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E-raamat: Consumer ADR in Europe

(University of Kent, UK), (University of Oxford, UK),
  • Formaat: 516 pages
  • Sari: Civil Justice Systems
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-May-2012
  • Kirjastus: Beck/Hart Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781847319418
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  • Formaat: 516 pages
  • Sari: Civil Justice Systems
  • Ilmumisaeg: 10-May-2012
  • Kirjastus: Beck/Hart Publishing
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781847319418
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This is the first systematic comparative study into how consumer ADR systems (usually ombudsmen and médiateurs) work, the differing national architectures within which they operate and how they can be improved. It describes ADR schemes in Belgium, France, Germany, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom as well as emerging pan-EU dispute resolution schemes. Use of the techniques of mediation, conciliation and adjudication are noted. It also covers EU measures on consumer ADR, and 2011 proposals for legislation on ADR and ODR. Data on volumes, cost and duration of ADR schemes are compared, both between different systems and with courts. The authors' findings underpin EU and national developments, and outline options for future policy. Findings and proposals are included for the functions, scope, performance, essential requirements, architecture and operation of ADR systems. The relationships between ADR, courts and regulators are discussed, and need for reforms are noted. This is a ground-breaking work that will have a major impact on European legal systems.

This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.

Arvustused

This is about the first systematic comparative study of the operational framework of the systems for resolving consumer disputes of the different national legislative options along with proposals for their improvement.

Great advantage of the publication is the collection of statistical data on the cost and duration for conducting the extrajudicial procedures. Furthermore, publishers' contribution is important in the formation of the conclusions on the national recommendations, by dedicating two special chapters, which include the empirical and other research findings (chapter 14-15, pp. 367 ff). Lastly, the list of persons who gave answers to the specific questionnaire composed for the study creates positive impression (p. xxi ff).

The extra judicial resolution of consumer dispute constitutes theoretically the appropriate answer to the somber and depressing landscape of civil justice, which discourages the citizens from pursuing a judicial resolution of their dispute. The recording and the information offered by the present volume provide the possibility of information concerning the developments in the EU landscape. We all hope that the theoretical process will bear fruits also in practice. -- Apostolos Anthimos * Armenopoulos * The book is a very useful analysis to be recommended to all involved in shaping and using ADR schemes governments, agencies, courts, lawyers' bodies, trade associations, consumer organizations, last but not least academics interested in consumer complaint handling and access to justice by learning from country experiences. The study is indispensible to understand and follow the legislative process provoked by the Commission proposals of 29 November 2011 -- Norbert Reich * Common Market Law Review, Volume 50(3) * This is an extremely timely comparative study into how consumer ADR systems work, the differing national architectures within which they operate, and how they can be improved. ... The book provides an enormous amount of information on the ADR systems in these states and demonstrates the degree of divergence in the EU, which clashes with any attempt to create basic standards against which all systems could be measured. Of particular value are the findings and conclusions in which the three editors break down the wealth of information into four categories: findings of the state of ADR in the EU, conceptual issues of ADR, the architectural issues, and the best operating procedures. * Journal of Consumer Policy, Volume 36 * This is a ground-breaking work that will have major impact on European legal systems. * www.soep-online.de * This book is a must for anyone in national or European business and consumer organisations, and government, involved in ADR, before setting up any ADR system (or drafting any (EU) legislation on that topic). I fully agree with the words in the introduction: ground breaking. -- Hubert van Breemen, senior advisor economic policy, VNO-NCW - MKB-Nederland/Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers VNO-NCW SME Netherlands This is a ground-breaking work that will have a major impact on European legal systems. * Juristen Zeitung *

