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E-raamat: Contemporary Coding Techniques and Applications for Mobile Communications

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  • Formaat: 352 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-May-2009
  • Kirjastus: Auerbach
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040169520
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Contemporary Coding Techniques and Applications for Mobile CommunicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 352 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-May-2009
  • Kirjastus: Auerbach
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040169520
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Modern error control coding methods based on turbo coding have essentially solved the problem of reliable data communications over noisy channels. Contemporary Coding Techniques and Applications for Mobile Communications provides a clear, comprehensive, and practical grounding on the subject matter, examining the fundamentals, theory, and application of contemporary coding techniques and the applications for mobile communications.

Written from the perspective that error control coding techniques will facilitate future digital data links, the book provides in-depth coverage on topics such as modulation techniques, multiplexing, channel models, MIMO systems, fundamental coding techniques, trellis coding modulation, turbo codes, and multilevel turbo codes.

The first part of the text presents fundamental information on modulation, multiplexing, channel models, and traditional coding methods. The second part explains advanced coding techniques, provides simulation results, and compares them with related methods. It also provides new coding algorithms and new research areas such as image transmission with step-by-step guidelines.

Preface xiii
Authors xv
1 Introduction
1
1.1 Digital Communication Systems: An Overview
1
1.1.1 Source Coding
2
1.1.2 Channel Coding
2
1.1.3 Modulation Systems
2
1.1.4 Channel Capacity
3
1.2 Mathematical Fundamentals
3
1.2.1 Sampling Theory
3
1.2.2 Information Theory
4
References
4
2 Modulation Techniques
7
2.1 Pulse Code Modulation
7
2.2 Delta Modulation
11
2.3 Adaptive Delta Modulation
15
2.4 Line Coding
16
2.4.1 Unipolar Signaling
16
2.4.2 Polar Signaling
18
2.4.3 Dipolar Signaling
18
2.4.4 Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI) Signaling
18
2.4.5 Coded Mark Inversion
19
2.4.6 The nBinT Code
19
2.5 Amplitude Modulation
22
2.6 Frequency Modulation
24
2.7 Phase-Shift Keying
26
2.7.1 Binary Phase-Shift Keying
26
2.7.2 M-ary PSK
28
2.7.3 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
31
2.8 Continuous Phase Modulation
32
2.8.1 Decomposition of CPM
35
2.8.2 Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying
36
2.8.2.1 2CPFSK for h = 1/2
40
2.8.2.2 4CPFSK for h = 1/2
41
2.8.2.3 8CPFSK for h = 1/2
43
2.8.2.4 16CPFSK for h = 1/2
45
2.8.2.5 4CPFSK for h = 1/4
48
References
50
3 Multiplexing
53
3.1 Time Division Multiple Access
53
3.2 Code Division Multiple Access
55
3.2.1 Wideband CDMA
56
3.2.2 CDMA Cellular System
57
3.3 Frequency Division Multiple Access
59
3.4 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
59
3.4.1 Producing the Subcarrier Using Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)
62
3.4.2 Guard Time and Cyclic Extension
64
3.4.3 Windowing
66
References
68
4 Fundamental Coding Techniques
69
4.1 Source Coding
69
4.1.1 Huffman Codes
69
4.2 Channel Coding
72
4.2.1 Block Codes
72
4.2.1.1 Code Distance
73
4.2.1.2 Code Length
73
4.2.1.3 Algebraic Codes
73
4.2.1.4 Cyclic Codes
74
4.2.1.5 Reed–Solomon Codes
75
4.2.1.6 Convolutional Encoders
77
4.2.1.7 Recursive Systematic Convolutional Codes
80
4.3 Trellis-Coded Modulation
82
4.4 Viterbi Algorithm
87
References
87
5 Channel Models
89
5.1 Mobile Communication Channels
89
5.2 Fading Channels
90
5.2.1 Large-Scale and Small-Scale Fading
91
5.2.2 Mathematical Model of Multipath Fading Channels
92
5.2.2.1 Compatibility
92
5.2.2.2 Doppler Spread
93
5.2.2.3 Delay Scattering
93
5.2.2.4 Compatibility Duration
93
5.2.3 Fading Channel Types
93
5.2.3.1 Flat Fading
94
5.2.3.2 Frequency Selective Channels
94
5.2.3.3 Slow Channel Fading
95
5.2.3.4 Fast Fading
95
5.2.4 Static Model of Fading Channels
96
