About the Authors |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations (Acronyms) |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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PART 1 Maritime Containerized Transport (the Status Quo of Its Structure and Main Processes) |
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Chapter 1 The Origins of Containerization Processes in International Trade |
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9 | (1) |
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1.1 Pre-container Loading Units in Transport and the Arrival of a Container |
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9 | (3) |
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1.2 Implications Caused by the Implementation of Containers to the World's Economy |
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12 | (2) |
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1.3 Determinants of the Development of Containerization in the World with the Particular Consideration of Maritime Transport |
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14 | (11) |
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Chapter 2 A Container as a Loading Unit |
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25 | (16) |
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2.1 The Definition and Principles of Container Standardization (Type Series) |
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25 | (5) |
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2.2 The Construction of Containers |
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30 | (4) |
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2.3 Types of Containers (Taxonomy of Containers) |
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34 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 Container Transport System and Multimodal Transport Systems |
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41 | (24) |
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3.1 The Container Transport System |
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41 | (5) |
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3.2 Modal Systems of Container Transport |
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46 | (6) |
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3.3 Multimodal (Intermodal) Container Transport Systems |
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52 | (6) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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3.4 Systemic Legal Regulations in Domestic and International Container Turnover |
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58 | (7) |
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3.4.1 International Convention for Safe Containers (CSC) |
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58 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Legal Regulations for Transporting Hazardous Cargo in Containers with Particular Consideration of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG) |
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60 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 The Development of the Global Fleet of Container Vessels |
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65 | (26) |
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4.1 Types of Container Vessels |
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65 | (4) |
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4.2 The Size and Structure of the Global Fleet of Container Vessels |
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69 | (3) |
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4.3 The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic and a War in Ukraine on the Global Fleet of Container Vessels and the Prospects for Further Operation of the Fleet |
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72 | (5) |
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4.4 The World's Largest Container Operators in Maritime Transport |
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77 | (5) |
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4.5 The Characteristics of the Selected Container Shipowners |
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82 | (5) |
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82 | (1) |
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Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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Ocean Network Express--One |
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86 | (1) |
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Evergreen Marine Corporation (EMC) |
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86 | (1) |
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4.6 The Assets, Capital, Revenues and Costs of the Selected Container Shipowner--Hapag-Lloyd |
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87 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 The Size and Geographical Structure of International Container Shipping in Maritime Transport |
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91 | (20) |
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5.1 The Global Stock of Containers Applied in Maritime Transport |
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91 | (2) |
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5.2 Suitability of Cargo for Containerization in International Trade |
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93 | (2) |
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5.3 The Volume and Directions of Global Flows in Maritime Container Transport |
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95 | (4) |
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5.4 The Volume and Geographical Structure of the Global Container Turnover at Seaports |
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99 | (6) |
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5.5 Empty Containers in International Maritime Trade (Repositioning) |
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105 | (6) |
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PART 2 Economic Challenges to Maritime Containerized Transport |
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Chapter 6 Transport and Container Handling Costs in International Maritime Transport |
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111 | (24) |
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6.1 Allocation of Transport and Container Handling Costs to Exporters and Importers |
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111 | (3) |
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6.2 Port Fees That Are Charged on Maritime Container Operators for the Use of Port Facilities and Container Terminals (the European Approach) |
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114 | (2) |
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6.3 Fees Charged for Customs Brokerage Services under the Customs Procedures Followed in Containerized Cargo Shipping (the European Approach) |
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116 | (4) |
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6.4 Freight Rates in Maritime Container Transport |
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120 | (3) |
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6.5 Fees Charged on Exporters and Importers of Containerized Cargo for Services Provided by Container Terminals (the European Approach) |
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123 | (5) |
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6.6 Indices in Maritime Container Turnover |
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128 | (7) |
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Chapter 7 Documents in International Maritime Transport |
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135 | (16) |
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7.1 A Booking Contract and a Booking List |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (2) |
