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E-raamat: Competing Structures in the Bilingual Mind: A Psycholinguistic Investigation of Optional Verb Number Agreement

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Competing Structures in the Bilingual Mind: A Psycholinguistic Investigation of Optional Verb Number AgreementSuurem pilt
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This volume combines psycholinguistic experiments with typological investigations in order to provide a comprehensive exploration of the linguistic structure of verb-number agreement in bilingual speakers, with a particular focus on the Turkish language. It takes as its starting point the question of which linguistic structures pose difficulties for bilingual speakers, and then proceeds to evaluate the question by using the interface phenomenon of optional verb number agreement. In doing so, this volume investigates how the bilingual mind handles grammatical structures that demand high processing sources, working towards a processing-based linguistic framework for the bilingual mind.Beginning with a thorough survey of the current research of the interface phenomenon in the bilingual mind, the volume then proceeds to present two separate studies on each linguistic interface type, namely semantics-syntax interface and syntax-pragmatics interface, thus filling a number of gaps in t

he bilingualism research with regards to the interface phenomenon The results and conclusions of these studies are then integrated with current knowledge and research from the field within a theoretical and processing-based framework in order to explore new psycholinguistic insights for the bilingual mind, specifically the conclusion that the grammar of bilingual speakers is shaped according to cross linguistic tendencies. Ultimately, it provides a unified account and a comprehensive conclusion regarding the non-native-like patterns in grammar of bilingual speakers. Serving as a fascinating and timely resource, Competing Structures in the Bilingual Mind: An Investigation of Optional Verb Number Agreement will appeal to bilingualism researchers, clinical linguists, cognitive scientists, experimental linguists, and any linguist specializing in Turkic or Altaic languages.

1 Introduction.- 2 Setting the stage .- 2.1 Theoretical and experimental background.-2.2 Theoretical assumptions on modularity and interfaces in the mind.-2.3 Previous research on linguistic interfaces.- 3 Towards a Framework.- 3.1 Research framework and the bilingual group under investigation.-3.2 A processing-based framework.-3.3 Investigating interface-syntax in heritage language speakers.-3.4 Aims of the proposed studies.- 4 Study I: Semantics-morpho-syntax Interface.- 4.1 Interaction of animacy and number marking.-4.2 An experimental approach.-4.3 Experiment I. 4.4 Experiment II.- 5 Study II: Discourse-morpho-syntax interface.- 5.1 Interaction of discourse constraints and verb number marking in Turkish.-5.2 Information structural properties constraining verb number marking.-5.3 Interaction of discourse constraints and morpho-syntax across languages .-5.4 Experimental Design.-5.5 Experiment III.-5.6 Experiment IV.-6. General discussion .- 7. Towards a processing-based theory.-

