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E-raamat: Construction Science and Materials

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119245087
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Construction Science and MaterialsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 09-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119245087
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Construction Science & Materials is designed to cover topics studied at levels 2 – 5 on Construction HND courses and is also suitable for first year undergraduates on construction courses as well as Building surveying, Architectural Technology and Quantity Surveying. It is an essential text for those who have done no science since their GCSEs.
Divided into 17 chapters, each with written explanations supplemented by solved examples and relevant diagrams to substantiate the text. Chapters end with numerical questions covering a range of problems and their answers are given at the end of the book and on the book’s website.

Preface to the Second Edition xv
About the Companion Website xvii
1 Introduction to Physics 1(12)
1.1 Speed and Velocity
1(1)
1.2 Acceleration
1(1)
1.3 Mass
2(1)
1.4 Gravitation
2(1)
1.5 Weight
3(1)
1.6 Volume
4(1)
1.7 Density
4(2)
1.8 Specific Gravity
6(1)
1.9 Newton's First Law of Motion
6(1)
1.10 Newton's Second Law of Motion
6(1)
1.11 Newton's Third Law of Motion
7(1)
1.12 Friction
7(1)
1.13 Work
8(1)
1.14 Energy
9(2)
1.14.1 Potential Energy
9(1)
1.14.2 Kinetic Energy
10(1)
1.15 Power
11(1)
Exercise 1.1
12(1)
Reference/Further Reading
12(1)
2 Introduction to Chemistry 13(12)
2.1 Introduction
13(2)
2.2 Electrovalency and Covalency
15(3)
2.2.1 Covalent Bond
17(1)
2.3 Elements and Compounds
18(1)
2.4 Symbols and Formulae
19(1)
2.5 Acids and Bases
20(2)
2.5.1 Acids
20(1)
2.5.2 Bases
21(1)
Exercise 2.1
22(1)
References/Further Reading
23(2)
3 Effects of Chemicals and the Atmosphere on Materials 25(10)
3.1 Introduction
25(1)
3.2 Oxidation
25(2)
3.2.1 Experiment: To Show that Oxygen (Or Air) and Water are Necessary for the Rusting of Iron
26(1)
3.3 Electrolysis
27(1)
3.4 Electrolytic Corrosion
28(4)
3.4.1 Examples of Electrolytic Corrosion
30(1)
3.4.2 Protection of Steel from Corrosion
31(1)
3.5 Applications of Electrolysis
32(1)
3.5.1 Electroplating
32(1)
3.5.2 Extraction of Aluminium
32(1)
3.6 Acid Rain
33(1)
References/Further Reading
33(2)
4 Electricity 35(16)
4.1 Introduction
35(1)
4.2 Coulomb's Law
35(1)
4.3 Electric Current
36(1)
4.4 Potential Difference
36(1)
4.5 Electromotive Force (e.m.f.)
37(1)
4.6 Ohm's Law
37(2)
4.7 Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity
39(1)
4.8 Resistors in Series/Parallel
39(4)
4.8.1 Resistors in Series
39(1)
4.8.2 Resistors in Parallel
40(3)
4.9 Transformers
43(1)
4.10 Power Generation
44(1)
4.11 Power Distribution
45(2)
4.12 Supply to Small Buildings
47(1)
Exercise 4.1
48(1)
Reference/Further Reading
49(2)
5 Introduction to Construction Technology 51(12)
5.1 Introduction
51(1)
5.2 Substructure and Superstructure