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7.3 A Liner Bill of Lading |
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140 | (2) |
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7.4 Direct (Through), Multimodal and FIATA Bills of Lading |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (2) |
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7.6 The Significance of a Bill of Lading in International Settlements with the Use of a Documentary Letter of Credit |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Insurance of Containers and Vessels in Maritime Transport |
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151 | (10) |
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8.1 Circumstances for Insuring Containers, Cargo and Container Vessels |
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151 | (3) |
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154 | (1) |
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8.3 Civil Liability Insurance Pertaining to the Operation of a Vessel |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (5) |
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PART 3 Managerial and Operational Challenges to Maritime Containerized Transport |
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Chapter 9 The Role of Port Container Terminals in the Maritime Container Turnover |
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161 | (18) |
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9.1 The Notion of a Container Terminal |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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9.4 The Characteristics of Maritime Container Terminals |
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165 | (3) |
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9.5 The Selected Global Operators of Maritime Container Terminals |
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168 | (11) |
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Chapter 10 Organizational and Technical Conditions Underlying Operation of Port Container Terminals |
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179 | (28) |
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10.1 Models of the Functioning of Port Container Terminals |
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179 | (11) |
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10.2 Factors Determining Terminal Operations of Container Handling |
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190 | (3) |
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10.3 Terminal Infrastructure and Suprastructure |
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193 | (6) |
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10.4 Services Provided by Port Container Terminals |
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199 | (8) |
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10.4.1 Stuffing and Stripping Containers in Maritime Trade |
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199 | (3) |
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10.4.2 Stowing Containers on Board |
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202 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Access to the Operational System of a Terminal for Cargo Consignees |
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203 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Information and IT (Telematics) Solutions in the Management of Containerization Processes in Maritime Transport |
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207 | (32) |
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11.1 Tasks and Architecture of Telematics Systems in the Management of Containerization Processes |
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207 | (3) |
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11.2 Monitoring Systems of Container Loading Units in Maritime Transport |
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210 | (5) |
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11.3 Loading Systems Applied in Maritime Transport of Containerized Cargo (Vessel-Planning Class Systems) |
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215 | (5) |
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11.4 Terminal Operation Systems Dedicated to Maritime Transport of Containerized Cargo (the TOS-Class) |
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220 | (6) |
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11.5 Access Systems to a Terminal Operation System Dedicated to Cargo Consigners (Access Systems for Forwarders, a Notification System, OCR) |
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226 | (13) |
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PART 4 Sustainable Development Challenges to Containerized Maritime Transport |
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Chapter 12 Ecologistics and Sustainable Development Requirements in the Pragmatics of Containerization Processes in Maritime Transport |
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239 | (38) |
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12.1 The Origin and Formal and Legal Aspects of Emission Restrictions in Maritime Transport |
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239 | (16) |
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12.1.1 Maritime Transport as a GHG Emitter--an Imperative for the Implementation of a Methodology for Counting Externalities and External Costs in Maritime Transport (Including Containerized Maritime Transport) in the Light of Challenges Posed to Sustainable Development |
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239 | (8) |
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12.1.2 Legal Acts and Legislation and Operational Factors (MARPOL, SOLAS, BWM, Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) |
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247 | (6) |
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12.1.3 Components of GHG/CO2 Emission and C02 Equivalent in Maritime Transport (Identification of Factors) |
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253 | (2) |
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12.2 Standards, Control and Verification of Emission Generated by Maritime Transport (MRV C02/C02E) |
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255 | (7) |
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12.2.1 MRV C02--Identification of the Procedures, Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII, EEXI, EEDI) |
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255 | (3) |
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12.2.2 Organizational, Technical and Operational Factors Determining Lower Emission Generated by Maritime Transport |
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258 | (4) |
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12.3 Standards, Control and Verification of Emissions Generated by Maritime Container Terminals |
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262 | (15) |
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12.3.1 Carbon Footprint--Identification of Procedures at the Level of a Maritime Container Terminal |
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262 | (5) |
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12.3.2 Organizational, Technical and Operational Factors Determining Lower Emission Generated in the Operational Field of a Maritime Container Terminal (Scope 1 and 2--Scope 3 Ultimately) |
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267 | (4) |
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12.3.3 A Maritime Container Terminal as an Element of a Low-/Zero-Emission Sea-Land Logistic Chain |
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271 | (6) |
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277 | (4) |
Appendix |
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281 | (4) |
References |
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285 | (18) |
Index |
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303 | |