About the authors |
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xix | |
Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgement |
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xxvii | |
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1 Principles of non-linear control |
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1 | (62) |
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1.1 Control based on approximate linearization |
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1 | (15) |
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1.1.1 Overview of the optimal control concept |
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1 | (4) |
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1.1.2 Design of an H-infinity non-linear optimal controller |
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5 | (7) |
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1.1.3 Optimal state estimation with the H-infinity Kalman Filter |
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12 | (4) |
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1.2 Global linearization-based control concepts |
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16 | (18) |
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1.2.1 Foundations of global linearization-based control |
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16 | (7) |
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1.2.2 Elaborating on input-output linearization |
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23 | (3) |
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1.2.3 Input-state linearization |
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26 | (5) |
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1.2.4 Stages in the implementation of input-state linearization |
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31 | (1) |
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1.2.5 Input-output and input-state linearization for MIMO systems |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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1.3 Global linearization-based control using differential flatness theory |
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34 | (20) |
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1.3.1 The background of differential flatness theory |
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34 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Differential flatness for finite-dimensional systems |
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35 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Equivalence and differential flatness |
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36 | (4) |
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1.3.4 Differential flatness and trajectory planning |
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40 | (3) |
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1.3.5 Differential flatness, feedback control and equivalence |
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43 | (4) |
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1.3.6 Flatness-based control and state feedback under the model uncertainties |
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47 | (2) |
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1.3.7 Classification of types of differentially flat systems |
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49 | (5) |
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1.4 Control of PDE dynamical systems |
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54 | (9) |
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1.4.1 Distributed parameter systems and transformation in the canonical form |
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54 | (1) |
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1.4.2 State-space description of a heat diffusion dynamics |
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54 | (3) |
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1.4.3 Differential flatness of the non-linear heat-diffusion PDE |
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57 | (2) |
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1.4.4 Computation of a boundary conditions-based feedback control law |
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59 | (2) |
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1.4.5 Closed loop dynamics |
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61 | (2) |
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2 Control based on approximate linearization for robotic systems |
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63 | (222) |
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2.1 Nonlinear control of the cart and double-pendulum overhead crane |
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63 | (15) |
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63 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Dynamic model of the double-pendulum overhead crane |
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65 | (3) |
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2.1.3 Approximate linearization of the double-pendulum overhead crane |
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68 | (5) |
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2.1.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (3) |
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2.2 Nonlinear control of the underactuated offshore crane |
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78 | (17) |
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78 | (5) |
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2.2.2 Dynamic model of the boom crane |
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83 | (4) |
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2.2.3 Approximate linearization of the dynamic model of boom cranes |
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87 | (5) |
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2.2.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (3) |
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2.3 Nonlinear control of the inertia wheel and pendulum system |
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95 | (12) |
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95 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Dynamic model of the inertia wheel inverted pendulum |
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100 | (2) |
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2.3.3 Approximate linearization of the inertia wheel inverted pendulum |
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102 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (3) |
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2.4 Nonlinear control of the torsional oscillator with rotational actuator |
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107 | (12) |
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107 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Dynamic model of the translational oscillator with rotating actuator |
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109 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Approximate linearization of the state-space model |
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111 | (2) |
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2.4.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (5) |
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2.5 Nonlinear control of robotic exoskeletons |
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119 | (13) |
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119 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Dynamic model of the 2-DOF lower-limb exoskeleton |
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120 | (5) |
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2.5.3 Approximate linearization of the exoskeleton's dynamic model |
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125 | (3) |
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128 | (4) |
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2.6 Nonlinear control of brachiation robots |
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132 | (23) |
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132 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Dynamic model of the multi-DOF brachiation robot |
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134 | (7) |
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2.6.3 Approximate linearization of the dynamic model of the brachiation robot |
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141 | (8) |
