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E-raamat: Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers

, (Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Damman, Saudia Arabia)
  • Formaat: 530 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498776578
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Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental EngineersSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 530 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498776578
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Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers in its second edition incorporates changes and introduces new concepts using Visual Basic.NET, a programming language chosen for its ease of comprehensive usage. This book offers a complete understanding of the basic principles of environmental engineering and integrates new sections that address Noise Pollution and Abatement and municipal solid-waste problem solving, financing of waste facilities, and the engineering of treatment methods that address sanitary landfill, biochemical processes, and combustion and energy recovery. Its practical approach serves to aid in the teaching of environmental engineering unit operations and processes design and demonstrates effective problem-solving practices that facilitate self-teaching. A vital reference for students and professional sanitary and environmental engineers this work also serves as a stand-alone problem-solving text with well-defined, real-work examples and explanations.

Arvustused

" written in a down-to-earth engineering style for a wide audience and bookworms. The volume helps in the design, treatment and control of water and air pollution by using mathematical equations, measured relationships and software applications that help programming water and groundwater sources and process design techniques to control gaseous contaminants and radiation harms. Equally, the scientific content of the book has a very great rank as it is linked to computer applications. Surely, it appeals to technical readers, students, engineers, consultants, environmental and health doctors, civilians, industrialists, technologists, agriculturalists, urban planners, consulting companies and policy makers, as well as a wide range of general readers." Dr. Eng. Elham Munir Baddour, University of Tishreen and University of Aleppo, Syria

"An introduction to Visual Basic.NET programming with examples from several environmental domains, including water resources management, air quality modelling and solid waste management. Suitable for freshmen, as it follows a step-by-step approach, it is especially suited for environmental engineering students with very little programming experience who want to do their first steps with Visual Basic." I.N. Athanasiadis, Wageningen University, Netherlands

"Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers is one of the greatest books that helped many students, researchers, and engineers alike to manage the ever-growing environmental data. The book institutes a step by step guide to solving different environmental problems using normal and modelling approaches. In addition to normal chapters in the first edition, the Second Edition added two new valuable chapters on municipal solid waste collection, segregation, treatment, reuse, recycle and final disposal together with noise pollution aspects and control. This is one of the most enticing books that addresses both practical problems and a computer program solution to solve it. The book will essentially help students, engineers and application developers in most environmental and engineering trends. I personally recommend this book if you are a student, engineer or a researcher in the environmental sector." Dr. Faris Gorashi Faris, International Technical College at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

"This complementary guide and superlative new source is a must read for today's graduate and undergraduate students as well as professionals working in environmental sciences." Ismail Anil, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

"Computer Modeling Applications for Environmental Engineers delivers an interesting manual on Visual Basic (VB) coding for the engineering students, educators and practicing engineers. Starting with the introduction to the computer programming concept, then authors provide extensive code samples that applies in water properties, water resources, water and waste water treatment system, solid waste, air pollution and noise pollution. The codes are well written and easy to follow even for a beginner. At the end of each chapter, the practical problems require reader to do a computer code that is very useful and challenging. The samples given in the book can also be used as a basis for the readers to develop their own computer code." Jazuri Abdullah, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Selangor, Malaysia

