Preface |
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xiii | |
1 Bioinfomatics as a Tool in Drug Designing |
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1 | (24) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Steps Involved in Drug Designing |
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3 | (13) |
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1.2.1 Identification of the Target Protein/Enzyme |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Detection of Molecular Site (Active Site) in the Target Protein |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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1.2.6 QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) |
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12 | (2) |
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1.2.7 Pharmacophore Modeling |
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14 | (1) |
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1.2.8 Solubility of Molecule |
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14 | (1) |
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1.2.9 Molecular Dynamic Simulation |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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1.3 Various Softwares Used in the Steps of Drug Designing |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (5) |
2 New Strategies in Drug Discovery |
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25 | (24) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.2 Road Toward Advancement |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (8) |
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2.3.1 Target Identification |
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30 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Docking-Based Virtual Screening |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Conformation Sampling |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.3.5 Molecular Similarity Methods |
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35 | (2) |
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2.3.6 Virtual Library Construction |
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37 | (1) |
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2.3.7 Sequence-Based Drug Design |
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37 | (1) |
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2.4 Role of OMICS Technology |
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38 | (2) |
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2.5 High-Throughput Screening and Its Tools |
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40 | (4) |
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44 | (2) |
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2.6.1 Exploratory Data Analysis |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.6.3 Pattern Explanation |
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46 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.7 Concluding Remarks and Future Prospects |
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46 | (2) |
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48 | (1) |
3 Role of Bioinformatics in Early Drug Discovery: An Overview and Perspective |
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49 | (20) |
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50 | (1) |
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3.2 Bioinformatics and Drug Discovery |
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51 | (3) |
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3.2.1 Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) |
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53 | (1) |
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3.3 Bioinformatics Tools in Early Drug Discovery |
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54 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Possible Biological Activity Prediction Tools |
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55 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Possible Physicochemical and Drug-Likeness Properties Verification Tools |
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58 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Possible Toxicity and ADME/T Profile Prediction Tools |
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60 | (1) |
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3.4 Future Directions With Bioinformatics Tool |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (5) |
4 Role of Data Mining in Bioinformatics |
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69 | (16) |
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70 | (1) |
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4.2 Data Mining Methods/Techniques |
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71 | (6) |
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71 | (17) |
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4.2.1.1 Statistical Techniques |
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71 | (2) |
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4.2.1.2 Clustering Technique |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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4.2.1.4 Induction Decision Tree Technique |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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4.2.1.6 Association Rule Technique |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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4.5 Protein Data Analysis |
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79 | (1) |
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4.6 Biomedical Data Analysis |
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80 | (1) |
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4.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (4) |
5 In Silico Protein Design and Virtual Screening |
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85 | (16) |
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86 | (2) |
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5.2 Virtual Screening Process |
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88 | (6) |
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5.2.1 Before Virtual Screening |
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90 | (1) |
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5.2.2 General Process of Virtual Screening |
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90 | (36) |
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5.2.2.1 Step 1 (The Establishment of the Receptor Model) |
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91 | (1) |
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5.2.2.2 Step 2 (The Generation of Small-Molecule Libraries) |
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92 | (1) |
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5.2.2.3 Step 3 (Molecular Docking) |
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92 | (2) |
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5.2.2.4 Step 4 (Selection of Lead Protein Compounds) |
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94 | (1) |
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5.3 Machine Learning and Scoring Functions |
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94 | (1) |
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5.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (5) |
6 New Bioinformatics Platform-Based Approach for Drug Design |
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101 | (20) |
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102 | (2) |
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6.2 Platform-Based Approach and Regulatory Perspective |
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104 | (3) |
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6.3 Bioinformatics Tools and Computer-Aided Drug Design |
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107 | (2) |
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6.4 Target Identification |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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6.6 Lead Identification and Optimization |
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111 | (1) |
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6.7 High-Throughput Methods (HTM) |
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112 | (2) |
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6.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (6) |
7 Bioinformatics and Its Application Areas |
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121 | (18) |
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121 | (3) |
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7.2 Review of Bioinformatics |
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124 | (2) |
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7.3 Bioinformatics Applications in Different Areas |
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126 | (5) |
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7.3.1 Microbial Genome Application |
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126 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (8) |
8 DNA Microarray Analysis: From Affymetrix CEL Files to Comparative Gene Expression |
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139 | (16) |
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140 | (1) |
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140 | (8) |
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8.2.1 Installation of Workflow |
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140 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Importing the Raw Data for Processing |
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141 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Retrieving Sample Annotation of the Data |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (5) |
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144 | (1) |
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8.2.4.2 Density Histogram |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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8.2.4.6 RNA Degradation Plot |
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145 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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8.3 Normalization of Microarray Data Using the RMA Method |
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148 | (3) |
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8.3.1 Background Correction |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (2) |
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8.4 Statistical Analysis for Differential Gene Expression |
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151 | (2) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
9 Machine Learning in Bioinformatics |
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155 | (10) |
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9.1 Introduction and Background |
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156 | (3) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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9.2 Machine Learning Applications in Bioinformatics |
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159 | (2) |
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9.3 Machine Learning Approaches |
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161 | (1) |
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9.4 Conclusion and Closing Remarks |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
10 DNA-RNA Barcoding and Gene Sequencing |
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165 | (64) |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (19) |