8.- Conclusions .-Appendix A.-Appendix B.
1 Introduction
1(8)
2 Theoretical and Empirical Accounts of the "Modular Mind"
9(22)
2.1 Historical Background of the Modular Mind
10(10)
2.1.1 The Modular Mind: Many Modules Linked by Interface Mechanisms
10(2)
2.1.2 The Language Faculty
12(5)
2.1.3 Parallel Architecture Model
17(3)
2.2 Overview of Linguistic Interface Research: Evidence from Child and Agrammatic Speech
20(11)
2.2.1 Differentiating Narrow-Syntax and Interface-Syntax
21(6)
2.2.2 Non-target-like Interface-Syntax in Children
27(4)
3 Linguistic Interfaces in Bilingualism Research
31(26)
3.1 Interface-Syntax in the Grammar of Bilingual Children
31(9)
3.1.1 Overlapping Structures at the Interface-Syntax
32(3)
3.1.2 CLI at Later Stages of Bilingual Acquisition
35(2)
3.1.3 Language Dominance Effects on the Direction of CLI
37(1)
3.1.4 Role of Input
38(2)
3.2 Interface-Syntax in the Grammar of L1 Attriters
40(5)
3.3 Interface-Syntax in the Grammar of Near-Native L2 Learners
45(12)
3.3.1 Interface Hypothesis, Version 1: Distinguishing Narrow-Syntax and Interface-Syntax
45(4)
3.3.2 Interface Hypothesis, Version 2: Differentiating the Internal and External Interfaces
49(3)
3.3.3 Putting Different Strands of IH Research Together
52(5)
4 Review of Research on Heritage Bilingual Speakers
57(18)
4.1 Characteristics of Heritage Languages and Heritage Speakers
57(2)
4.2 Approaches to Understanding the Grammar of HS
59(12)
4.2.1 Are Heritage Speaker Grammars Incomplete?
60(4)
4.2.2 Is Grammar of Heritage Speakers a Different Type of Grammar?
64(4)
4.2.3 Is the Grammar of Heritage Speakers UG Constrained?
68(3)
4.3 Aims of the Book
71(4)
5 Measuring Animacy Effects on Verb Number Marking: A Semantics-Morphosyntax Interface Phenomenon
75(40)
5.1 Interaction of Animacy and Number Marking Across Languages
76(6)
5.1.1 Interaction of Animacy and Number Marking
78(1)
5.1.2 Animacy Levels Across Languages
79(2)
5.1.3 Possible Explanations for the Interaction Between Semantic Properties and Morphosyntax
81(1)
5.2 Factors Interacting with Verb Number in Turkish
82(6)
5.2.1 Obligatory Non-occurrence of Verb Number Marking
82(3)
5.2.2 Obligatory Occurrence of Verb Number Marking
85(1)
5.2.3 Optional Occurrence of Verb Number Marking
86(2)
5.3 An Experimental Approach
88(9)
5.3.1 Measuring Gradience in Grammar
88(5)
5.3.2 Participants
93(3)
5.3.3 Data Analysis
96(1)
5.4 Effects of Animacy on Optional Verb Number Marking: Testing Monolingual Speakers
97(7)
5.4.1 Materials
97(2)
5.4.2 Participants
99(1)
5.4.3 Research Questions
99(1)
5.4.4 Results
100(4)
5.5 Discussion
104(1)
5.6 Conclusions
105(1)
5.7 Effects of Animacy on Optional Verb Number Marking: Testing Bilingual Speakers
105(6)
5.7.1 Participants
105(1)
5.7.2 Research Questions
105(2)
5.7.3 Results
107(4)
5.8 Discussion
111(3)
5.9 Conclusions
114(1)
6 Measuring Effects of Topicality on Verb Number Marking: A Pragmatics-Morphosyntax Interface Phenomenon
115(40)
6.1 Interaction of Discourse Constraints and Verb Number Marking in Turkish
115(6)
6.1.1 Distinctness Motivation on Use of Overt Verb Number Marking
117(1)
6.1.2 Pragmatic Motivation on Use of Overt Verb Number Marking
118(3)
6.2 Information Structural Properties in Turkish
121(7)
6.2.1 Information Structure and the Referential Status of Subject Referents
121(1)
6.2.2 Function of Word Order in Turkish
122(6)
6.3 Interaction of Discourse Constraints and Morphosyntax Across Languages
128(6)
6.3.1 SR Systems Operating on Narrow-Syntax Values
129(1)
6.3.2 SR Systems Operating on Discourse Values
130(4)
6.4 Experimental Design
134(4)
6.4.1 Materials
134(4)
6.4.2 Procedure
138(1)
6.5 Effects of Topicality on Optional Verb Number Marking: Testing Monolingual Speakers
138(4)
6.5.1 Participants
138(1)
6.5.2 Research Questions
139(1)
6.5.3 Results
140(2)
6.6 Discussion
142(2)
6.7 Conclusions
144(1)
6.8 Effects of Topicality on Optional Verb Number Marking: Testing Bilingual Speakers
145(5)
6.8.1 Participants
145(1)
6.8.2 Research Questions
145(1)
6.8.3 Results
146(2)
6.8.4 Comparing Monolingual and Bilingual Results
148(2)
6.9 General Discussion and Conclusions
150(3)
6.10 Conclusions
153(2)
7 Supporting Evidence from Categorical Data
155(8)
7.1 Experimental Design
156(1)
7.1.1 Materials
156(1)
7.1.2 Participants
156(1)
7.1.3 Procedure
156(1)
7.1.4 Data Analysis
157(1)
7.2 Results
157(4)
7.2.1 Analysis of Animacy Levels
157(2)
7.2.2 Analysis of Givenness-Newness Levels
159(2)
7.3 Conclusions
161(2)
8 Putting Things into a Frame
163(14)
8.1 Some MOGUL Basics
164(8)
8.1.1 The Core Language System and the Conceptual Structure
164(2)
8.1.2 Information Stores, Processors, Interfaces, and Representations
166(3)
8.1.3 Working Memory
169(3)
8.2 First and Second Language Acquisition and Maintenance in MOGUL
172(5)
8.2.1 Acquisition by Processing Theory
172(1)
8.2.2 Second Language Acquisition in MOGUL
173(1)
8.2.3 Attrition by Processing Theory
173(4)
9 General Discussion and Conclusions
177(10)
Appendix 1 Output Tables 187(4)
Appendix 2 Individual Characteristics of Monolingual and Bilingual Participants 191(8)
References 199(16)
Index 215
Dr. Elif Bamyaci is a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the University of Cologne, Germany, in the department of German language and literature. Dr. Bamyaci received her Ph.D. in Linguistics, from the University of Konstanz, Germany.
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