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1 | (8) |
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1.1 Volatility Forecasting |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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1.3 Risk Management Methods |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 Neural Networks Approach |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (22) |
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2.1 Time Series Properties |
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10 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Stochastic Processes |
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10 | (1) |
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2.1.3 Stationarity in Time Series |
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11 | (1) |
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2.1.4 Autoregressive Models |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (5) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Geometric Brownian Motion with Drift |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Linear Time Series Models |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Moving Average Model |
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16 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Auto Regressive Moving Model (ARMA) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.3 Financial Time Series Modelling |
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17 | (14) |
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2.3.1 Distributional Properties of the Return Series |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Stylised Properties of Returns |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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2.3.4 Volatility Modelling |
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22 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Conditional Heteroscedasticity Models |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.3.10 Time Varying Volatility Models Literature Review |
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27 | (4) |
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3 Options and Options Pricing Models |
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31 | (20) |
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31 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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3.2 Option Pricing Models and Hedging |
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34 | (11) |
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3.2.1 The Black-Scholes Options Pricing Model |
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35 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Black-Schole Equation |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model (BSOPM) |
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37 | (3) |
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3.2.5 GARCH Option Pricing Models |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (6) |
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46 | (5) |
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4 Neural Networks and Financial Forecasting |
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51 | (30) |
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51 | (12) |
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52 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Multi-layer Preceptron (MLP) |
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53 | (2) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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4.1.5 Mixture Density Networks |
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58 | (3) |
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4.1.6 Radial Base Function Network |
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61 | (2) |
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4.2 Neural Networks in Financial Forecasting |
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63 | (18) |
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4.2.1 Neural Networks for Time Series Forecasting |
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63 | (4) |
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4.2.2 Neural Networks in Conditional Volatility Forecasting |
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67 | (5) |
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4.2.3 Volatility Forecasting with MDN |
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72 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Application of Neural Networks Option Pricing |
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74 | (7) |
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5 Important Problems in Financial Forecasting |
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81 | (10) |
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5.1 Terms and Concepts Used |
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81 | (6) |
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5.1.1 Financial Time Series |
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81 | (3) |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (2) |
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5.2.1 Volatility Forecasting |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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5.3 Choice of Methodology |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (22) |
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91 | (6) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Mixture Density Networks |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (8) |
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104 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Out-of-Sample Forecast Performance |
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105 | (3) |
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6.7.3 One-Day Volatility Forecast |
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108 | (1) |
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6.7.4 10 and 30 Days Forecast |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (24) |
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7.1 Option Pricing Models |
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114 | (7) |
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7.1.1 GARCH Option Pricing Model (GOPM) |
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115 | (2) |
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7.1.2 BSOPM Option Pricing Model |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) |
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118 | (1) |
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7.1.5 Neural Networks for Option Pricing |
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119 | (1) |
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7.1.6 My Option Pricing Model |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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7.3 New Option Pricing Model and Solution Overview |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Neural Network Training Methods |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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7.7.2 New Method Developed |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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7.9 The Empirical Dynamics of the Volatility Smile |
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131 | (3) |
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7.10 Summary and Conclusion |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (12) |
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137 | (1) |
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8.2 Value-at-Risk Definition |
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138 | (1) |
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8.3 Modelling Value at Risk with Neural Networks |
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139 | (4) |
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8.3.1 Historical Simulation Method |
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140 | (1) |
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8.3.2 Variance-Covariance Method |
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141 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Monte Carlo Simulation Method |
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142 | (1) |
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8.4 Modelling Value-at-Risk with Neural Networks |
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143 | (3) |
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8.5 Value-at-Risk (VaR)---Future Work |
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146 | (3) |
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9 Conclusion and Discussion |
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149 | (10) |
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9.1 Volatility Forecasting |
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150 | (3) |
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9.2 Option Pricing and Hedging |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (2) |
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9.4 Contributions of This Research |
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157 | (2) |
Appendix A Detailed Results |
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159 | (4) |
References |
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163 | |