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E-raamat: Concept-Oriented Research and Development in Information Technology

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A pioneering, concept-oriented research and development approach improves business results in technology-driven industries With contributions from IT, systems, and operations experts from around the globe, this book sets forth a tested and proven, concept-oriented R&D approach that far surpasses the results of conventional R&D. The authors explain how to create a clear concept, then build upon that concept by developing a chain of technologies and target markets in order to create, sustain, and grow successful business operations. Real-world examples and case studies from IBM and Hitachi illustrate how the concept-oriented approach can be applied to IT and other technology-driven industries anywhere in the world.

Concept-Oriented Research and Development in Information Technology sheds new light on the complex relationships between concept, technology and market, explaining how all of these elements are enhanced with a concept-oriented R&D approach. Throughout the book, readers will learn a variety of innovative perspectives and methods for concept creation, technology innovation, and market cultivation.





Part I, Introduction, makes the case for a paradigm shift in R&D from a conventional approach to a concept-oriented one. Part II, Concept Creation, liffers four perspectives on the application of the concept-oriented approach. Part III, Fusion of Technologies, illustrates the need to fuse technologies to accommodate rapidly changing and unpredictable demands on business infrastructure. Part IV, Glocalization of Technologies, explains why businesses need to diversify globally, yet remain in tune with local markets. Part V, Conclusions and Future Directions, explores the potential of the concept-oriented approach to evolve with the changing needs of business and R&D.

Concept-Oriented Research and Development in Information Technology helps students and professionals in IT, engineering, systems, and operations approach R&D in new ways that lead to better technologies and better businesses.
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Contributors xxi
PART I INTRODUCTION
1(28)
1 Introduction
3(26)
Kinji Mori
1.1 Factors of Research and Development (R&D) Approaches
5(2)
1.1.1 Needs
5(1)
1.1.2 Subjects
6(1)
1.1.3 Situations
6(1)
1.1.4 Evaluation
6(1)
1.2 R&D Approaches
7(6)
1.2.1 Technology-Oriented R&D
7(2)
1.2.2 Solution-Oriented R&D
9(1)
1.2.3 Concept-Oriented R&D
10(1)
1.2.4 R&D Strategies
11(2)
1.3 Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) Concept and Its R&D
13(16)
1.3.1 Background and Requirements
14(2)
1.3.2 Biological Analogy and Concept
16(2)
1.3.3 System Architecture
18(2)
1.3.4 Chain of Technologies and Markets
20(6)
References
26(3)
PART II CONCEPT CREATION
29(60)
2 Challenges in Technology Education and System Development in Software Ecosystem Environment
35(10)
C. V. Ramamoorthy
Xiaodong Lu
Abstract
35(1)
2.1 Introduction
36(1)
2.2 Importance of Education
37(2)
2.2.1 Current State of Education
37(1)
2.2.2 Skills and Approaches
37(2)
2.3 Needs Engineering
39(1)
2.4 Software Ecosystem
40(3)
2.5 Summary and Conclusions
43(2)
References
44(1)
3 Concept-Oriented Research and Development from Social and Cultural Perspectives
45(10)
Katsuhiko Shirai
Abstract
45(1)
3.1 Introduction
46(1)
3.2 R&D and Engineering Education
47(1)
3.3 R&D and Systems Approach
48(1)
3.4 R&D and Social Demand
49(1)
3.5 Autonomous Decentralized System (ADS) Requirements
49(2)
3.6 Concept Creation and Innovation