51(2)
5.2.1 Soil Investigation
52(1)
5.3 Foundations
53(2)
5.3.1 Settlement
54(1)
5.4 Forms of Construction
55(1)
5.5 The External Envelope
56(5)
5.5.1 Functions of the External Envelope
57(3)
5.5.2 Ground Floors
60(1)
5.5.3 Cavity Walls
61(1)
5.5.4 Suspended Timber Upper Floors
61(1)
5.5.5 Roofs
61(1)
References/Further Reading
61(2)
6 Introduction to Building Services 63(10)
6.1 Introduction
63(1)
6.2 Cold Water Supply
63(2)
6.3 Hot Water Supply
65(1)
6.4 Central Heating Systems
65(1)
6.5 Underfloor Heating Systems
66(1)
6.6 Drainage Systems
67(1)
6.6.1 Below-ground Drainage System
67(1)
6.6.2 Above-ground Drainage System
68(1)
6.7 Integration of Services into Building Design
68(4)
References/Further Reading
72(1)
7 Thermal Energy 1 73(14)
7.1 Introduction
73(1)
7.2 Temperature
73(1)
7.2.1 Temperature Scales
74(1)
7.3 Units of Heat
74(1)
7.4 States of Matter
75(2)
7.4.1 Changes in the Physical State
75(1)
7.4.2 Experiment: The Physical States of Water
75(2)
7.5 Expansion and Contraction of Solids
77(4)
7.5.1 Linear Expansion
77(1)
7.5.2 Experiment: Determination of Coefficient of Linear Expansion
78(1)
7.5.3 Practical Examples of Expansion and Contraction
79(2)
7.6 Heat Transfer
81(5)
7.6.1 Conduction
81(3)
7.6.2 Experiment: To Compare the Thermal Conductivity of Metals
84(1)
7.6.3 Convection
84(1)
7.6.4 Radiation
85(1)
Exercise 7.1
86(1)
References/Further Reading
86(1)
8 Thermal Energy 2 (Including Humidity) 87(32)
8.1 Introduction
87(1)
8.2 Thermal Insulation
87(3)
8.2.1 Experiment: To Compare the Thermal Insulation Values of Expanded Polystyrene, Vermiculite, Mineral Wool, Glass Fibre and Cork
88(2)
8.3 Heat Transmission
90(2)
8.3.1 Thermal Conductivity
90(1)
8.3.2 Thermal Resistivity (r)
91(1)
8.3.3 Thermal Resistance (R)
91(1)
8.4 Thermal Transmittance
92(6)
8.5 Heat Loss from Buildings
98(4)
8.6 Temperature Drop Through Materials
102(2)
8.7 Humidity
104(3)
8.7.1 Measurement of Relative Humidity
105(2)
8.8 Condensation
107(9)
8.8.1 The Psychrometric Chart
108(1)
8.8.2 Prevention of Surface Condensation
108(8)
8.8.3 Interstitial Condensation 110
Exercise 8.1
116(1)
References/Further Reading
117(2)
9 Forces and Structures 1 119(16)
9.1 Introduction
119(1)
9.2 Force
119(1)
9.2.1 Internal and External Forces
120(1)
9.3 Bending
120(3)
9.3.1 Deflection
122(1)
9.4 Types of Loading
123(3)
9.4.1 Dead Load
123(1)
9.4.2 Imposed Load
123(1)
9.4.3 Wind Load
123(1)
9.4.4 Loading from other Effects
123(1)
9.4.5 Point Load
123(2)
9.4.6 Uniformly Distributed Load
125(1)
9.4.7 Triangular Load
125(1)
9.5 Stress and Strain
126(2)
9.5.1 Stress
127(1)
9.5.2 Strain
127(1)
9.6 Elasticity
128(4)
9.6.1 Experiment 1: Proof of Hooke's Law
128(1)
9.6.2 Experiment 2: Proof of Hooke's Law
129(2)
9.6.3 Factor of Safety
131(1)
Exercise 9.1
132(1)
References/Further Reading
133(2)
10 Forces and Structures 2 135(36)
10.1 Moment of a Force
135(4)
10.1.1 Sign Convention
136(3)
10.2 Laws of Equilibrium
139(1)
10.3 Analysis of Beams
139(17)
10.3.1 Beam Reactions
139(5)
10.3.2 Shear Force (S.F.)
144(5)
