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E-raamat: Conspiracy Theories: A Reference Handbook

(Huntington University, USA)
  • Formaat: 304 pages
  • Sari: Contemporary World Issues
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Apr-2024
  • Kirjastus: Bloomsbury Academic
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781440877711
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: 304 pages
  • Sari: Contemporary World Issues
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Apr-2024
  • Kirjastus: Bloomsbury Academic
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781440877711

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A comprehensive guide to the history and current shape of conspiracy theories in American life, including the findings of research seeking to understand their origins, type, function, and widespread appeal.This all-in-one resource provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of conspiracy theories past and present, in all their many forms. Taking an evenhanded, scholarly approach, the book outlines the longer history of conspiracy theories, starting with Ancient Greece and Rome and continuing the story up to the present day, including analysis of 9/11, anti-vaccine, COVID, and QAnon theories. It surveys an array of current books and articles to try to understand why people believe in and act on outlandish and evidence-free conspiracy theories.Notably, this resource also outlines the problems created by untrue conspiracy theories in terms of their negative impact on public debate, trust in others, and efforts to nurture an informed and educated citizenry. Instead, many conspiracy claims have become sources of misinformation, cynicism, and polarization. This book will benefit anyone who seeks a pathway through our current epistemic crisis in which the lines between fact and fiction—and between truth and falsehood—have become blurred.Includes graphs, charts, and primary documents offering different contextual vantage points for understanding the origins, attraction, and impact of conspiracy theoriesOffers a suite of insightful personal and scholarly perspectives on conspiracy theoriesProfiles influential individuals and organizations known for developing and advancing—or debunking—widely known conspiracy theoriesIdentifies and explains key events, controversies, and other social and political contributors to conspiracy theories This all-in-one resource provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of conspiracy theories past and present, in all their many forms. Taking an evenhanded, scholarly approach, the book outlines the longer history of conspiracy theories, starting with Ancient Greece and Rome and continuing the story up to the present day, including analysis of 9/11, anti-vaccine, COVID, and QAnon theories. It surveys an array of current books and articles to try to understand why people believe in and act on outlandish and evidence-free conspiracy theories.Notably, this resource also outlines the problems created by untrue conspiracy theories in terms of their negative impact on public debate, trust in others, and efforts to nurture an informed and educated citizenry. Instead, many conspiracy claims have become sources of misinformation, cynicism, and polarization. This book will benefit anyone who seeks a pathway through our current epistemic crisis in which the lines between fact and fiction—and between truth and falsehood—have become blurred. A comprehensive guide to the history and current shape of conspiracy theories in American life, including the findings of research seeking to understand their origins, type, function, and widespread appeal-- Provides a comprehensive guide to the history and current shape of conspiracy theories in American life, including the findings of research seeking to understand their origins, type, function, and widespread appeal.This all-in-one resource provides an accessible overview of conspiracy theories past and present in all their many forms. Taking an even-handed, scholarly approach, the book outlines the longer history of conspiracy theories, starting with Ancient Greece and Rome and continuing the story up to the present day, including analysis of 9/11, anti-vaccine, COVID, and QAnon theories. It surveys an array of current books and articles to try to understand why people believe in and act on outlandish and evidence-free conspiracy theories.Notably, this resource also outlines the problems created by untrue conspiracy theories in terms of their negative impact on public debate, trust in others, and efforts to nurture an informed and educated citizenry. Instead, many conspiracy claims have become sources of misinformation, cynicism, and polarization. This book will benefit anyone who seeks a pathway through our current epistemic crisis in which the lines between fact and fiction-and between truth and falsehood-have become blurred.

Arvustused

Webb adeptly details how belief in conspiracies chip away at a populations trust in the very elements that constitute a society. The ­author does a great job detailing conspiracies without assigning blame, merely pointing out the flaws in logic inherent to those theories... A solid reference book for curious and astute high school students. * School Library Journal * This compelling reference work is a valuable resource about a potentially dangerous contemporary subject. Give to readers seeking to understand the roots and repercussions of conspiracy thinking. * Library Journal * This title provides thoughtful context and perspective on todays conspiracy theories, and is a definite recommendation for academics, college students, and other serious readers. * Booklist *

Muu info

A comprehensive guide to the history and current shape of conspiracy theories in American life, including the findings of research seeking to understand their origins, type, function, and widespread appeal.
Preface