Summary Contents vii
List of Tables and Figures
xv
Contributors xix
Interviewees xxi
Abbreviations xxv
Introduction xxix
Consumer ADR xxix
The Different Meanings of ADR xxix
The World of CADR xxx
Policy Decisions xxxi
The Research Question and Approach xxxii
Plan of the Book xxxiii
Methodology xxxiv
Consumer ADR at EU level
1 Alternative Dispute Resolution in the EU
1(24)
Introduction
1(1)
Access to Justice and ADR at the International and Regional Level
2(1)
Historic overview of key ADR Related Actions in the EU
3(2)
Competences of the EU in Civil Justice and Consumer ADR
5(2)
Specific EU Measures Regarding ADR
7(6)
EU Cross-border Networks
13(5)
EU-Wide Complaints Reporting
18(2)
The European Commission's Proposals on Consumer ADR and ODR
20(3)
Conclusions
23(2)
Consumer ADR in Selected Member States
2 Belgium
25(12)
The New FPS Economy and its Mediation Task
25(1)
Creation of Belmed
26(1)
Information
27(2)
Online Application
29(5)
CADR Agencies
34(3)
3 France
37(36)
Overview
37(1)
The Institutional Landscape for Consumer Issues
38(1)
Consumer Claims and Mediation within the Court System
39(2)
Consumer Complaints Boards
41(2)
Types of Mediateur
43(3)
Banking
46(5)
Insurance
51(5)
Energy
56(6)
Transport
62(3)
Electronic Communications
65(3)
Internet
68(1)
Doctors
69(1)
Evaluation
70(3)
4 Germany
73(44)
The National Context
73(9)
Privatised Enforcement of Consumer Law
82(5)
Overview of Consumer ADR Bodies
87(2)
Chambers of Commerce
89(1)
The Insurance Ombudsman
90(4)
Doctors
94(2)
Transport
96(3)
Online Travel
99(1)
Financial Services
100(8)
Telecoms
108(4)
Lawyers
112(1)
The Failed `Ombudsman.de' Scheme
113(1)
Energy
114(1)
Conclusions
115(2)
5 Lithuania
117(12)
Overview
117(1)
Courts
117(4)
Public Sector Ombudsman
121(1)
Integrated Regulatory and ADR System
121(7)
Conclusion
128(1)
6 The Netherlands
129(38)
Summary
129(1)
National Culture of Negotiated Settlement
130(5)
The Geschillencommissie Structure
135(14)
ANVR: Travel Sector
149(3)
Thuiswinkel: Web Traders
152(1)
Financial Services: KiFid
153(6)
Discussion
159(5)
Overall
164(3)
7 Poland
167(30)
Introduction
167(1)
Forms of ADR in Poland
168(10)
ADR Bodies
178(16)
Summary and Assessment of Lingering Problems
194(2)
Evaluation
196(1)
8 Slovenia
197(12)
Mediation in Business Sectors
197(2)
General Consumer Arrangements
199(2)
Courts and ADR
201(3)
Small Claims Procedure in Regular Courts
204(2)
Evaluation
206(3)
9 Spain
209(20)
Introduction
209(1)
The Legal Framework and Consumer Claims within the Court System
209(3)
Overview of the ADR System in Spain
212(7)
ADR in Specific Sectors
219(8)
Conclusions
227(2)
10 Sweden
229(24)
Introduction
229(1)
The Policy of Prioritising Consumer Advice
229(2)
Private Sector ADR
231(8)
The National Board for Consumer Disputes
239(7)
Courts
246(2)
The Consumer Agency
248(1)
Group Claims
249(1)
Cross-border Claims
250(1)
Evaluation
251(2)
11 The United Kingdom
253(86)
Introduction
253(1)
Courts and Mediation
254(3)
The Wide Culture of ADR
257(1)
Models of Consumer ADR
258(3)
ADR within Consumer Regulation
261(5)
Private Sector ADR Bodies
266(6)
Financial Services
272(10)
Finance & Leasing Association
282(2)
Pensions
284(5)
The Legal Ombudsman
289(2)
Telecoms
291(16)
Energy
307(5)
General Consumer Trading Sectors: Resolution of Disputes under Codes of Business Practice
312(8)
Motor Codes
320(8)
Travel Disputes: The ABTA Code and Schemes
328(6)
Estate Agents
334(4)
Evaluation
338(1)
12 Best Practice in Customer Care in the UK