List of Figures xv
List of Tables xix
List of Computer Programs xxi
Preface xxvii
Preface and Acknowledgment to First Edition xxxi
Authors xxxiii
Authors of First Edition xxxv
List of Symbols and Abbreviations xxxvii
List of Acronyms xliii
Chapter 1 Programming Concepts 1(22)
1.1 How It All Started
1(1)
1.2 Components of a Computer
2(3)
1.3 Types of Programs
5(1)
1.3.1 OS (Supervisor Programs)
6(1)
1.3.2 Utility Programs (User Programs)
6(1)
1.4 Programming and Languages
6(4)
1.5 The Open-Source Movement
10(2)
1.6 About the .NET Framework
12(1)
1.7 What Is VS.NET?
12(1)
1.8 Fundamentals of the VB.NET Language
13(6)
1.8.1 Variables and Constants
14(1)
1.8.2 Operators
15(1)
1.8.3 The REM Statement (Remark or the Single Quote "'")
15(1)
1.8.4 The End Statement
15(1)
1.8.5 The GoTo Statement (Transfer of Control and Unconditional Branching)
15(1)
1.8.6 Intrinsic Functions (Library or Built-In Functions)
15(1)
1.8.7 The IF ...THEN Construct (Conditional Transfer)
16(1)
1.8.8 The CASE Construct
16(1)
1.8.9 The FOR ...TO ...NEXT Block (Building a Loop)
16(1)
1.8.10 DO ... LOOP
17(1)
1.8.11 The STRING Class
17(1)
1.8.12 The FORMAT Family of Functions
17(1)
1.8.13 The Drawing Functions
17(1)
1.8.14 The DIM Statement
17(1)
1.8.15 Functions and Subroutines
18(1)
1.8.16 The MSGBOX and INPUTBOX Functions
18(1)
1.8.17 Objects and Their Properties
18(1)
1.9 Programs on the Accompanying CD/ROM
19(2)
1.10 Homework Problems in Programming Concepts
21(1)
References
21(2)
Chapter 2 Computer Modeling Applications for Water and Wastewater Properties 23(44)
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Properties of Water and Wastewater
23(1)
2.3 Physical Properties
23(20)
2.3.1 Temperature
23(4)
2.3.2 Conductivity
27(2)
2.3.3 Salinity
29(1)
2.3.4 Solids Content
29(2)
2.3.5 Total Dissolved Solids
31(1)
2.3.6 Density, Specific Volume, Specific Weight, and Specific Gravity
31(3)
2.3.7 Viscosity (Rheological Properties)
34(2)
2.3.8 Surface Tension and Capillary Rise
36(5)
2.3.9 Bulk Modulus (Bulk Modulus of Elasticity)
41(2)
2.4 Chemical Characteristics
43(8)
2.4.1 Hydrogen Ion Concentration
43(2)
2.4.2 Hardness
45(6)
2.5 Biological Properties
51(9)
2.5.1 Dissolved Oxygen
51(2)
2.5.2 Biochemical Oxygen Demand
53(7)
2.6 Radioactivity
60(4)
2.7 Homework Problems in Water and Wastewater Properties
64(2)
2.7.1 Discussion Problems
64(1)
2.7.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
65(1)
References
66(1)
Chapter 3 Computer Modeling Applications for Water Resources, Usage, Groundwater, and Water Storage and Distribution 67(64)
3.1 Introduction
67(1)
3.2 Water Sources and Footprints
67(2)
3.2.1 Introduction
67(1)
3.2.2 Water Footprint
67(1)
3.2.3 Source Selection
68(1)
3.3 Population Growth and Consumption Design Rates
69(3)
3.4 Fire Demand
72(3)
3.5 Groundwater Flow
75(11)
3.6 Water Storage
86(6)
3.6.1 Water Storage
86(1)
3.6.2 Mass Curve (Rippl Diagram and S-Curve)
87(5)
3.7 Water Distribution
92(26)
3.7.1 Introduction
92(1)
3.7.2 Patterns of Pipelines in Water Networks
92(1)
3.7.3 Viscous Flow in Closed Conduits
92(1)
3.7.3.1 Fundamental Equations for an Incompressible Flow
92(1)
3.7.4 Flow in Pipes
93(5)
3.7.4.1 Laminar Flow (Hagen-Poiseuille Flow)
93(1)
3.7.4.2 Turbulent Flow
94(4)
3.7.4.3 Minor Losses
98(1)
3.7.5 Pipes in Series
98(4)
3.7.5.1 Equivalent-Velocity-Head Method
98(2)
3.7.5.2 Equivalent-Length Method
100(2)
3.7.6 Pipes in Parallel (Pipe Network)
102(16)
3.7.6.1 Disadvantages of the Hardy Cross Method
110(1)
3.7.6.2 Analysis of Pipe Networks by the Finite Element Method
110(8)