10.3.3 Bending Moment (B.M.)
149(7)
10.4 Triangle of Forces
156(10)
10.4.1 Bow's Notation
159(2)
10.4.2 Frames and Roof Trusses
161(5)
Exercise 10.1
166(3)
References/Further Reading
169(2)
11 Forces and Structures 3 171(22)
11.1 Introduction
171(1)
11.2 Beams
171(4)
11.2.1 Tension and Compression in Beams
171(1)
11.2.2 Shear
172(1)
11.2.3 Deflection
173(1)
11.2.4 Lateral Buckling
174(1)
11.3 Reinforced Concrete (R.C.) Beams
175(2)
11.3.1 Shear Reinforcement
175(2)
11.4 Steel Beams
177(2)
11.4.1 Bending
177(1)
11.4.2 Plastic Hinge
178(1)
11.4.3 Shear
178(1)
11.5 Timber Joists
179(3)
11.5.1 Failures in Timber Joists
180(1)
11.5.2 Lateral Buckling
181(1)
11.6 Slabs
182(1)
11.7 Columns
183(5)
11.7.1 Slenderness Ratio
183(1)
11.7.2 Effective Height of Columns
184(2)
11.7.3 Eccentric Loading on Columns
186(1)
11.7.4 Steel Columns
187(1)
11.7.5 Reinforced Concrete Columns
188(1)
11.8 Foundations
188(4)
11.8.1 Strip Foundation
189(1)
11.8.2 Pad Foundation
190(1)
11.8.3 Other Foundations
191(1)
References/Further Reading
192(1)
12 Fluid Mechanics 193(18)
12.1 Introduction
193(1)
12.2 Pressure of Fluids at Rest
193(3)
12.3 Why do Liquids Flow?
196(1)
12.4 Centre of Pressure
197(2)
12.5 The Flow of a Fluid
199(9)
12.5.1 Flow Rate
200(1)
12.5.2 Bernoulli's Theorem
201(3)
12.5.3 The Venturimeter
204(1)
12.5.4 Flow in Pipes: Energy Loss
205(1)
12.5.5 Flow in Open Channels
206(2)
Exercise 12.1
208(2)
References/Further Reading
210(1)
13 Sound 211(24)
13.1 Introduction
211(1)
13.2 Frequency, Wavelength and Velocity of Sound
212(2)
13.2.1 Frequency (f)
212(1)
13.2.2 Wavelength (lambda)
212(1)
13.2.3 Velocity (v)
212(2)
13.3 Measurement of Sound
214(3)
13.3.1 Threshold Values of Sound
215(1)
13.3.2 The Decibel Scale
215(2)
13.4 Addition of Sound Levels
217(2)
13.4.1 Approximate Addition of Sound Levels
217(2)
13.5 Transmission of Sound in Buildings
219(6)
13.5.1 Noise
220(1)
13.5.2 Requirements of Sound Insulation
220(1)
13.5.3 Sound-Insulation Techniques
221(3)
13.5.4 Noise in a Workplace
224(1)
13.5.5 Measurement of Sound Insulation
224(1)
13.6 Sound Absorption
225(7)
13.6.1 Reverberation
227(1)
13.6.2 Reverberation Time
227(4)
13.6.3 Types of Sound Absorbers
231(1)
13.7 Sound-level Meter
232(1)
Exercise 13.1
232(1)
References/Further Reading
233(2)
14 Light 235(30)
14.1 Introduction
235(1)
14.2 Additive and Subtractive Colours
236(1)
14.3 Measuring Light
237(3)
14.3.1 Angular Measure
237(1)
14.3.2 Solid Angle
237(1)
14.3.3 Luminous Intensity (I)
238(1)
14.3.4 Luminous Flux (F)
238(1)
14.3.5 Illuminance (E)
239(1)
14.3.6 Luminance
239(1)
14.4 Inverse Square Law of Illuminance
240(1)
14.5 Lambert's Cosine Law of Illuminance
241(2)
14.6 Lamps and Luminaires
243(2)
14.7 Design of Interior Lighting
245(13)
147.1 Light Output Ratio
246(1)
14.7.2 Direct Ratio
246(1)
14.7.3 Room Index
247(1)
14.7.4 Reflection of Light
247(1)
14.7.5 Level of Illuminance
247(2)
14.7.6 Utilisation Factor (UF)
249(1)
14.7.7 Maintenance Factor (MF)
249(3)
14.7.8 Lumen Design Method
252(1)
14.7.9 SHR
253(5)
14.8 Light Meter
258(1)
14.9 Daylighting
