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E-raamat: Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Spray Dryers: An Engineer,s Guide

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(Monash University, Clayton, Australia)
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Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Spray Dryers: An Engineer,s GuideSuurem pilt
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Bridging the gap in understanding between the spray drying industry and the numerical modeler on spray drying, Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Spray Dryers: An Engineers Guide shows how to numerically capture important physical phenomena within a spray drying process using the CFD technique. It includes numerical strategies to effectively describe these phenomena, which are collated from research work and CFD industrial consultation, in particular to the dairy industry. Along with showing how to set up models, the book helps readers identify the capabilities and uncertainties of the CFD technique for spray drying. After briefly covering the basics of CFD, the book discusses airflow modeling, atomization and particle tracking, droplet drying, quality modeling, agglomeration and wall deposition modeling, and simulation validation techniques. The book also answers questions related to common challenges in industrial applications.

Arvustused

"A friendly text that has provided just enough description of the subject for readers to go on carrying out analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics with a certain degree of confidence, and that has given sufficient details on the practical examples that have been exercised before (mostly by the author himself). The experiences shared are highly illustrative. One should also appreciate the authors enthusiasm about Computational Fluid Dynamics applications on spray drying, which is well known in the drying community. Xiao Dong Chen, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

" A comprehensive analysis of spray drying processes oriented to CFD modeling of air flow, droplet drying and quality issues." Ireneusz Zbicinski, Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Series Preface ix
Preface xi
Author xiii
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 Why Do We Need CFD Simulation of Spray Drying?
2(1)
1.2 Components of CFD Simulation of Spray Drying
3(4)
2 Basics of CFD
7(14)
2.1 How Are Those Velocity and Temperature Plots Generated?
8(8)
2.2 How Is Turbulence Captured?
16(3)
2.3 Common Basic Numerical Strategies
19(2)
3 Airflow Modeling
21(16)
3.1 Turbulence Model Selection
21(2)
3.2 Transient Flow versus Steady Flow
23(14)
3.2.1 In What Situations Do We Expect Transient Flows?
23(6)
3.2.2 Important Numerical Strategies for Transient Flows
29(8)
4 Atomization and Particle Tracking
37(18)
4.1 Capturing Rotating Atomization
38(4)
4.2 Capturing Pressure-Based Atomization
42(2)
4.3 Simulating Particles Transport by Convection and Dispersion
44(4)
4.4 Important Numerical Strategies in Two-Way Coupling
48(7)
5 Droplet Drying and Quality Modeling
55(32)
5.1 How Is Drying Captured in the Particle-in-Cell Approach?
55(4)
5.2 Comparison on the Existing Models
59(18)
5.2.1 Characteristic Drying Curve
61(4)
5.2.2 Reaction Engineering Approach
65(9)
5.2.3 Comparison between the CDC and the REA Approach
74(3)
5.3 How Is the Drying Kinetics Measured for Specific Products?
77(4)
5.4 Effect of Accurately Capturing the Particles Shrinkage and Its Implications
81(3)
5.5 Capturing the Mass Depression Phenomenon
84(1)
5.6 Incorporation of Quality Modeling of the Particles
85(2)
6 Agglomeration and Wall Deposition Modeling
87(10)
6.1 Predicting the Collision Efficiency for Agglomeration Application
88(1)
6.2 Modeling Stickiness and Coalescence
88(5)
6.2.1 Sticking Criterion
88(3)
6.2.2 Important Experiments to Measure the Stickiness of Particles
91(2)
6.3 Predicting the Structure of the Agglomerate
93(1)
6.4 Capturing the Near Wall Phenomenon for Wall Deposition
94(3)
6.4.1 Momentum Impact versus Diffusion Impact
94(1)
6.4.2 Modeling Particle Removal Due to Shearing
95(2)
7 Simulation Validation Techniques
97(14)
7.1 Airflow Measurements
98(4)
7.2 Temperature and Humidity Measurements
102(1)
7.3 Yield, Product, and Deposition Flux Measurements
103(4)
7.4 Controlled Experimental Technique for Model Development
107(4)
8 Common Challenges for Industrial Applications
111(14)
8.1 Managing Expectations
111(14)
8.1.1 Estimation of Droplet Size for Atomization of Concentrated Feed
112(3)
8.1.2 Complex and Lack of Information on Air Inlet Configurations
115(1)
8.1.3 Is the Spray Dryer Well Insulated?
116(1)
8.1.4 How Do CFD Simulations Tie in With Plant-Wide Prediction Packages?
117(2)
8.1.5 I Want to Understand Why My New Spray-Dried Formulation Is Off-Specification!
119(1)
8.1.6 How Does the CFD Model Reflect My Actual Feed Material?
120(1)
8.1.7 Strategy for Outlet-Controlled Spray Dryers?
121(1)
8.1.8 How Accurate Is the Final Particle Moisture Content Prediction?
122(3)
References 125(8)
Index 133
Meng Wai Woo is currently a senior lecturer of chemical engineering at Monash University, Australia. His research interest is in spray drying. He has experience in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the spray drying process and in applying this technique for industry. Within the area of spray drying, he is also examining the droplet evaporation, particle formation or interaction phenomena and in engineering the functionality of particles. Dr. Woo also explores new approaches to spray drying in introducing the antisolvent vapor precipitation approach and most recently, the narrow tube spray drying technique.
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