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149 | (6) |
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2.7 Nonlinear control of power line inspection robots |
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155 | (14) |
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2.7.1 Dynamic model of the power line inspection robot |
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158 | (5) |
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2.7.2 Approximate linearization of the power line inspection robot |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (4) |
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2.8 Nonlinear control of robots with electrohydraulic actuators |
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169 | (11) |
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169 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Dynamic model of the multi-DOF electrohydraulic manipulator |
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170 | (4) |
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2.8.3 Differential flatness properties of the hydraulic robotic manipulator |
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174 | (2) |
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2.8.4 Approximate linearization of the electro-hydraulic manipulator |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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2.9 Nonlinear control of robots with electropneumatic actuators |
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180 | (31) |
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180 | (9) |
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2.9.2 Dynamic model of a robotic manipulator with electropneumatic actuators |
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189 | (6) |
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2.9.3 Approximate linearization of the robot with electropneumatic actuation |
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195 | (10) |
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2.9.4 Differential flatness of the robot with electropneumatic actuation |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (4) |
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2.10 Nonlinear control of flexible joint robots |
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211 | (21) |
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211 | (6) |
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2.10.2 Dynamic model of a multi-DOF robotic manipulator with flexible joints |
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217 | (6) |
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2.10.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the flexible-joints robot |
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223 | (1) |
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2.10.4 Jacobian matrices of the linearized model |
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223 | (4) |
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227 | (5) |
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2.11 Nonlinear control of redundant robotic manipulators |
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232 | (19) |
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232 | (5) |
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2.11.2 Kinematic and dynamic model of the redundant manipulator |
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237 | (6) |
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2.11.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the redundant manipulator |
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243 | (7) |
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250 | (1) |
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2.12 Nonlinear control of parallel closed-chain robotic manipulators |
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251 | (34) |
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251 | (10) |
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2.12.2 Dynamic model of the five-link parallel robot |
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261 | (6) |
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2.12.3 Approximate linearization of the five-link parallel robot |
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267 | (8) |
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275 | (10) |
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3 Control based on approximate linearization for autonomous vehicles |
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285 | (172) |
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3.1 Nonlinear control of tracked autonomous vehicles |
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285 | (13) |
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285 | (2) |
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3.1.2 Kinematic model of the tracked mobile robot |
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287 | (4) |
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3.1.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the tracked vehicle |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (5) |
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3.2 Nonlinear control of the autonomous articulated fire-truck |
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298 | (8) |
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298 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Kinematic model of the autonomous fire-truck robot |
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299 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the autonomous fire-truck |
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302 | (1) |
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3.2.4 The nonlinear H-infinity control |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (1) |
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3.3 Nonlinear control of the truck and N-trailer system |
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306 | (20) |
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306 | (6) |
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3.3.2 Kinematic model of the truck and N trailer robotic system |
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312 | (4) |
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3.3.3 Approximate linearization of the truck and N-trailer robotic system |
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316 | (4) |
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320 | (6) |
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3.4 Nonlinear control of the ball-bot autonomous robot |
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326 | (14) |
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326 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Dynamic model of the ballbot |
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327 | (5) |
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3.4.3 Approximate linearization of the ballbot's state-space model |
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332 | (3) |
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3.4.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (4) |
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3.5 Nonlinear control of the ball-and-plate dynamical system |
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340 | (12) |
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340 | (2) |
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3.5.2 Dynamic model of the ball and plate system |
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342 | (3) |
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3.5.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the ball and plate system |
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345 | (5) |
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350 | (2) |
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3.6 Nonlinear control of 3-DOF unmanned surface vessels |
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352 | (22) |
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352 | (7) |
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3.6.2 Dynamic model of the Unmanned Surface Vessel |
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359 | (6) |
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3.6.3 Approximate linearization of the USV state-space model |
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365 | (7) |
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372 | (2) |