Chapter 1: Background and History

Understanding Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy Theories in Ancient Times
Conspiracy Theories in the Medieval Era
The Early Modern Era
Machiavelli and the Conspiracy Mindset
Religious Tensions Provide Fertile Ground for Conspiracies
Puritans and Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy Theories Arrive in the New World
A New Outlook in Colonial America
Conspiracy Theories and the American Revolution
Conspiracy Theories in the French Revolution
The Illuminati Conspiracy Theory
The Illuminati Conspiracy Theory in the United States
Anti-Masonic Conspiracy Theories in the United States
Conspiracy Theories in the U.S. Civil War Era
Gilded Age Conspiracies and Conspiracy Theories
The New Immigrants and Anti-Semitic Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy Theories in Science, Technology, and Medicine
Conspiracy Theories in the Mid-Twentieth Century
The JFK Assassination Conspiracy Theory Phenomenon
Toward the New Millennium
Contemporary Anti-Government Conspiracy Theories
Conspiracy Theories Since 2000

Chapter 2: Problems, Controversies, Solutions

Problems

- Defining a Concept and Describing a Practice

Hofstadters Framework
Expanding the Framework
Conspiracy Theories as Stigmatized Knowledge
Understanding the Audience for Conspiracy Theories

- Misinformation and Disinformation

Rules of Evidence and Logic
Conspiracy Theories in the Digital Age

- Public Nuisance and Public Harm

Ideas Can Be Dangerous
The Plandemic Epidemic
The Sandy Hook Conspiracy Theory

- Weakening Credibility of Experts

The Need for Experts
9/11 Conspiracy Theories and the 9/11 Commission Report
COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories and Public Health Experts

Controversies

Origins of QAnon
QAnon and Donald Trump
The January 6 Insurrection
The Right-Wing Media
The Anti-Government Militia Movement
Christian Nationalism
Truth, Belief, Reality

Solutions

The Marketplace of Ideas
Debunking Conspiracy Theories
Tracking and Exposing Conspiracy Theories
Legal Action Against Conspiracy Theorists
Mental Health Intervention
Deplatforming Conspiracy Theory Spreaders
Educating the Next Generation in Media Literacy

Research on Conspiracy Theories

How Conspiracy Theorists Make Their Arguments
Predictors and Determinants of Conspiracy Belief
The Importance of Information Environments
Effects of Conspiracy Theory Adherence

References

Chapter 3: Perspectives

Conspiracy Theories and Myth-Making
Christopher R. Fee

Thinking Socially About Conspiracy Theories
Jeffrey S. Debies-Carl

Evangelical Christian Culture and Conspiratorial Tendencies
Jared S. Burkholder

Conspiracy Theories in Turkey
Andrew Wickersham

How to Spot Fake Health News
Bill Sullivan

Veterans and Conspiracy Theories
Michael T. Gambone

The Warped Epistemology of Conspiracy Theories
Maarten Boudry


Chapter 4: Profiles

Augustin Barruel (1741-1820)

John Robison (1739-1805)

Lebbeus Armstrong (1175-1860)

Thomas R. Whitney (1807-1858)

John Smith Dye (c.1821-1881)

Henry Ford (1863-1947)

John Thomas Flynn (1882-1964)

Donald Edward Keyhoe (1897-1988)

Dan Smoot (1913-2003)

Richard Condon (1915-1996)

Mark Lane (1927-2016)

Robert H. W. Welch, Jr. (1899-1985)

Milton William Cooper (1943-2001)

Louis Farrakhan (1933- )

Pat Robertson (1930-2023)

Alex Jones (1974- )

David Vaughan Icke (1952- )

Ian R. Crane (1956-2021)

Chapter 5: Data and Documents


Documents

Document 5.1 - Misinformation, Conspiracy Theories, and Infodemics (2020)

Document 5.2 - Fanning the Flames: Disinformation and Extremism in The Media
(2021)

Document 5.3 Links Between Conspiracy Theories and White Supremacist
Violence (2022)

Document 5.4 Calling for a National Day of Reason (2023)

Document 5.5 - How Conspiratorial Thinking is Undermining Democracy (2023)


Chapter 6: Resources

Chapter 7: Chronology

Glossary

About the Author

Index
Jeffrey B. Webb is Professor of History at Huntington University, USA