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172 | (5) |
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10.3.2 DNA Barcoding and Molecular Phylogeny |
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177 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of the Nuclear Genome (nuDNA)-ITS |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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10.3.6 Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis |
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181 | (8) |
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189 | (1) |
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10.3.8 Materials for DNA Barcoding |
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190 | (1) |
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10.4 Main Reasons of DNA Barcoding |
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191 | (1) |
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10.5 Limitations/Restrictions of DNA Barcoding |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (2) |
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10.6.1 Overview of the Method |
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193 | (1) |
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194 | (18) |
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10.7.1 Materials Required |
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195 | (1) |
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10.7.2 Barcoded RNA Sequencing High-Level Mapping of Single-Neuron Projections |
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196 | (1) |
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10.7.3 Using RNA to Trace Neurons |
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196 | (2) |
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10.7.4 A Life Conservation Barcoder |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (9) |
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10.7.5.1 DNA Sequencing Methods |
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200 | (4) |
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10.7.5.2 First-Generation Sequencing Techniques |
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204 | (1) |
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10.7.5.3 Maxam's and Gilbert's Chemical Method |
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204 | (1) |
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10.7.5.4 Sanger Sequencing |
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205 | (1) |
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10.7.5.5 Automation in DNA Sequencing |
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206 | (1) |
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10.7.5.6 Use of Fluorescent-Marked Primers and ddNTPs |
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206 | (1) |
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10.7.5.7 Dye Terminator Sequencing |
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207 | (1) |
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10.7.5.8 Using Capillary Electrophoresis |
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207 | (1) |
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10.7.6 Developments and High-Throughput Methods in DNA Sequencing |
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208 | (1) |
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10.7.7 Pyrosequencing Method |
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209 | (1) |
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10.7.8 The Genome Sequencer 454 FLX System |
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210 | (1) |
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10.7.9 Illumina/Solexa Genome Analyzer |
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210 | (1) |
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10.7.10 Transition Sequencing Techniques |
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211 | (1) |
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10.7.11 Ion-Torrent's Semiconductor Sequencing |
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211 | (1) |
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10.7.12 Helico's Genetic Analysis Platform |
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211 | (1) |
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10.7.13 Third-Generation Sequencing Techniques |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (15) |
11 Bioinformatics in Cancer Detection |
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229 | (16) |
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230 | (1) |
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11.2 The Era of Bioinformatics in Cancer |
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230 | (2) |
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11.3 Aid in Cancer Research via NCI |
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232 | (1) |
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11.4 Application of Big Data in Developing Precision Medicine |
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233 | (2) |
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11.5 Historical Perspective and Development |
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235 | (2) |
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11.6 Bioinformatics-Based Approaches in the Study of Cancer |
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237 | (3) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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11.7 Conclusion and Future Challenges |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (5) |
12 Genomic Association of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Their Role in Disease Progression |
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245 | (20) |
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246 | (6) |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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12.6 Statistical Analysis |
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255 | (3) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (6) |
13 An Insight of Protein Structure Predictions Using Homology Modeling |
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265 | (14) |
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266 | (2) |
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13.2 Homology Modeling Approach |
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268 | (2) |
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13.2.1 Strategies for Homology Modeling |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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13.3 Steps Involved in Homology Modeling |
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270 | (3) |
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13.3.1 Template Identification |
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270 | (1) |
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13.3.2 Sequence Alignment |
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271 | (1) |
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13.3.3 Backbone Generation |
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271 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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13.3.5 Side Chain Modeling |
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272 | (1) |
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13.3.6 Model Optimization |
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272 | (1) |
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13.3.6.1 Model Validation |
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272 | (1) |
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13.4 Tools Used for Homology Modeling |
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273 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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13.4.2 M4T (Multiple Templates) |
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273 | (1) |
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13.4.3 I-Tasser (Iterative Implementation of the Threading Assembly Refinement) |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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13.4.6 PHYRE2 (Protein Homology/Analogy Recognition Engine 2) |
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274 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (4) |
14 Basic Concepts in Proteomics and Applications |
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279 | (16) |
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Jesudass Joseph Sahayarayan |
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280 | (1) |
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14.2 Challenges on Proteomics |
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281 | (2) |
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14.3 Proteomics Based on Gel |
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283 | (1) |
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14.4 Non-Gel-Based Electrophoresis Method |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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14.6 Proteomics Based on Peptides |
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285 | (1) |
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14.7 Stable Isotopic Labeling |
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286 | (1) |
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14.8 Data Mining and Informatics |
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287 | (2) |
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14.9 Applications of Proteomics |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (3) |
15 Prospects of Covalent Approaches in Drug Discovery: An Overview |
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295 | (26) |
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296 | (1) |
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15.2 Covalent Inhibitors Against the Biological Target |
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297 | (2) |
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15.3 Application of Physical Chemistry Concepts in Drug Designing |
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299 | (2) |
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15.4 Docking Methodologies-An Overview |
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301 | (1) |
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15.5 Importance of Covalent Targets |
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302 | (1) |
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15.6 Recent Framework on the Existing Docking Protocols |
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303 | (1) |
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15.7 SN2 Reactions in the Computational Approaches |
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304 | (1) |
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15.8 Other Crucial Factors to Consider in the Covalent Docking |
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305 | (4) |
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15.8.1 Role of Ionizable Residues |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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15.8.3 Charge-Charge Interactions |
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306 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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15.10 Conclusion and Remarks |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (10) |
Index |
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