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3.7 Nonlinear control of the 3-DOF autonomous underwater vessel |
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374 | (14) |
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374 | (7) |
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3.7.2 Kinematic and dynamic model of the AUV |
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381 | (1) |
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3.7.3 Differential flatness properties of the AUV's model |
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382 | (1) |
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3.7.4 Approximate linearization of the state-space model of the AUV |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (3) |
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3.8 Nonlinear control of the vertical take-off and landing aircraft |
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388 | (17) |
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388 | (7) |
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3.8.2 Dynamic model of the vertical take-off and landing aircraft |
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395 | (1) |
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3.8.3 Differential flatness properties of the VTOL aircraft |
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396 | (1) |
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3.8.4 Approximate linearization of the VTOL aircraft dynamic model |
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397 | (1) |
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3.8.5 H-infinity feedback control |
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397 | (2) |
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399 | (6) |
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3.9 Nonlinear control of aerial manipulators |
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405 | (16) |
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405 | (1) |
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3.9.2 Dynamic model of the aerial robotic manipulator |
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406 | (7) |
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3.9.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the aerial robotic manipulator |
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413 | (4) |
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3.9.4 Differential flatness properties of the aerial robotic manipulator |
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417 | (1) |
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3.9.5 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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418 | (1) |
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419 | (2) |
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3.10 Nonlinear control of the 6-DOF autonomous octocopter |
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421 | (20) |
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421 | (6) |
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3.10.2 Dynamic model of the octorotor |
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427 | (4) |
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3.10.3 Approximate linearization of the octorotor's model |
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431 | (3) |
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434 | (7) |
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3.11 Nonlinear control of hypersonic aerial vehicles |
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441 | (16) |
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441 | (1) |
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3.11.2 Dynamic model of the autonomous hypersonic aerial vehicle |
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442 | (3) |
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3.11.3 Differential flatness properties of the hypersonic vehicle |
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445 | (3) |
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3.11.4 Approximate linearization for the dynamic model of the hypersonic vehicle |
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448 | (2) |
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3.11.5 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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450 | (1) |
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451 | (6) |
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4 Control based on approximate linearization in energy conversion |
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457 | (164) |
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4.1 Nonlinear control of the VSI-fed three-phase PMSM |
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457 | (16) |
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457 | (2) |
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4.1.2 Dynamic model of the VSI-PMSM system |
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459 | (5) |
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4.1.3 Approximate linearization of the inverter-PMSM dynamics |
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464 | (4) |
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468 | (5) |
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4.2 Nonlinear control of VSI fed six-phase PMSMs |
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473 | (31) |
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473 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Dynamic model of the VSI-fed six-phase PMSM |
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476 | (11) |
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4.2.3 Differential flatness properties of the VSI-fed six-phase PMSM |
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487 | (4) |
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4.2.4 Approximate linearization of the model of the VSI-fed six-phase PMSM |
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491 | (4) |
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495 | (9) |
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4.3 Nonlinear control of DC electric microglias |
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504 | (11) |
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504 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Dynamic model of the DC raicrogrid |
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505 | (3) |
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4.3.3 Approximate linearization of the state-space model of the DC microgrid |
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508 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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510 | (2) |
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512 | (3) |
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4.4 Nonlinear control of distributed marine-turbine power generation units |
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515 | (21) |
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515 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Dynamic model of the distributed marine turbine power generation units |
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517 | (1) |
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4.4.3 The dynamic model of the distributed power system |
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517 | (6) |
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4.4.4 Differential flatness of the distributed marine power generation units |
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523 | (1) |
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4.4.5 Approximate linearization of the distributed marine power generators |
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524 | (3) |
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4.4.6 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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527 | (1) |
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528 | (8) |
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4.5 Nonlinear control of PMLSGs in wave energy conversion systems |
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536 | (10) |
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536 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Dynamics of the tubular permanent magnet linear synchronous generators |
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537 | (4) |
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4.5.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the tubular PMLSG |
