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E-raamat: Concessionaires, Financiers and Communities: Implementing Indigenous Peoples' Rights to Land in Transnational Development Projects

(Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2020
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108659680
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 19-Mar-2020
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108659680

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Confronts overlooked questions about how the hidden legal rules, private mechanisms and behaviours that shape capital investment matter for rights implementation in our financialised times. It will appeal to those interested in interfaces between Indigenous land rights, public-private development projects, finance, business and vulnerability.

Unrelenting demands for energy, infrastructure and natural resources, and the need for developing states to augment income and signal an 'enterprise-ready' attitude mean that transnational development projects remain a common tool for economic development. Yet little is known about the fragmented legal framework of private financial mechanisms, contractual clauses and discretionary behaviours that shape modern development projects. How do gaps and biases in formal laws cope with the might of concessionaires and financiers and their algorithmic contractual and policy technicalities negotiated in private offices? What impacts do private legal devices have for the visibility and implementation of Indigenous peoples' rights to land? This original perspective on transnational development projects explains how the patterns of poor rights recognition and implementation, power(lessness), vulnerability and, ultimately, conflict routinely seen in development projects will only be fully appreciated by acknowledging and remedying the pivotal role and priority enjoyed by private mechanisms, documentation and expertise.

Arvustused

'The book shows how difficult it is to retrieve meaningful free prior informed consent from indigenous peoples in practice often making it illusory. It elaborates on the role of financial institutions in project finance and asset-based lending regarding energy projects, and includes helpful steps to adapt traditional legal approaches exacerbating these issues. A must-have for those in financial institutions dealing with land rights issues.' Martijn W. Scheltema, Professor, Erasmus University Rotterdam 'This book offers a highly original analysis of development projects around the globe, untangling the complexities of protecting the rights of indigenous people who subsequently face devastations of their ways of life. The originality here lies in tracing the hybrid structuring of a global jurisprudence of indigenous rights, one which includes public forms of law and regulation, private contractual mechanisms, and project finance arrangements. A commendable achievement.' Ronen Shamir, Tel-Aviv University 'Concessionaires, Financiers and Communities offers an indispensable, insider's account of development financing and the multiple entry points through which the land rights of indigenous peoples are sidelined. With clarity and insight, Dr Kinnari Bhatt navigates the private and public hyper plurality of norms, and the power and practices at play. Rich with straightforward recommendations, this book is essential reading for scholars and practitioners alike.' Margot E. Salomon, Associate Professor, Law Department, London School of Economics and Political Science and Francqui European Chair 201819 'Bhatt's unique book offers a powerful double-edged sword to the literature on transnational economic law, laying detailed empirical siege on the orthodoxies which fortify the fields of both private commercial law and public international law in the process Concessionaires, Financiers and Communities offers a wealth of insight into the real world machinations of capital, law and the social impacts of development projects. The conceptual implications of this largely empirically-focused book for the field of transnational law are also significant, and it has catalysed wider conversations within the field about the impact of private actors on the rule of law The book's exceptional integrity and faithfulness to the real-world dimensions of transnational law, however, is itself a conceptual and methodological contribution.' Jennifer R. Lander, Social and Legal Studies

