List of Principal Symbols |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Authors |
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xxi | |
1 Block Pulse and Related Basis Functions |
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1 | (34) |
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1.1 Block Pulse and Related Basis Functions |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Orthogonal Functions and Their Properties |
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2 | (25) |
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1.2.1 Minimization of Mean Integral Square Error (MISE) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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1.2.3 Rademacher Functions |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (4) |
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1.2.4.1 Relation between Walsh Functions and Rademacher Functions |
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9 | (1) |
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1.2.4.2 Numerical Example |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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1.2.6 Block Pulse Functions (BPF) |
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11 | (3) |
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1.2.7 Relation among Haar, Walsh, and Block Pulse Functions |
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14 | (2) |
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1.2.8 Generalized Block Pulse Functions (GBPF) |
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16 | (4) |
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1.2.8.1 Advantages of Using Generalized BPF over Conventional BPF |
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19 | (1) |
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1.2.9 Pulse-Width Modulated Generalized Block Pulse Functions (PWM-GBPF) |
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20 | (3) |
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1.2.9.1 Conversion of a GBPF Set to a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) GBPF Set |
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20 | (2) |
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1.2.9.2 Principle of Representation of a Time Function via a Pulse-Width Modulated (PWM) GBPF Set |
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22 | (1) |
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1.2.10 Non-Optimal Block Pulse Functions (NOBPF) |
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23 | (1) |
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1.2.11 Delayed Unit Step Functions (DUSF) |
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23 | (4) |
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1.2.12 Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHF) |
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27 | (1) |
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1.3 BPF in Systems and Control |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
2 Function Approximation via Block Pulse Function and Related Functions |
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35 | (20) |
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2.1 Block Pulse Functions: Properties |
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35 | (5) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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2.2 Function Approximation |
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40 | (9) |
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2.2.1 Using Block Pulse Functions |
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40 | (2) |
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2.2.1.1 Numerical Examples |
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41 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Using Generalized Block Pulse Functions (GBPF) |
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42 | (2) |
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2.2.2.1 Numerical Example |
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42 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Using Pulse-Width Modulated Generalized Block Pulse Functions (PWM-GBPF) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.2.3.1 Numerical Example |
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44 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Using Non-Optimal Block Pulse Functions (NOBPF) |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2.4.1 Numerical Example |
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45 | (1) |
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2.2.5 Using Delayed Unit Step Functions (DUSF) |
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46 | (1) |
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2.2.5.1 Numerical Example |
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47 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Using Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHF) |
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47 | (9) |
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2.2.6.1 Numerical Example |
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47 | (2) |
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2.3 Error Analysis for Function Approximation in BPF Domain |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
3 Block Pulse Domain Operational Matrices for Integration and Differentiation |
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55 | (34) |
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3.1 Operational Matrix for Integration |
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56 | (7) |
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3.1.1 Nature of Integration of a Function in BPF Domain Using the Operational Matrix P |
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60 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Exact Integration and Operational Matrix Based Integration of a BPF Series Expanded Function |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (1) |
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3.2 Operational Matrices for Integration in Generalized Block Pulse Function Domain |
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63 | (4) |
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65 | (2) |
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3.3 Improvement of the Integration Operational Matrix of First Order |
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67 | (8) |
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73 | (2) |
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3.4 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Repeated Integration |
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75 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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3.5 Operational Matrix for Differentiation |
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78 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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3.6 Operational Matrices for Differentiation in Generalized Block Pulse Function Domain |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.7 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Repeated Differentiation |
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81 | (3) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
4 Operational Transfer Functions for System Analysis |
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89 | (24) |
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4.1 Walsh Operational Transfer Function (WOTF) |
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89 | (2) |
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4.2 Block Pulse Operational Transfer Function (BPOTF) for System Analysis |
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91 | (6) |
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92 | (5) |
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4.3 Oscillatory Phenomenon in Block Pulse Domain Analysis of First-Order Systems |
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97 | (3) |
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98 | (2) |
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4.4 Nature of Expansion of the BPOTF of a First-Order Plant |
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100 | (1) |
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4.5 Modified BPOTF (MBPOTF) Using All-Integrator Approach for System Analysis |
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101 | (8) |
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102 | (4) |
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4.5.2 Second-Order Plant with Imaginary Roots |
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106 | (1) |
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4.5.3 Second-Order Plant with Complex Roots |
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107 | (2) |
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4.6 Error Due to MBPOTF Approach |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
5 System Analysis and Identification Using Convolution and "Deconvolution" in BPF Domain |
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113 | (30) |
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5.1 The Convolution Process in BPF Domain |
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113 | (8) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.2 Identification of an Open Loop System via "Deconvolution" |
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121 | (3) |
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123 | (1) |
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5.3 Numerical Instability of the "Deconvolution" Operation: Its Mathematical Basis |
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124 | (8) |
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5.4 Identification of a Closed Loop System |
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132 | (6) |
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135 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Discussion on the Reliability of Result |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (3) |