3.7.6.3 Advantages of the Finite Element Method
118(1)
3.8 Structural Design of Storage Tanks
118(9)
3.8.1 Analysis of Forces
118(5)
3.8.1.1 Circular Tanks
118(3)
3.8.1.2 Rectangular Tanks
121(2)
3.8.2 Design of the Section
123(4)
3.9 Homework Problems in Water Resources, Water Storage, and Water Distribution
127(2)
3.9.1 Discussion Problems
127(1)
3.9.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
128(1)
References
129(2)
Chapter 4 Computer Modeling Applications for Water Treatment 131(70)
4.1 Water Treatment Systems
131(1)
4.2 Aims of Water Treatment
131(1)
4.3 Screening
131(1)
4.4 Sedimentation
132(23)
4.4.1 Introduction
132(1)
4.4.2 Types of Settling Phenomenon
132(2)
4.4.3 Class I Settling
134(4)
4.4.4 Settling Characteristics
138(8)
4.4.5 The Ideal Sedimentation Basin
146(1)
4.4.6 Elements That Reduce the Efficiency in the Performance of Sedimentation Basins
146(3)
4.4.6.1 Turbulence
146(1)
4.4.6.2 Bottom Scour
147(1)
4.4.6.3 Nonuniform Velocity Distribution and Short-Circuiting
147(2)
4.4.7 Design of the Settling Zone
149(1)
4.4.8 Settling of Flocculent Particles
150(1)
4.4.9 Analysis of Flocculent Settling
150(1)
4.4.10 General Design Considerations
150(5)
4.4.10.1 Rectangular Tanks
150(1)
4.4.10.2 Circular Settling Tanks (Dorr Settling Tanks)
151(4)
4.5 Flocculation and Coagulation
155(6)
4.5.1 Introduction
155(1)
4.5.2 Electrokinetics of Coagulation
155(2)
4.5.3 Design Parameters
157(1)
4.5.4 Design of Flocculator
157(4)
4.6 Aeration and Gas Transfer
161(3)
4.7 Filtration
164(17)
4.7.1 Introduction
164(3)
4.7.2 Filtration Theory
167(11)
4.7.3 Clogging of the Filter Bed
178(1)
4.7.4 Backwashing a Rapid Sand Filter
179(2)
4.8 Methods of Desalination
181(9)
4.8.1 Introduction
181(1)
4.8.2 Distillation
181(3)
4.8.3 Osmosis
184(4)
4.8.4 Electrodialysis
188(2)
4.9 Disinfection Process
190(2)
4.9.1 Introduction
190(1)
4.9.2 Chlorination
190(2)
4.10 Corrosion
192(6)
4.10.1 Introduction
192(1)
4.10.2 Corrosion Potential Indicators
192(3)
4.10.2.1 Langelier Index
192(1)
4.10.2.2 Ryznar Index
192(1)
4.10.2.3 Aggressiveness Index
193(2)
4.10.3 Rate of Corrosion
195(3)
4.11 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Water Treatment
198(1)
4.11.1 Discussion Problems
198(1)
4.11.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
198(1)
References
199(2)
Chapter 5 Computer Modeling Applications for Wastewater Collection System and Treatment Technology and Disposal 201(92)
5.1 Introduction
201(1)
5.2 Sewers and Sewerage Systems
202(18)
5.2.1 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sewer Systems
202(1)
5.2.1.1 Separate System
202(1)
5.2.1.2 Combined System
202(1)
5.2.1.3 Other Considerations
203(1)
5.2.2 Flow Rates of Sanitary Wastewater
203(1)
5.2.3 Storm Water
203(3)
5.2.4 Hydraulics of Sewers
206(1)
5.2.5 Flow Friction Formulae
207(5)
5.2.6 Design Computations
212(5)
5.2.6.1 Capacity of Flow Estimates
212(5)
5.2.6.2 Self-Cleansing Velocities
217(1)
5.2.7 Summary of Sewer System Design
217(1)
5.2.8 Corrosion in Sanitary Sewers
218(2)
5.2.8.1 Sulfide Buildup Estimates
218(2)
5.2.8.2 Filled Pipe Conditions
220(1)
5.2.8.3 Partially Filled Pipe Conditions
220(1)
5.3 Wastewater Disposal for Rural Inhabitants
220(16)
5.3.1 Septic Tanks
220(15)
5.3.1.1 Introduction
220(1)
5.3.1.2 Designing Septic Tanks
221(1)
5.3.1.3 Septic Tank Effluents
222(13)
5.3.2 Imhoff Tanks
235(1)
5.4 Sources and Evaluation of Wastewater Flow Rates
236(3)
5.5 Concept of PE
239(2)
5.6 Reasons for Treating Wastewater
241(1)
5.7 Wastewater Treatment Unit Operations and Processes
241(1)
5.8 Preliminary Treatment: Grit Removal