Muu info

The untold story of how concessionaires, financiers and hidden private legal devices, implement and shape Indigenous peoples' rights to land.
Preface: The Bigger Picture xi
Acknowledgements xviii
1 Development Projects, Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights and Rights Implementation
1(22)
1 Contextualising the Interface between Development Projects and Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights
1(6)
2 Focus of the Book
7(2)
3 Linking Project Finance and Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights
9(3)
4
Chapter Outline
12(5)
5 Core Themes
17(6)
5.1 Fragmentation and (In)Visibility
18(1)
5.2 Power(lessness), Delegation and Priority
18(1)
5.3 Fairness and Predictability in the Rule of Law
19(1)
5.4 Integration as Part of Remedy
20(3)
2 Characteristics of Indigenous Peoples and Development Projects
23(23)
1 Indigenous Peoples
23(1)
2 On Transnational Development Projects
24(22)
2.1 Algorithmic, Boilerplate, For-Profit Structures
25(1)
2.2 The Special Role of Financial Actors: Delegating Safeguarding Policies and the Interface with Rights
26(13)
2.3 Diminished Role of the State
39(7)
3 Is This Legal?
46(37)
3 In the Shadows of the Operational Development Project: Coping Strategies, Lacunas and Fragmentation in the Formal Legal Framework
52(1)
1 Summarising the Implementation Gap and Values in the Formal Legal Framework
52(2)
2 Legal Strategies for Implementing Free, Prior and Informed Consent
54(3)
3 Challenges around Implementing Consultation Strategies
57(5)
3.1 Lack of Indigenous Veto and Legal Priority to Development
57(2)
3.2 Powerful Interests Fragmenting Legal Rights
59(3)
4 Unveiling Legal Values on Implementing Rights to Property through Jurisprudential Strands
62(6)
4.1 A Disingenuous Approach to Aboriginal Rights and Tide
62(3)
4.2 A Neoliberal Approach to the Development of Aboriginal Rights
65(3)
5 Underdeveloped Compensation Strategies
68(1)
6 Poor Enforcement
69(2)
7 Deficits in Legal Accountability for Private Actors in Transnational Development Projects
71(6)
8 Lost in the Space of International Law: The UN Guiding Principles, Transnational Development Projects and Fragmented Private Due Diligence
77(6)
4 Bridging the Gap through the Elephant in the Room? Private Mechanisms and Behaviours for Implementing Indigenous Peoples' Rights to Land
83(40)
1 An Introduction to Private Mechanisms in Development Projects
83(5)
1.1 The Effectiveness of Private Mechanisms in Two Fields
84(3)
1.2 Can Integration of Public and Private Mechanisms Help or Hinder Effectiveness?
87(1)
2 Opening the Black Box of Asset-Based Lending
88(2)
3 Contractual Interfaces and Behaviours: Tensions between Project Finance Mechanisms, Policy Implementation and Indigenous Rights to Land
90(33)
3.1 What Is Project Finance? Secure Investment and Insecure Rights
92(6)
3.2 Three Phases of Project Finance Interface with Indigenous Peoples' Land Rights
98(1)
3.3 Private Documentation and Behaviours Relating to the Three Phases of Indigenous Interfaces
98(1)
3.4 The Development Stage
99(2)
3.4.1 Existing Practices on Land and Resettlement in the Development Stage
101(1)
3.4.1.1 The Preliminary Information Memorandum
101(1)
3.4.1.2 Concession Contracts
102(4)
3.4.1.3 Host Government Support Agreements and Non-discrimination Clauses
106(2)
3.5 The Construction and Financing Stages: Raising the Red Flag
108(2)
3.5.1 The Impact of Interest Rates and Liquidated Construction Damages
110(1)
3.5.2 The Hidden Dynamics and Dilemmas of Completion Guarantees
111(1)
3.5.3 Completion Certification
112(1)
3.5.4 The (Un)happy Interface of Finance Documents with Lender Performance Standards
113(1)
3.5.4.1 Promising Compliance through Lender Performance Standards
114(3)
3.5.4.2 Conditions Precedent
117(1)
3.5.4.3 Event of Default Lite
118(5)
5 Discretion, Delegation, Fragmentation and Opacity: Impacts of Financing Mechanisms in Mongolia and Panama
123(22)
1 The Oyu Tolgoi Project in Mongolia
124(12)
1.1 Connecting Project Finance with the Political Economy of Development in Mongolia
127(2)
1.2 The Oyu Tolgoi Investment Agreement
129(1)
1.3 Aligning the Implementation of Lender Performance Standards with Market Thinking
129(7)
2 The Barro Blanco Project in Panama
136(9)
2.1 Deficient Lender Due Diligence, Project Financing and International Law
139(1)
2.2 The Ombudsman Panel: Translating Applicable Law and Creating a Legal Black Hole
140(5)
6 Pricing for Poverty: Project Finance, Power Purchase Agreements and Structural Inequities in Uganda
145(17)
1 Background to the Project
147(3)
2 The Relationship between the Power Purchase Agreement, People-First PPPs and the Sustainable Development Goals
150(1)
3 What Can We Learn from the Bujagali PPP?
151(11)
3.1 Delegating Resettlement to Private Actors: Links between Law, Policy and Vulnerability
152(4)
3.2 The Nexus between Power Pricing and Poverty
156(6)
7 Negotiating Land Outcomes: A Comparative Look at Concessionaires, Indigenous Peoples and Power
162(22)
1 The Problematic Conditions around Agreement-Making
163(2)
2 Gaps in Existing Studies
165(2)
3 Concessionaire Mischief: Illustrations from Agreements in Russia and Suriname
167(7)
4 The Rio Tinto Approach in Australia: Communities as Project Stakeholders
174(7)
5 Leaving Your Principles at Home? A Comparative Look at Rio in Mongolia
181(3)
8 Moving Forward
184(21)
1 Regulatory Deficit
184(5)
2 Contractual Clauses
189(2)
3 Incentives and Culture
191(1)
4 Ecosystem of Remedies
192(1)
5 Proposed Remedial Agenda
192(13)
5.1 Legal and Regulatory Oversight
193(5)
5.2 Codes of Practice
198(5)
5.3 Research and Advocacy
203(2)
Index 205
Kinnari I. Bhatt is a post-doctoral researcher at Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. She worked as a project finance lawyer with leading global law firms White and Case and Milbank, Tweed Hadley and McCloy in London and Asia and acted as a legal adviser to the Ministry of Mineral Resources in Sierra Leone. She advises NGOs on issues of equitable natural resource management and has taught courses on legal aspects of international finance and project finance at the University of East Anglia and University College London.