258(3)
14.9.1 Uniform Sky
258(1)
14.9.2 CIE Standard Overcast Sky
258(1)
14.9.3 Daylight Factor
259(2)
Exercise 14.1
261(2)
References/Further Reading
263(2)
15 Human Comfort 265(8)
15.1 Introduction
265(1)
15.2 Temperature
265(3)
15.2.1 Air Temperature
266(1)
15.2.2 Mean Radiant Temperature
267(1)
15.2.3 Environmental Temperature
267(1)
15.2.4 Dry Resultant Temperature
267(1)
15.2.5 Activity
268(1)
15.2.6 Clothing
268(1)
15.3 Air Movement
268(1)
15.4 Humidity
269(1)
15.5 Ventilation
269(1)
15.6 Predicted Mean Vote
269(1)
15.7 Noise
270(1)
15.8 Lighting
271(1)
References/Further Reading
272(1)
16 Construction Materials 273(34)
16.1 Introduction
273(1)
16.2 Bricks
274(5)
16.2.1 Clay Bricks
274(1)
16.2.2 Size
274(1)
16.2.3 Classification
275(1)
16.2.4 Manufacture
275(1)
16.2.5 Properties
275(2)
16.2.6 Deterioration of Brickwork
277(1)
16.2.7 Environmental Implications
278(1)
16.2.8 COSHH
278(1)
16.3 Aerated Concrete Blocks
279(1)
16.3.1 Manufacture
279(1)
16.3.2 Size
279(1)
16.3.3 Properties
279(1)
16.3.4 Environmental Implications
280(1)
16.4 Cement
280(4)
16.4.1 Raw Materials
281(1)
16.4.2 Manufacture
281(1)
16.4.3 Setting and Hardening of Cement
282(1)
16.4.4 Constituents of Portland Cement
282(1)
16.4.5 Types of Cement
282(1)
16.4.6 Compressive Strength
283(1)
16.4.7 Environmental Implications
284(1)
16.4.8 COSHH
284(1)
16.5 Concrete
284(7)
16.5.1 Raw Materials
285(1)
16.5.2 Manufacture of Concrete
285(1)
16.5.3 Concrete Mix
285(2)
16.5.4 Properties of Fresh Concrete
287(2)
16.5.5 Properties of Hardened Concrete
289(1)
16.5.6 Deterioration of Concrete
290(1)
16.5.7 Environmental Implications
291(1)
16.6 Metals
291(5)
16.6.1 Ferrous Metals
291(4)
16.6.2 Non-Ferrous Metal: Aluminium
295(1)
16.7 Timber
296(4)
16.7.1 Seasoning
297(1)
16.7.2 Properties
298(1)
16.7.3 Deterioration
299(1)
16.7.4 Preservation
300(1)
16.7.5 Environmental Implications
300(1)
16.8 Plastics
300(3)
16.8.1 Raw Materials and Manufacture
301(1)
16.8.2 Classification
301(1)
16.8.3 Properties and Uses
302(1)
16.9 Glass
303(3)
16.9.1 Properties
303(2)
16.9.2 Types of Glass
305(1)
References/Further Reading
306(1)
17 Assignments 307(6)
17.1 Assignments for Level 2 Courses
307(1)
17.1.1 Assignment No. 1
307(1)
17.1.2 Assignment No. 2
307(1)
17.1.3 Assignment No. 3
307(1)
17.2 Assignments for Level 3/4 Courses
308(5)
17.2.1 Assignment No. 1
308(1)
17.2.2 Assignment No. 2
309(1)
17.2.3 Assignment No. 3
310(3)
Appendix 1 Formulae for Example 8.2 313(2)
Appendix 2 Solutions for Example 13.10 315(2)
Appendix 3 Answers to Exercises 317(8)
Index 325
About the Author

SURINDER SINGH VIRDI is a lecturer in construction at South and City College Birmingham and visiting lecturer at City of Wolverhampton College. He worked as a civil and structural engineer for a number of years before starting his career in further and higher education. He has been teaching construction science, environmental science, mathematics, ICT and CAD on BTEC National and Higher National courses for over 25 years.
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