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E-raamat: Cooling of Rotating Electrical Machines: Fundamentals, modelling, testing and design

(University of Nottingham, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, UK), (Politecnico di Torino, Electrical Engineering Department, Italy), (Motor Design Ltd, UK), (Motor Design Ltd, UK)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Energy Engineering
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781785613524
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Cooling of Rotating Electrical Machines: Fundamentals, modelling, testing and designSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Sari: Energy Engineering
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Sep-2022
  • Kirjastus: Institution of Engineering and Technology
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781785613524
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Thermal management is an issue with all electrical machines, including electric vehicle drives and wind turbine generators. Excessively high temperatures lead to loss of performance, degradation and deformation of components, and ultimately loss of the system.

Cooling of Rotating Electrical Machines: Fundamentals, modelling, testing and design provides a foundation of heat transfer and ventilation for the design of machines. It offers a range of practical approaches to the thermal design, as well as design data and case studies. Chapters cover fundamentals of heat transfer, fluid flow, thermal modelling of electrical machines, computational methods for modelling ventilation and heat transfer such as finite element methods and computational fluid dynamics, thermal test methods, and application of design methods.

Intended for engineers and researchers working in either academia or machine design companies, this book provides sound insights into the phenomena of heat transfer and fluid flow, giving readers an understanding of how to approach the thermal design of any machine.



This is a concise book on cooling and thermal management of rotating electrical machines, such as drives, motors and generators. The work provides a sound insight into heat transfer and fluid flow so that readers can understand the thermal design of any machine.