339(16)
Introduction
339(2)
Boots
341(7)
British Telecom
348(2)
Procter & Gamble
350(5)
13 Cross-border Consumer ADR
355(12)
European Car Rental Conciliation Service
355(1)
SELDIA: The European Direct Selling Association
356(2)
European Energy Ombudsman Group
358(1)
ODR
358(2)
ODR for Domain Names
360(4)
EU ODR
364(1)
UNCITRAL
365(2)
Findings
14 Empirical Findings
367(22)
Incidence of Claims
368(1)
By Country
369(8)
By Sector
377(2)
Thresholds and Limits
379(1)
Case Fee for Consumers
380(1)
Levels of Loss and Detriment
381(1)
The Cost of Major CADR Schemes
382(2)
WIPO
384(1)
Cost per Inquiry
384(1)
Duration
385(1)
EU Consumer Complaint Data
386(3)
15 Findings and Conclusions
389(66)
Findings of the State of CADR in the EU
389(23)
The Unique Concept of CADR
389(1)
The Extent of CADR
389(1)
Coverage
390(1)
Knowledge of CADR
391(1)
The National Context of CADR schemes
392(2)
The Historical Development of CADR Models and Techniques
394(1)
Market Regulation, Reducing Cost and Maintaining Business Reputation as Drivers for CADR
395(3)
CADR in the Context of DR
398(2)
Models of CADR
400(1)
Ombudsmen
401(1)
CADR with Business Codes of Practice
402(1)
Modes and Techniques of Dispute Resolution in CADR Systems
403(2)
The Sequencing of Dispute Resolution Pathways
405(2)
The First Stage; Direct Contact with Traders
407(1)
Advice, Information and Dispute Resolution
408(1)
CADR and Collective Redress
409(2)
Variations in Effect: Persuasive or Binding?
411(1)
Conceptual issues with CADR
412(17)
The Basis of CADR Decisions: Law and Fairness
412(3)
Should CADR or Courts Decide the Law?
415(1)
Binding and Non-binding Decisions
416(1)
Compliance
417(1)
Due Process Issues for CADR
418(2)
The Purpose and Nature of CADR
420(2)
ADR as an Essential Aspect of Regulation and Behaviour Control
422(1)
Capturing and Using Market Information
423(2)
What Criteria Should Apply to CADR?
425(1)
Proposed Essential Requirements and KPIs
426(3)
Architectural Issues
429(8)
Centralised and Sectoral Schemes
429(1)
Maximising Usage: Unified Architecture, Visibility, Consistency and Trust
430(3)
Filling Gaps to Extend Coverage
433(4)
Best Operating Procedures
437(11)
Confidence and Trust
437(1)
Accessibility
437(1)
Language
438(1)
Access Cost
439(1)
Efficiency
439(1)
Independence and Impartiality
440(5)
Transparency
445(1)
Factors Affecting Cost, Efficiency and Incidence
446(2)
Conclusions
448(7)
A Model for a National Consumer ADR Architecture
449(6)
Appendices
1 Commission Recommendation of 30 March 1998 on the principles applicable to the bodies responsible for out-of-court settlement of consumer disputes (98/257/EC)
455(8)
2 Commission Recommendation of 4 April 2001 on the principles for out-of-court bodies involved in the consensual resolution of consumer disputes (2001/310/EC)
463(8)
3 European Code of Conduct for Mediators
471(4)
4 French Charter of Consumer Mediation
475
Christopher Hodges is Head of the CMS Research Programme on Civil Justice Systems at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford and Erasmus Professor of the Fundamentals of Private Law, Erasmus University. Iris Benöhr is a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the Research Programme on Civil Justice Systems at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford. Naomi Creutzfeldt-Banda is a Post-Doctoral Researcher at the Research Programme on Civil Justice Systems at the Centre for Socio-Legal Studies, University of Oxford.