This book presents a comparative reconstruction of the common phonology of the Chinese dialects using representative data from living dialects. The resulting phonology includes all categories and phonological distinctions that are represented in the dialect data. It departs from the tradition of using philological sources and non-Chinese borrowings as the basis for a reconstructed system. Based on a strict comparative methodology, the phonology presented encapsulates the shared phonology of the dialects and reflects the real-world distinctions and categories found in the living dialects. For example, the initials preserve the tripartite division that includes voiced obstruents seen in Wú dialects; the finals are comparatively drawn based on the collective dialect data; and the syllable codas preserve the three-way contrasts of consonant stop endings seen in the Cantonese dialects. The data presented allows readers to observe the basis for all of the distinction and categories included in the common phonology and the relationship of that phonology to all of the dialects, and as a result to identify the dialects’ disparate developments and evolution. The English translation also includes innovative elements that render it even more useful for researchers than the Chinese original. The book is primarily intended for scholars and researchers investigating the Chinese dialects and their relationships, and the history of Chinese. It is also useful for scholars of Chinese history and literature who need a handy resource providing essential information on the historical phonology of Chinese.
Introduction
I. The theory and method behind the Common Phonology
II. The nature and composition of the Common Phonology of the Chinese dialects
1. The initials of the Common Phonology
2. The finals of the Common Phonology
3. The tones of the Common Phonology
Guidelines for the Data Tables
Main Text and Data
1. o, uo
2. a, ea
3. ua
4. e, ie, ye
5. u, y27
6. ai, oi, eai, uai, uoi
7. ei, uei
8. I, ui
9. ou
10. au, eau, iau
11. ?u, i?u
12. om, op, am, ap
13. eam, eap, iem, iep
14. ?m, ?p, im, ip
15. on, ot, uon, uot
16. an, at
17. ean, eat, uan, uat
18. ien, iet, yan, yet
19. ?n,?t, un, ut
20. in, it, yn, yt
21. a?, ok, ea?, eok
22. ua?, uok, ia?, iok
23. e?, ek, ue?, uak, uek
24. ie?, iek, yak, ye?
25. ??, ?k, u??, u?k
26. i?, ik, yik
27. u?, uk, o?, ouk
28. y?, yk, io?, iouk
References
Alphabetical Index
Postface
Dr. Qian Gu is a Professor at the School of Liberal Arts at Nanjing University, Director of the Nanjing University Institute for the Study of Dialects and Culture, and Distinguished Professor in the Chang Jiang Scholars Program. She also served as Chief Chinese Partner in the Luce Foundation US-China Cooperative Research Program. Her primary areas of research include Chinese dialectology, historical linguistics and dialect geography. She is the General Editor of the Studies in the Dialects of Jiangsu series (Zhonghua shuju, China). Her publications include Research in Tong-Tai Dialect Phonology (Lincom Press, Germany), and a translation of Chinese Dialect Classification (Zhonghua shuju, China). She has published extensively in academic journals, including Zhongguo yuwen [ Chinese Language], Fangyan [ Dialects], and Language and Linguistics Monograph Series. Prof. Gu is also the recipient of the L Shxing Award in Chinese Linguistics awarded by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Dr. Richard VanNess Simmons is a Professor of Chinese and Former Chair of the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University. His primary areas of research include Chinese dialectology, dialect geography and historical linguistics. His research activities include extensive fieldwork experience investigating and mapping the dialects of Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces in China. Simmons publications include Chinese Dialect Classification (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1999; revision and translation in ChineseBeijing: Zhonghua, 2010), Issues in Chinese Dialect Description and Classification (Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series, Number 15), Chinese Dialect Geography: Distinguishing Mandarin and Wu in Their Boundary Region (Shanghai: Shanghai Education), and Shanghainese Dictionary And Phrasebook (New York: Hippocrene). He was awarded the Jiangsu Certificate of Friendship by Jiangsu Provincial Government of China.
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