51(1)
3.7 Conclusions
52(3)
References
53(2)
4 Roads to Smarter Cities
55(16)
Colin Harrison
Abstract
55(1)
4.1 Introduction
55(1)
4.2 IBM's Strategy
56(5)
4.2.1 Preparing for the Decade of Smart Technology
57(2)
4.2.2 Determining Which Important Problems IBM Should Solve
59(1)
4.2.3 Applying the New Conceptual Framework
60(1)
4.3 Use of Platform in the Deployment Phase
61(2)
4.3.1 Reference Architecture
61(2)
4.3.2 Smarter Planet
63(1)
4.4 Smarter Cities
63(5)
4.4.1 MASDAR City Project
63(2)
4.4.2 Role of Information Technology
65(1)
4.4.3 Global Urban Trends
66(1)
4.4.4 Integrated Intelligent Management System
67(1)
4.5 The Future
68(1)
4.6 Conclusions
69(2)
References
69(2)
5 Advancing Knowledge and Evolving Society
71(18)
Alfonso Fuggetta
Abstract
71(1)
5.1 Introduction
72(1)
5.2 Research and Innovation
72(7)
5.2.1 A Misused Term
72(1)
5.2.2 The Meaning of Innovation
73(3)
5.2.3 Characteristics of Research and Innovation
76(3)
5.3 Innovation and Technology Transfer
79(4)
5.3.1 A Misleading Association
79(1)
5.3.2 The Nature of Technology Transfer
80(3)
5.4 The CEFRIEL Experience
83(3)
5.4.1 Supporting Innovation
83(2)
5.4.2 CEFRIEL
85(1)
5.5 Conclusions
86(3)
References
87(2)
PART III FUSION OF TECHNOLOGIES
89(70)
6 Fusion of Technologies
93(16)
Yinong Chen
Abstract
93(1)
6.1 Introduction
94(1)
6.2 Hardware-Software Fusion
95(1)
6.3 Computing and Communication
95(1)
6.4 Virtual and Physical Reality
96(2)
6.5 Service-Oriented Architecture
98(2)
6.6 Mashup
100(2)
6.7 Cloud Computing
102(3)
6.8 Concept-Oriented System Development
105(1)
6.9 Conclusion
106(3)
References
107(2)
7 Fusion of Computer and Communication
109(14)
Hermann Kopetz
Abstract
109(1)
7.1 Introduction
110(1)
7.2 Historical Perspective
110(2)
7.2.1 Early Days
110(1)
7.2.2 Technology Push versus Application Pull
111(1)
7.2.3 Increasing the Level of Abstraction
111(1)
7.3 System of Systems
112(4)
7.3.1 Basic Concepts
114(1)
7.3.2 Constituent System versus System of Systems
114(2)
7.3.3 A Paradigm Shift in Design
116(1)
7.4 Problem Solving
116(3)
7.4.1 Abstract--Concrete Problem Transformation
117(1)
7.4.2 Problem Solving System (PSS)
117(2)
7.4.3 Relied-on Interfaces
119(1)
7.5 Role of Trust
119(1)
7.6 Example: ATM Application
120(2)
7.6.1 The ATM
120(1)
7.6.2 ATM Client Problem Specification
121(1)
7.6.3 Scope of ATM Application
122(1)
7.7 Conclusions
122(1)
References
122(1)
8 Future of Railway Signaling and Train Control
123(12)
Tang Tao
Xun Jing
Abstract
123(1)
8.1 Introduction
124(1)
8.2 History of Developments in the Train Control Industry
124(2)
8.3 The Current Status of Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC)
126(4)
8.3.1 European Train Control System (ETCS)
126(1)
8.3.2 Chinese Train Control System (CTCS)
127(1)
8.3.3 CBTC in Mass Transit
128(2)
8.4 Future Trends in Train Control Technology
130(2)
8.4.1 From Unattended Train Operation (UTO) to Driverless Train Operation (DTO)
130(1)
8.4.2 From Fixed Block to Moving Block
131(1)
8.4.3 From Decentralization to Centralization
132(1)
8.4.4 From Nonstandard to Standard (Modular)
132(1)
8.5 Conclusion
132(3)
References
133(2)
9 Fusion of Control Systems, Computers, and the Real World
135(12)
Yasushi Fukunaga
Abstract
135(1)
9.1 Introduction
136(1)
9.2 Reseach and Development in the "Chaos Era"
137(2)
9.3 Birth and Development of the Computer Control System
139(1)
9.4 New ICT System
140(3)
9.5 Conclusion and Proposed Future Expansion
143(4)
Acknowledgments
144(1)
References
144(3)
10 Fusion of Computer, Communication, and Control Technologies: Needs and Strategies
147(12)
Masayoshi Tomizuka
Abstract
147(1)
10.1 Introduction
148(1)