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541 | (1) |
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4.5.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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542 | (1) |
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542 | (4) |
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4.6 Nonlinear control of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motors |
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546 | (12) |
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546 | (1) |
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4.6.2 Dynamic model of the PMBLDC motor |
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547 | (6) |
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4.6.3 Differential flatness of the motor with non-sinusoidal back EMF |
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553 | (1) |
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4.6.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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554 | (1) |
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554 | (4) |
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4.7 Nonlinear optimal control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles powertrains |
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558 | (19) |
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558 | (1) |
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4.7.2 Dynamic model of the HEV power supply/traction system |
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559 | (4) |
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4.7.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the HEV's powertrain |
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563 | (2) |
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4.7.4 Differential flatness properties of the HEV's powertrain |
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565 | (2) |
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4.7.5 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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567 | (2) |
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569 | (8) |
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4.8 Nonlinear control of shipboard AC/DC microgrids |
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577 | (20) |
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577 | (2) |
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4.8.2 Dynamic model of the shipboard AC/DC microgrid |
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579 | (5) |
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4.8.3 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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584 | (4) |
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588 | (9) |
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4.9 Nonlinear control of power generation in hybrid AC/DC microgrids |
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597 | (24) |
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597 | (2) |
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4.9.2 Dynamic model of the hybrid distributed microgrid |
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599 | (5) |
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4.9.3 Approximate linearization of the dynamic model of the hybrid microgrid |
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604 | (3) |
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4.9.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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607 | (2) |
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4.9.5 Differential flatness properties of the dynamic model of the microgrid |
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609 | (6) |
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615 | (6) |
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5 Control based on approximate linearization for mechatronic systems |
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621 | (108) |
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5.1 Nonlinear control of electrohydraulic actuators |
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621 | (11) |
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621 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Dynamic model of the electrohydraulic actuator |
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623 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Approximate linearization of the electrohydraulic actuator's model |
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626 | (3) |
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629 | (3) |
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5.2 Nonlinear control of electropneumatic actuators |
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632 | (16) |
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632 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Dynamic model of the electropneumatic actuator |
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634 | (3) |
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5.2.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the electropneumatic actuator |
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637 | (5) |
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5.2.4 Differential flatness properties of the electropneumatic actuator |
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642 | (3) |
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645 | (3) |
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5.3 Nonlinear control of hot-steel rolling mills |
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648 | (11) |
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648 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Dynamic model of the hot-steel rolling mill |
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650 | (4) |
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5.3.3 Approximate linearization of the hot-steel rolling mill dynamics |
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654 | (1) |
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5.3.4 Computation of the feedback control gains |
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655 | (1) |
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656 | (3) |
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5.4 Nonlinear control of paper mills |
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659 | (15) |
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659 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Dynamic model of the mechanical pulping process in paper mills |
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661 | (5) |
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5.4.3 Approximate linearization of the state-space model of the pulping process |
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666 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Stabilizing feedback control |
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667 | (1) |
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668 | (6) |
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5.5 Nonlinear control of the injection moulding machine |
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674 | (12) |
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674 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Dynamic model of the injection moulding process |
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676 | (5) |
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5.5.3 Stable feedback control of the injection moulding process |
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681 | (2) |
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683 | (3) |
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5.6 Nonlinear control of the slosh-container system dynamics |
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686 | (14) |
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686 | (2) |
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5.6.2 Dynamic model of the slosh-container system |
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688 | (5) |
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5.6.3 Approximate linearization of the model of the slosh-container system |
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693 | (2) |
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695 | (5) |
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5.7 Nonlinear control of micro-satellites' attitude dynamics |