6 Delayed Unit Step Functions (DUSF) for System Analysis and Fundamental Nature of the Block Pulse Function (BPF) Set |
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143 | (32) |
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6.1 The Set of DUSF and the Operational Matrix for Integration |
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144 | (6) |
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6.1.1 Alternative Way to Derive the Operational Matrix for Integration |
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147 | (2) |
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149 | (1) |
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6.2 Block Pulse Function versus Delayed Unit Step Function: A Comparative Study |
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150 | (10) |
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6.2.1 Function Approximation: BPF versus DUSF |
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150 | (2) |
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6.2.2 Analytical Assessment |
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152 | (8) |
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6.2.2.1 Identification of the Last Member of the DUSF Set |
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152 | (1) |
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6.2.2.2 Operational Matrix for Integration |
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153 | (4) |
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6.2.2.3 Operational Matrix for Integration and Related Transformation Matrices |
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157 | (3) |
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6.3 Stretch Matrix in DUSF Domain |
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160 | (4) |
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6.3.1 Stretch Matrices in Walsh and BPF Domain |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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6.4 Solution of a Functional Differential Equation Using DUSF |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
7 Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHFs) for System Analysis |
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175 | (26) |
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7.1 Brief Review of Sample-and-Hold Functions (SHF) |
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176 | (1) |
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7.2 Analysis of Control Systems with Sample-and-Hold Using the Operational Transfer Function Approach |
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176 | (5) |
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7.2.1 Sample-and-Hold Matrix for SHF-Based Analysis |
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179 | (2) |
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7.3 Operational Matrix for Integration in SHF Domain |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (1) |
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7.4 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Repeated Integration |
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184 | (3) |
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7.5 System Analysis Using One-Shot Operational Matrices and Operational Transfer Function |
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187 | (8) |
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187 | (3) |
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7.5.2 nth Order Plant with Single Pole of Multiplicity n |
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190 | (1) |
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7.5.3 Second-Order Plant with Imaginary Roots |
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191 | (3) |
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7.5.4 Second-Order Plant with Complex Roots |
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194 | (1) |
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7.6 Error Analysis: A Comparison between SHF and BPF |
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195 | (3) |
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7.6.1 Error Estimate for Sample-and-Hold Function Domain Approximation |
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196 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Error Estimate for Block Pulse Function Domain Approximation |
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197 | (1) |
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7.6.3 A Comparative Study |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
8 Discrete Time System Analysis Using a Set of Delta Functions (DFs) |
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201 | (20) |
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8.1 A Set of Mutually Disjoint Delta Functions |
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201 | (3) |
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8.2 Delta Function Domain Operational Matrices for Integration |
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204 | (3) |
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206 | (1) |
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8.3 One-Shot Operational Matrices for Repeated Integration |
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207 | (1) |
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8.4 Analysis of Discrete SISO Systems Using One-Shot Operational Matrices and Delta Operational Transfer Function |
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208 | (10) |
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210 | (3) |
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8.4.2 nth-Order Plant with Single Pole of Multiplicity n |
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213 | (1) |
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8.4.3 Second-Order Plant with Imaginary Roots |
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214 | (2) |
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8.4.4 Second-Order Plant with Complex Roots |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
9 Non-Optimal Block Pulse Functions (NOBPFs) for System Analysis and Identification |
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221 | (46) |
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9.1 Basic Properties of Non-Optimal Block Pulse Functions |
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221 | (7) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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9.2 From "Optimal" Coefficients to "Non-Optimal" Coefficients |
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228 | (1) |
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9.3 Function Approximation Using Non-Optimal Block Pulse Functions (NOBPF) |
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229 | (2) |
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230 | (1) |
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9.4 Operational Matrices for Integration |
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231 | (1) |
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9.5 The Process of Convolution and "Deconvolution" |
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232 | (1) |
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9.6 Analysis of an Open-Loop System via Convolution |
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233 | (11) |
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233 | (2) |
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9.6.2 Undamped Second-Order System |
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235 | (3) |
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9.6.3 Underdamped Second-Order System |
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238 | (6) |
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9.7 Identification of an Open-Loop System via "Deconvolution" |
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244 | (12) |
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244 | (1) |
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9.7.2 Undamped Second-Order System |
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245 | (4) |
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9.7.3 Underdamped Second-Order System |
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249 | (7) |
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9.8 Identification of a Closed-Loop System via "Deconvolution" |
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256 | (4) |
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9.8.1 Using "Optimal" BPF Coefficients |
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256 | (1) |
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9.8.2 Using "Non-Optimal" BPF Coefficients |
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257 | (3) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (3) |
10 System Analysis and Identification Using Linearly Pulse-Width Modulated Generalized Block Pulse Functions (LPWM-GBPF) |
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267 | (26) |
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10.1 Conversion of a GBPF Set to a LPWM-GBPF Set |
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268 | (1) |
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10.2 Representation of Time Functions via LPWM-GBPF Set |
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269 | (1) |
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10.3 Convolution Process in LPWM-GBPF Domain |
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269 | (12) |
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278 | (3) |
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10.4 Linear Feedback System Identification Using Generalized Convolution Matrix (GCVM) |
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281 | (4) |
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282 | (3) |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
Appendix A: Introduction to Linear Algebra |
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293 | (10) |
Appendix B: Selected MATLAB Programs |
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303 | (58) |
Index |
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