10.2 Dynamic Systems and Control
148(3)
10.2.1 Historical Perspective
148(2)
10.2.2 Kalman Filtering
150(1)
10.2.3 Rule-Based Control
151(1)
10.3 Computers in Control Systems
151(1)
10.4 Networked Control Systems
152(1)
10.5 Communications in Robotics
153(1)
10.6 Vehicle Applications
153(2)
10.7 Cyberphysical Systems
155(1)
10.8 National Science Foundation
155(1)
10.9 Conclusions
156(3)
References
157(2)
PART IV GLOCALIZATION
159(62)
11 Glocalization of the Market
161(12)
Masaki Ogata
Abstract
161(1)
11.1 Introduction
161(2)
11.2 The Term Glocalization
163(4)
11.3 Concept Creation
167(1)
11.4 Fusion of Technologies
167(1)
11.5 Market Glocalization
167(3)
11.5.1 Organization
167(1)
11.5.2 Intellectual Property
168(1)
11.5.3 Value
168(1)
11.5.4 Innovation Chain
168(2)
11.6 Conclusion
170(3)
References
172(1)
12 Thinking Globally, Acting Locally and Thinking Locally, Acting Globally
173(10)
Cathy Lasser
Abstract
173(1)
12.1 Introduction
174(2)
12.2 Transformation Framework
176(1)
12.3 Value-Based Culture
177(1)
12.4 Collaborative Innovation
178(1)
12.5 A Smarter Planet: Collaboration and the Future of Work
179(2)
12.6 Conclusion
181(2)
Reference
181(2)
13 Glocalization: Market Cultivation and the Future of Standards
183(12)
Richard Mark Soley
Abstract
183(1)
13.1 Introduction
184(1)
13.2 Innovation
184(1)
13.3 Standards
185(2)
13.4 Market Ecosystem
187(1)
13.5 Approaches to Developing Standards
188(2)
13.6 Globalization
190(1)
13.7 Glocalization
191(1)
13.8 Successful Standards
192(1)
13.9 Future of Standards
192(1)
13.10 Smart Energy Grids
193(1)
13.11 Conclusion
194(1)
References
194(1)
14 Smart Urban Infrastructure as an Enabler of the Integration of Resident-Oriented Services
195(14)
Yukio Toyoshima
Michinaga Kohno
Abstract
195(1)
14.1 Introduction
196(1)
14.2 New Trends in Urban Development
196(3)
14.2.1 Activities Aimed at Creating Low-Carbon Cities
196(1)
14.2.2 Large Urban Developments in Emerging Markets
197(1)
14.2.3 Emergence of New Players
197(1)
14.2.4 Resilience against Disasters
198(1)
14.3 Authors' Concept of Smart Cities
199(5)
14.3.1 Modeling of Smart Cities
199(3)
14.3.2 Creation of New Values
202(2)
14.4 "Glocal" Deployment of Smart Cities
204(5)
14.4.1 Deployment of Smart Cities in General
204(1)
14.4.2 Kashiwa City
204(1)
14.4.3 Projects in China
205(1)
14.4.4 Projects in Europe and the United States
206(1)
14.4.5 Recovery in Cities and Towns Devastated by the 2011 Tsunami
207(1)
Acknowledgments
207(1)
References
207(2)
15 Summary of Market Glocalization
209(12)
Masaki Ogata
Abstract
209(1)
15.1 Introduction
209(2)
15.2 Organization
211(2)
15.3 Standardization
213(2)
15.4 Diversification
215(1)
15.5 Smart Grid
216(3)
15.6 Conclusion
219(2)
PART V CONCLUSION
221(8)
16 Conclusions and Future Directions
223(6)
Kinji Mori
Index 229
KINJI MORI, PhD, is Professor in the Department of Green Computing Systems Research Organization at Waseda University, Japan and Professor Emeritus at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan in the Department of Computer Science. Previously, Dr. Mori worked at Hitachi as Chief Researcher. He is a Fellow of IEEE and IEICE. Dr. Mori is the pioneer of the concept-oriented research and development, and he proposed the Autonomous Decentralized Systems Concept and realized its concept-oriented technologies and applications. He founded the IEEE International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems. Dr. Mori holds more than 350 patents and has received the Special Distinguished Ichimura Award, the Japan Patent Award, and the Research Achievement Award in Japan, among others.
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