241(3)
5.9 Secondary Treatment (Aerobic and Biological)
244(8)
5.9.1 Introduction
244(1)
5.9.2 Suspended Growth Systems (Aerobic Suspended Growth Process): Activated Sludge Process
245(1)
5.9.3 Activated Sludge Process Kinetics
245(2)
5.9.4 Factors Affecting the Activated Sludge Process
247(5)
5.9.4.1 Volume and Sludge Loadings
247(1)
5.9.4.2 Sludge Age, Mean Cell Residence Time, Solids Retention Time, or Cell Age
247(3)
5.9.4.3 Effects of SVI (Mohlman Sludge Volume Index)
250(1)
5.9.4.4 SDI or Donaldson Index
250(2)
5.10 Attached Growth Treatment Processes: Trickling Filter
252(8)
5.10.1 Introduction
252(1)
5.10.2 Recirculation to the Trickling Filter
253(1)
5.10.3 Efficiency of a Trickling Filter (BOD Removal Efficiency)
253(2)
5.10.3.1 NRC Formula
253(1)
5.10.3.2 Velz Formula
254(1)
5.10.3.3 Rankin Formula
254(1)
5.10.3.4 Rumpf Formula
254(1)
5.10.3.5 Eckenfelder Equation
254(1)
5.10.3.6 Galler and Gotaas Equation
255(1)
5.10.4 Overall Treatment Plant Efficiency
255(4)
5.10.5 Trickling Filter Clarifier
259(1)
5.11 Combined Suspended and Attached Growth Systems WSP, Lagoon, or Oxidation Pond
260(6)
5.11.1 Introduction
260(1)
5.11.2 WSP Design
261(5)
5.11.2.1 General
261(1)
5.11.2.2 Completely Mixed Conditions
261(2)
5.11.2.3 Maturation WSP
263(3)
5.12 Sludge Treatment and Disposal
266(12)
5.12.1 Sludge Digestion
266(2)
5.12.2 Sludge Dewatering
268(10)
5.12.2.1 Introduction
268(1)
5.12.2.2 Filtration of Sludge
269(6)
5.12.2.3 Centrifugation
275(3)
5.13 Wastewater Disposal
278(10)
5.13.1 Dilution
278(2)
5.13.2 Disposal into Natural Waters
280(5)
5.13.2.1 Introduction
280(1)
5.13.2.2 Oxygen Renewal and Depletion in Rivers
280(1)
5.13.2.3 Dissolved Oxygen Sag Curves in Rivers
281(4)
5.13.3 Disposal into Lakes
285(2)
5.13.4 Disposal in Estuaries
287(1)
5.14 Homework Problems in Wastewater Collection System, Wastewater Treatment Technology, and Disposal
288(2)
5.14.1 Discussion Problems
288(1)
5.14.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
289(1)
References
290(3)
Chapter 6 Computer Modeling Applications for Municipal Solid Waste Classification, Quantities, Properties, Collection, Processing, Material Separation, and Cost Estimates 293(68)
6.1 Introduction
293(4)
6.2 Physical Properties of Solid Waste
297(9)
6.2.1 Moisture Content
297(1)
6.2.2 Particle Size
298(5)
6.2.3 Permeability of Compacted Waste
303(1)
6.2.4 Apparent Density
303(1)
6.2.5 Angle of Repose
304(1)
6.2.6 Size of Reduction in Volume (Reduction Volume)
304(2)
6.2.7 Material Abrasiveness
306(1)
6.3 Chemical Properties of Solid Waste
306(14)
6.3.1 Fusion Point of Ash (Ash Fusibility)
306(1)
6.3.2 Proximate Analysis
307(1)
6.3.3 Ultimate Analysis
307(1)
6.3.4 Volatile Solids
307(1)
6.3.5 Heat Value of Refuse
307(13)
6.4 Solid Waste Collection
320(5)
6.5 Solid Waste Collection, Processing, and Material Separation
325(5)
6.6 Sanitary Landfill
330(5)
6.7 Biochemical Processes, Combustion, and Energy Recovery
335(11)
6.8 Cost Estimates for Solid Waste Facilities
346(7)
6.8.1 Capital Cost and Capital Recovery Factor
346(2)
6.8.2 Present Worth Value and Present Worth Factor
348(1)
6.8.3 Sinking Fund and Sinking Fund Factor
348(3)
6.8.4 Total Cost
351(2)
6.9 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Municipal Solid Waste Classification, Quantities, Properties, Collection, Processing, Material Separation, and Cost Estimates
353(6)
6.9.1 Discussion Problems
353(4)
6.9.1.1 Solid Waste Research
353(1)
6.9.1.2 Type of Waste
353(1)
6.9.1.3 Solid Waste Types
353(1)
6.9.1.4 Solid Waste Amount
354(1)
6.9.1.5 Solid Waste Properties
354(1)