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700 | (13) |
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700 | (2) |
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5.7.2 Dynamic model of the micro-satellite attitude system |
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702 | (2) |
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5.7.3 Approximate linearization of the satellite's state-space model |
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704 | (5) |
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709 | (4) |
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5.8 Nonlinear control of the industrial crystallization process |
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713 | (16) |
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713 | (5) |
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5.8.2 Dynamic model of the industrial crystallization process |
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718 | (2) |
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5.8.3 Approximate linearization of the dynamics of the crystallization process |
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720 | (3) |
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723 | (6) |
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6 Control based on global linearisation for industrial and PDE systems |
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729 | (168) |
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6.1 Control of a robotic exoskeleton subject to time-delays |
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729 | (15) |
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729 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Dynamic model of the robotic exoskeleton |
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731 | (6) |
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6.1.3 Estimation of perturbations with the use of a disturbance observer |
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737 | (3) |
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740 | (4) |
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6.2 Adaptive control of synchronous reluctance machines |
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744 | (24) |
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744 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Dynamic model of the synchronous reluctance machines |
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746 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Differential flatness of the synchronous reluctance machine |
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748 | (2) |
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6.2.4 Flatness-based adaptive neurofuzzy control |
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750 | (6) |
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6.2.5 Application of flatness-based adaptive neurofuzzy control to the SRM |
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756 | (4) |
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6.2.6 Lyapunov stability analysis |
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760 | (5) |
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765 | (3) |
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6.3 Control of a mobile robotic manipulator |
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768 | (19) |
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768 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Dynamic model of the mobile manipulator |
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769 | (5) |
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6.3.3 Differential flatness properties of the model of the mobile manipulator |
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774 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Design of a flatness-based controller for the mobile manipulator |
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775 | (1) |
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6.3.5 Design of a flatness-based disturbances estimator |
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776 | (3) |
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779 | (8) |
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6.4 State of charge estimation in EVs with a KF-based disturbance observer |
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787 | (8) |
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787 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Dynamic model of the battery |
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788 | (3) |
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6.4.3 Kalman Filter-based disturbance observer |
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791 | (1) |
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792 | (3) |
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6.5 Control of nonlinear wave PDE dynamics |
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795 | (11) |
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795 | (1) |
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6.5.2 Transformation of the PDE model into a set of nonlinear ODEs |
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796 | (2) |
|
6.5.3 Differential flatness of the nonlinear PDE model |
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
6.5.4 Computation of a boundary conditions-based feedback control law |
|
|
799 | (3) |
|
6.5.5 Closed-loop dynamics |
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
|
803 | (3) |
|
6.6 Control of data-flow PDE for bandwidth allocation in internet routes |
|
|
806 | (11) |
|
|
806 | (2) |
|
6.6.2 PDE of the internet flow per route |
|
|
808 | (2) |
|
|
810 | (1) |
|
6.6.4 Differential flatness of the data flow model |
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
6.6.5 Flatness-based control for the data-flow model |
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
6.6.6 Stability analysis for the data-flow control loop |
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
|
814 | (3) |
|
6.7 Diffusion PDE control of data flow in communication networks |
|
|
817 | (13) |
|
|
817 | (2) |
|
6.7.2 Model of diffusion describing data flow in the communication network |
|
|
819 | (1) |
|
6.7.3 Transformation of the Fokker-Planck PDE into a set of nonlinear ODEs |
|
|
820 | (1) |
|
6.7.4 Differential flatness of the Fokker-Planck PDE model |
|
|
821 | (2) |
|
6.7.5 Computation of a boundary conditions-based feedback control law |
|
|
823 | (2) |
|
6.7.6 Closed-loop dynamics |
|
|
825 | (2) |
|
|
827 | (3) |
|
6.8 Control of the diffusion PDE in Li-ion batteries |
|
|
830 | (15) |
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
6.8.2 Diffusion PDE in Li-ion batteries |
|
|
830 | (4) |
|
6.8.3 Modeling in state-space form of the of the Li-ions diffusion PDE |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
6.8.4 Differential flatness of the battery's PDE diffusion model |
|
|
835 | (2) |
|
6.8.5 Computation of a boundary conditions-based feedback control law |
|
|
837 | (1) |
|
6.8.6 Closed-loop dynamics |
|
|
838 | (2) |
|
6.8.7 State estimation for the PDE diffusion model |
|
|
840 | (3) |
|
|
843 | (2) |
|
6.9 Control of the diffusion PDE in financial assets' management |
|
|
845 | (17) |
|
|
845 | (2) |
|
6.9.2 Dynamic model of stock-loans valuation |
|
|
847 | (2) |
|
6.9.3 Transformation of the stock-loan PDE into a set of nonlinear ODEs |
|
|
849 | (4) |
|
6.9.4 Differential flatness of the stock-loan PDE model |
|
|
853 | (2) |
|
6.9.5 Computation of a boundary conditions-based feedback control law |
|
|
855 | (2) |
|
6.9.6 Closed-loop dynamics |
|
|
857 | (2) |
|
|
859 | (3) |
|
6.10 Estimation of PDE dynamics of the highway traffic |
|
|
862 | (16) |
|
|
862 | (1) |
|
6.10.2 Traffic modeling with the use of PDEs |
|
|
863 | (2) |
|
6.10.3 Estimation of the Payne--Whitham model using Extended Kalman Filter |
|
|
865 | (4) |
|
6.10.4 Estimation of Payne-Whitham PDE with the derivative-free KF |
|
|
869 | (2) |
|
6.10.5 Derivative-free nonlinear Kalman Filter for the Payne-Whitham PDE |
|
|
871 | (4) |
|
|
875 | (3) |
|
6.11 Estimation of the PDE dynamics of a cable-suspended bridge |
|
|
878 | (19) |
|
|
878 | (2) |
|
6.11.2 Dynamic model of the suspended-bridge and vehicle interaction |
|
|
880 | (6) |
|
6.11.3 Kalman Filtering for state-estimation in the bridge and vehicle system |
|
|
886 | (4) |
|
6.11.4 Statistical fault diagnosis using the Kalman Filter |
|
|
890 | (3) |
|
|
893 | (4) |
Epilogue |
|
897 | (2) |
Glossary |
|
899 | (2) |
References |
|
901 | (100) |
Index |
|
1001 | |