5.3 Frequency Selective Multipath Fading
97
5.3.1 Correlation Functions of Statistical Channels
100
5.3.2 Classification of Statistical Channels
101
5.3.2.1 Wide-Sense Stationary Channels
102
5.3.2.2 Uncorrelated Scattering
102
5.3.2.3 Wide-Sense Stationary Uncorrelated Scattering
103
5.3.3 Auto-Correlation of WSSUS Channels
105
5.3.4 COST 207 Models
105
5.4 Multiple Input Multiple Output Channels
111
5.4.1 MIMO Channel and Space–Time Block Codes
111
5.4.2 WSSUS MIMO Channels
113
References
114
6 Channel Equalization
115
6.1 Semiblind Equalization with Adaptive Filters
115
6.1.1 LMS Algorithm
115
6.1.2 Recursive Least Square Algorithm and Kalman Filtering
117
6.1.3 Genetic Algorithms
118
6.1.4 WSSUS MIMO Channel Equalization Using GA
120
6.2 Blind Equalization with Adaptive Filters
121
6.2.1 ML Channel Equalization
124
6.2.2 Baum–Welch Channel Equalization
125
References
128
7 Turbo Codes
131
7.1 Turbo Encoder
132
7.1.1 RSC Component Codes
133
7.1.2 Trellis Termination
134
7.1.3 Interleaving
135
7.1.4 Convolutional Code Representation
136
7.1.4.1 State Diagram Representation
137
7.2 Turbo Decoding
138
7.2.1 MAP Algorithm
139
7.2.2 Max-Log-MAP and Log-MAP Algorithms
144
7.2.3 Performance Analysis
146
7.3 Error Performance of Turbo Codes
149
7.3.1 Error Performance of Turbo Codes over Fading Channel
149
References
162
8 Multilevel Turbo Codes
165
8.1 Multilevel Turbo Encoder
166
8.2 Multilevel Turbo Decoder
169
8.3 Error Performance of Multilevel Turbo Codes
172
8.3.1 Multilevel Turbo Codes over Fading Channel
173
8.3.2 Multilevel Turbo Codes over WSSUS Channels
174
8.3.2.1 Equalization of WSSUS Channels
177
8.3.2.2 Simulations of ML-TC Signals over WSSUS Multipath Channel
178
References
188
9 Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation (TTCM)
191
9.1 Turbo Trellis Encoder
191
9.2 Turbo Trellis Decoder
193
9.2.1 Metric Calculation
193
9.2.2 MAP Decoder
195
9.3 Error Performance of Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation
196
9.4 Time Diversity Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation (TD-TTCM)
196
9.4.1 TD-TTCM Encoder
199
9.4.2 TD-TTCM Decoder
199
9.4.3 WSSUS MIMO Channel Model of the TD-TTCM Scheme
201
9.4.3.1 Transmit Diversity Scheme
203
9.4.3.2 Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Genetic-Based Channel Estimator
205
9.4.3.3 The Structure of the Combiner
207
9.4.4 Simulation of TD-TTCM
210
9.5 Space Time Turbo Trellis-Coded Modulation (ST-TTCM)
214
9.5.1 ST-TTCM Encoder
216
9.5.2 Blind Equalization
217
9.5.3 Simulation Results of ST-TTCM for Two-Transmitter and One-Receiver Antenna Configuration
220
References
226
10 Low-Density Parity-Check Codes 229
10.1 Encoding of LDPC Codes
232
10.2 Decoding of LDPC Codes
233
10.3 LDPC-Like Codes: GC Codes
234
10.3.1 Hamming Distance 4 GC Codes
235
10.3.2 Higher-Distance GC Codes
238
10.3.3 Simulation Results
239
References
240
11 Coding Techniques Using Continuous Phase Modulation 243
11.1 Multilevel Turbo–Coded Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (MLTC-CPFSK)
244
11.1.1 Encoder Structure
245
11.1.2 Decoder Structure
249
11.1.3 Simulation Results over Rician Fading Channel
253
11.1.4 Simulation Results over MIMO Channel
257
11.2 Turbo Trellis–Coded Continuous-Phase Frequency Shift Keying FC-CPFSK)
266
11.2.1 Encoder Structure
267
11.2.2 Channel Capacity for CPFSK and TTC/CPM
271
11.2.3 Decoder Structure
273
11.2.4 Blind Equalization
274
11.2.4.1 Baum–Welch Algorithm
276
11.2.5 Simulation Results of TTC/CPM for 16-CPFSK
278
11.3 Turbo Trellis–Coded/Continuous-Phase Modulation for MIMO Channels
280
11.4 Low-Density Parity Check/Continuous-Phase Frequency Shift Keying
284
11.5 Simulation Results
288
References
292
12 Image Transmission Using Turbo Codes 297
12.1 Adaptive Wiener–Turbo System (AW-TS)
297
12.1.1 Bit Plane Slicing/Combining
302
12.1.2 The Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) Encoders
303
12.1.3 Wiener Filtering Applied to Bit Planes
304
12.1.4 Turbo Decoding Process
309
12.1.5 Simulation Results of AW-TS System
312
12.2 Adaptive Wiener-Turbo Systems with JPEG and Bit Plane Compressions (AW-TSwJBC)
319
12.2.1 AW-TSwJBC Decoding Process
321
12.2.2 Simulation Results of AW-TSwJBC System
322
References
326
Index 329
Osman, Onur; Ucan, Osman Nuri
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