6.9.1.6 Solid Waste Collection
354(1)
6.9.1.7 Solid Waste Recycling and Reuse
355(1)
6.9.1.8 Solid Waste Treatment
355(1)
6.9.1.9 Solid Waste Finance and Costs
355(2)
6.9.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
357(6)
6.9.2.1 Amount of Solid Waste
357(1)
6.9.2.2 Solid Waste Properties
357(1)
6.9.2.3 Solid Waste Collection
358(1)
6.9.2.4 Solid Waste Treatment and Disposal
358(1)
6.9.2.5 Solid Waste Finance and Cost Analysis
359(1)
References
359(2)
Chapter 7 Computer Modeling Applications for Air Pollution Control Technology 361(94)
7.1 Introduction
361(2)
7.2 Fundamental Concepts in Air Pollution
363(29)
7.2.1 Units of Measurement
363(2)
7.2.2 Mole and Mole Fraction
365(3)
7.2.3 Basic Gas Laws
368(10)
7.2.3.1 Boyle's Law
368(2)
7.2.3.2 Charles's Law
370(4)
7.2.3.3 Ideal Gas Law
374(4)
7.2.4 Van der Waal's Equation
378(3)
7.2.5 Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
381(1)
7.2.6 Henry's Law
382(2)
7.2.7 Clausius-Clapeyron Equation
384(2)
7.2.8 Reynolds Numbers
386(1)
7.2.9 Stoke's Law
387(3)
7.2.10 Particle Size Distribution-Log Normal
390(2)
7.3 Air Pollution Control Technology
392(44)
7.3.1 Settling Chambers
392(4)
7.3.2 Cyclones
396(7)
7.3.3 Electrostatic Precipitators
403(5)
7.3.4 Venturi Scrubbers
408(5)
7.3.5 Baghouse or Fabric Filters
413(4)
7.3.6 Combustion Processes
417(6)
7.3.7 Packed Column Absorption Towers
423(4)
7.3.8 Adsorption
427(9)
7.4 Air Quality Modeling
436(12)
7.4.1 Introduction
436(1)
7.4.2 Effective Stack Height
436(4)
7.4.3 Dispersion Models
440(8)
7.4.3.1 Basic Gaussian Dispersion Model
440(7)
7.4.3.2 U.S. EPA Dispersion Models
447(1)
7.4.3.3 SCREEN2 Dispersion Model
447(1)
7.5 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Air Pollution Control Technology
448(4)
7.5.1 Discussion Problems
448(2)
7.5.2 Specific Mathematical Problems
450(2)
References
452(3)
Chapter 8 Computer Modeling Applications for Noise Pollution and Abatement 455(14)
8.1 Sound and Noise
455(4)
8.2 Effects of Noise
459(1)
8.3 Decibel Scale
459(2)
8.4 Sound Fields from Different Sound Sources
461(4)
8.5 Noise Measurement
465(2)
8.6 Homework Problems in Computer Modeling Applications for Noise Pollution and Abatement
467(1)
8.6.1 Discussion Problems
467(1)
8.6.2 Special Mathematical Problems
467(1)
References
467(2)
Appendices 469(10)
Index 479
Prof. Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, is professor of water resources and environmental engineering at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. He received his BSc in civil engineering from the University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; he has a diploma in hydrology from the University of Padova, Italy; his MSc in sanitary engineering is from Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands; and his PhD in public health engineering is from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.

Dr. Mohammed Isam Mohammed Abdel-Magid, is a graduate of the College of Medicine, the University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. He worked as a physician in the department of internal medicine, Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, and the Ministry of Health, Sultanate of Oman. He is currently working in Doha, Qatar. He is a registered practicing physician with the Sudan Medical Council, the Health Authority of Abu-Dhabi, and the Omani Ministry of Health. He is a full member of the Society for Acute Medicine, the European Society for Emergency Medicine, and the European Respiratory Society.
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