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E-raamat: Contested Common Land: Environmental Governance Past and Present

Edited by (Professor of Law, Head of School, Law School, Newcastle University, UK.), Edited by (Lecturer, Law, University of Br), Edited by (Honorary Research Fellow, Department of History, Lancaster University, UK.), Edited by (Senior Lecturer, History, Lancaster University.)
  • Formaat: 240 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Aug-2012
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136537752
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  • Formaat: 240 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 06-Aug-2012
  • Kirjastus: Earthscan Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781136537752
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This innovative and interdisciplinary book makes a major contribution to common pool resource studies. It offers a new perspective on the sustainable governance of common resources, grounded in contemporary and archival research on the common lands of England and Wales - an important common resource with multiple, and often conflicting, uses. It encompasses ecologically sensitive environments and landscapes, is an important agricultural resource and provides public access to the countryside for recreation.

Contested Common Land brings together historical and contemporary legal scholarship to examine the environmental governance of common land from c.1600 to the present day. It uses four case studies to illustrate the challenges presented by the sustainable management of common property from an interdisciplinary perspective - from the Lake District, Yorkshire Dales, North Norfolk coast and the Cambrian Mountains. These demonstrate that cultural assumptions concerning the value of common land have changed across the centuries, with profound consequences for the law, land management, the legal expression of concepts of common 'property' rights and their exercise. The 'stakeholders' of today are the inheritors of this complex cultural legacy, and must negotiate diverse and sometimes conflicting objectives in their pursuit of a potentially unifying goal: a secure and sustainable future for the commons.

The book also has considerable contemporary relevance, providing a timely contribution to discussion of strategies for the implementation of the Commons Act of 2006. The case studies position the new legislation in England and Wales within the wider context of institutional scholarship on the governance principles for successful common pool resource management, and the rejection of the 'tragedy of the commons'.

Arvustused

'Chris Rodgers and his co-authors have brought together important research...They show that 'modernizing' common law institutions that evolved over time can change ownership rights and duties in unexpected ways. For sustainability questions we have to study more systems over time as this important collection of studies illustrates.' - Elinor Ostrom, Indiana University, USA, and joint Winner of the Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences 2009

'Contested Common Land exemplifies collaborative, multi-disciplinary landscape research at its finest: field and archival, contemporary and historical, comparative and local, scholarly and publically engaged. Both rigorous and imaginative, the book shines a new light on English and Welsh commons and the landscape more widely. The project team reveal their rich and remarkably resilient history as a working country in the face of periodical challenges, with the capacity for a new lease of life in a wider, international, world concerned with sustainability. With complementary expertise, the authors show that common land is a topical as well as traditional place, a diverse and dynamic social and environmental resource, a repository of complex uses and values, a living landscape that demands careful cultural appreciation as well as effective conservation and practical management.' - Stephen Daniels, Director, AHRC Landscape and Environment programme, UK

'Ambitiously conceived, and flawlessly presented, this book should be read by all policy-formers and those engaged in the management of commons, as well as anyone with an interest in rural history, the interface of common and statutory law, or awareness of the global principles underlying shared resource management. It deserves to remain on their shelves permanently, as a source of reference and inspiration.' - Graham Bathe, Principal Project Manager, Natural England

'The work is a timely contribution of interest to a wide readership concerned with issues of environmental sustainability, the evolution of institutional governance systems, the history of English and Welsh commons and our historic landscape more generally.' Agricultural History Review

Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
xi
1 Introduction: Common Land as a Contested Resource
1(16)
The legal framework: Common property rights
4(3)
Contested common land
7(4)
Sustainable governance
11(4)
Conclusions
15(2)
Part I Custom, Property Rights and Sustainable Management
17(68)
2 Custom and the Culture of the Commons, 1600--1965
19(14)
Private rights and public `ownership'
21(7)
Productivity and wilderness: The culture of the commons since circa 1860
28(3)
Conclusions
31(2)
3 `That our common moore be not wronged': Sustainable Land Management in a Historical Context
33(18)
`Good neighbourhood' and sustainability
34(3)
Regulation
37(6)
Management mechanisms: Restrictions on quantity, area and time
43(4)
Conclusions: Sustainability, rules and property rights
47(4)
4 Property Rights in the Modern Commons
51(18)
Property rights and `common' land
51(2)
Property rights paradigms and the commons
53(1)
Defining `property' in the commons: Entitlements
54(4)
Commons registration: The Commons Act 2006
58(4)
Property rights, resource allocation and environmental regulation
62(7)
5 Contemporary Governance of the Commons: The Quest for Sustainability
69(16)
Commons governance
69(3)
Managing the modern commons
72(2)
Implementing sustainable management: The potential role of commons councils
74(3)
Management powers: Potential impact upon property rights
77(1)
Commons councils: Stakeholder perceptions
78(2)
Commons councils and `sustainable' commons management
80(1)
Commons councils: A paradigm for institutional governance?
81(4)
Part II Commons in Focus: Four Case Studies
85(104)
6 Eskdale, Cumbria
89(22)
Common rights and governance to 1965
90(9)
The commons today
99(8)
Conclusions
107(4)
7 Ingleborough and Scales Moor, North Yorkshire
111(26)
Common rights and governance to 1965
114(9)
The commons today
123(10)
Conclusions
133(4)
8 Elan Valley, Powys
137(26)
Common rights and governance to 1965
138(10)
The commons today
148(10)
Conclusions
158(5)
9 Brancaster and Thornham, Norfolk
163(26)
Common rights and governance to 1965
166(8)
The commons today
174(11)
Conclusions
185(4)
Part III Conclusions
189(14)
10 Sustainable Commons: Reflections on History, Law and Governance
191(12)
Common land governance: Some key themes
191(3)
The relationship between law as a social construct and custom
194(2)
Some lessons for common pool resource (CPR) scholarship
196(5)
A sustainable future for the commons?
201(2)
References 203(10)
Cases and Legislation 213(2)
Index 215
Chris Rodgers is Professor of Law at Newcastle University, UK.

Eleanor Straughton is Honorary Research Fellow in the Department of History, Lancaster University, UK.

Angus Winchester is Senior Lecturer in History at Lancaster University.

Margherita Pieraccini is lecturer in law at the University of Exeter, UK.