List of figures
xiii
List of tables
xxi
About the Authors xxiii
Nomenclature xxv
1 Introduction
1(4)
2 Fundamentals of heat transfer
5(50)
2.1 Conduction heat transfer
5(18)
2.1.1 Fourier's law
5(1)
2.1.2 Thermal conductivity
6(2)
2.1.3 Thermal conduction in one dimension at steady state
8(3)
2.1.4 General conduction equation
11(2)
2.1.5 Thermal contact resistance
13(2)
2.1.6 Boundary conditions
15(1)
2.1.7 Solution of steady-state heat conduction problems in two and three dimensions
16(1)
2.1.8 Transient heat conduction
17(6)
2.2 Convection heat transfer
23(10)
2.2.1 Physical processes taking place in a convection
23(3)
2.2.2 Correlations of heat transfer coefficient
26(7)
2.3 Radiation heat transfer
33(7)
2.3.1 Nature of thermal radiation
33(2)
2.3.2 Heat transfer due to radiation
35(4)
2.3.3 Combined radiation and convection (the radiation heat transfer coefficient)
39(1)
2.4 Extended surfaces (fins)
40(4)
2.4.1 Introduction
40(1)
2.4.2 Fin efficiency
41(2)
2.4.3 Fin effectiveness
43(1)
2.5 Heat exchangers
44(4)
2.5.1 Introduction
44(1)
2.5.2 Overall heat transfer coefficient
45(2)
2.5.3 Effectiveness-NTU approach
47(1)
2.6 Convective heat transfer enhancement
48(1)
2.7 Heat transfer with a phase change (heat pipes)
49(1)
2.8 Heat transfer in an annular gap
50(2)
2.8.1 Annular gap with no axial flow
51(1)
2.8.2 Effect of slotted surfaces in the annular gap
52(1)
2.9 Heat transfer in rotating ducts
52(3)
References
53(2)
3 Fundamentals of fluid flow
55(30)
3.1 Basic principles of fluid flow
55(7)
3.1.1 Viscosity and boundary layer
56(1)
3.1.2 Navier-Stokes equations
57(3)
3.1.3 Dimensional analysis and dimensionless parameters
60(2)
3.2 Flow in ducts
62(6)
3.2.1 Pressure loss
63(3)
3.2.2 Flow separation pressure loss
66(2)
3.3 Fans and rotor driven pressure gains
68(6)
3.3.1 Euler's turbomachinery equation
68(5)
3.3.2 Fan's laws
73(1)
3.4 Flow in the air gap
74(5)
3.4.1 Rotational pressure losses in the air gap
76(1)
3.4.2 Frictional pressure loss
76(1)
3.4.3 Entrance pressure loss
77(2)
3.5 Flow in rotating ducts
79(4)
3.5.1 Frictional pressure loss
80(1)
3.5.2 Entrance pressure loss
80(1)
3.5.3 Flow exits from rotating ducts
81(2)
3.6 Flow over rotating discs
83(2)
References
83(2)
4 Thermal modelling of electrical machines
85(56)
4.1 Modelling technique - lumped parameter thermal network
88(23)
4.1.1 Coil's anisotropic thermal conductivity
92(2)
4.1.2 Winding heat transfer
94(1)
4.1.3 End-space cooling
95(5)
4.1.4 Bearing losses and heat transfer
100(2)
4.1.5 Lamination stack heat transfer
102(1)
4.1.6 Interfaces
103(3)
4.1.7 Machine losses
106(5)
4.2 TENV cooling
111(2)
4.3 TEFC cooling
113(5)
4.4 Open ventilated cooling
118(5)
4.5 Close circuit cooling with heat exchanger
123(2)
4.6 Housing water jacket cooling
125(6)
4.7 Sleeve with flooded stator cooling
131(2)
4.8 Oil spray cooling
133(8)
References
136(5)
5 Advanced computational methods for modelling ventilation and heat transfer
141(30)
5.1 Finite-element methods
141(9)
5.1.1 Stranded random wound winding
142(2)
5.1.2 Bobbin stranded wound winding
144(1)
5.1.3 Hairpin winding
145(2)
5.1.4 Pre-formed wound winding
147(2)
5.1.5 Litz wires
149(1)
5.2 CFD
150(21)
5.2.1 Introduction to CFD
150(2)
5.2.2 Using CFD
152(8)
5.2.3 Specific issues concerning the application of CFD to electrical machines
160(5)
5.2.4 Examples of application of CFD
165(3)
References
168(3)
6 Thermal test methods
171(26)
6.1 Measurement methods
171(10)
6.1.1 Temperature measurement
171(4)
6.1.2 Heat flux measurement
175(2)
6.1.3 Air flow measurement
177(3)
6.1.4 Liquid flow measurement
180(1)
6.2 Winding insulation system thermal conductivity
181(4)
6.3 Motor losses
185(4)
6.3.1 Measurement of windage losses
187(1)
6.3.2 Calorimetry for measurement of total loss
188(1)
6.4 Thermal model calibration
189(2)
6.5 Thermal model calibration using a short transient test
191(6)
References
194(3)
7 Application of design methods (case studies)
197(38)
7.1 Thermal management of electrical insulation system
197(8)
7.1.1 Slot liner
198(3)
7.1.2 Impregnation resin
201(4)
7.2 Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated cooling
205(2)
7.3 Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooling
207(3)
7.4 Open ventilated cooling
210(4)
7.5 Close circuit cooling with a heat exchanger
214(2)
7.6 Housing water jacket cooling
216(3)
7.7 Sleeve with flooded stator cooling
219(3)
7.8 Oil spray cooling
222(6)
7.9 High-Performance machine with multiple cooling methods
228(7)
References
232(3)
Index 235
Dave Staton (PhD) is the founder and president of Motor Design Ltd (MDL), UK. MDL's Motor-CAD Therm software focuses on electric motor cooling system analysis and design. Previously, David has worked on motor design and in particular development of motor design software at Thorn EMI, the SPEED Laboratory at Glasgow University and at Emerson Electric.



Eddie Chong (PhD) is the technical lead (Asia) of Motor Design Ltd, UK. He has been working on research and consultancy projects on the thermal management of electrical machines over the last 10 years. Also, he has worked on the development of Motor-CAD software for more advanced cooling methods by combining analytical and numerical modelling techniques together with experimental methods for high-power dense electrical machines.



Steve Pickering is a professor of mechanical engineering in the Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of Nottingham, UK. He has been undertaking research on the ventilation and cooling of rotating electrical machines for over 25 years combining both experimental and computational investigations. In recent years, he has used numerical modelling techniques to develop innovative thermal management strategies for high-power density electrical machines for a variety of applications.



Aldo Boglietti is a full professor of Electrical Machines and former head of the Electrical Engineering Department of the Politecnico di Torino, Italy. He is an IEEE fellow member. He was Chair of the Electrical Machine Committee of IEEE IAS (2011-2013), and of IEEE IES (2009-2010). He has written over 270 papers on International Journals and Conferences. In 2020, he was recognized of the ICEM Arthur Ellison Outstanding Achievement Award.
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