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1 | (14) |
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9 | (6) |
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2 Measurement Uncertainty and Requirements of Production System. Selected Issues of Measurement Uncertainty Theory |
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15 | (40) |
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2.1 Coordinate Measurement During Production Process |
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15 | (4) |
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2.2 Measurement Uncertainty |
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19 | (9) |
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2.3 Vector Concept of Describing Coordinate Measurement Accuracy: Measuring Point Reproducibility Error |
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28 | (12) |
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2.4 Coordinate Measurement Uncertainty and Regulatory Requirements |
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40 | (15) |
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46 | (9) |
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3 Classic (Nonsimulative) Methods of Measurement Accuracy Assessment |
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55 | (76) |
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3.1 Method Using the Calibrated Object or the Standard |
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57 | (12) |
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3.2 Noncalibrated Object Method (Multiposition Method) |
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69 | (11) |
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3.2.1 Measurement of an Object Characteristic |
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72 | (1) |
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3.2.2 Measurements of Length Standards |
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72 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Measurement of Diameter Standards |
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73 | (1) |
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3.2.4 Calculation of the Value of Measured Object Characteristic |
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74 | (1) |
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3.2.5 Calculation of Measurement Uncertainty |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2.6 Calculation of the Uncertainty Component urep |
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76 | (1) |
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3.2.7 Calculation of Uncertainty Component ugeo |
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77 | (1) |
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3.2.8 Calculation of Uncertainty Component ucorrL |
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77 | (1) |
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3.2.9 Calculation of Uncertainty Component of Length Change Derived from Thermal Influences |
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78 | (2) |
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3.3 Monte Carlo Method for Uncertainty Determination in Multiposition and Substitution Method |
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80 | (5) |
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3.4 Determination of Uncertainty of Freeform Profile Measurement |
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85 | (7) |
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3.5 Measurement Uncertainty Estimation for Calibrations Based on Error Source Identification: Error Budget |
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92 | (17) |
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3.5.1 Uncertainty Budget for the Calibration Procedure of the Plate Standard (Hole Plate) Calibrated on PMM12106 Leitz Machine |
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94 | (4) |
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3.5.2 Thermodynamic Model |
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98 | (4) |
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3.5.3 Description of the Hole Plate Calibration Procedure |
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102 | (7) |
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3.6 Methods Based on Relations Resulting from the Model of Maximum Permissible Errors of Coordinate Measuring System |
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109 | (5) |
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3.7 Analytical Method of Measurement Uncertainty Determination |
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114 | (17) |
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3.7.1 Geometric Error Model |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (5) |
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3.7.3 Measurement Uncertainty as a Complex Uncertainty |
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120 | (1) |
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3.7.4 Estimation of Maximum Value for the Geometric Error Difference |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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3.7.6 Particular Stages in the Operating Software |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (6) |
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4 Analysis of the Accuracy of Coordinate Measuring Systems |
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131 | (96) |
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4.1 Sources and Causes of Coordinate Measuring Machine Errors |
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131 | (5) |
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4.2 Identification and Software Correction of Measuring Machine Errors |
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136 | (20) |
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4.2.1 Determination of Geometric Errors of the Measuring Machine Using the Laser Interferometer |
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139 | (4) |
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4.2.2 PTB Method Using Plate Standard for Geometric Errors of Coordinate Measuring Machine Identification |
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143 | (8) |
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4.2.3 Identification of Geometric Errors Using Laser Tracker Systems and Multilateration Method |
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151 | (5) |
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4.3 Error Sources of Point Coordinates Contact Acquisition System---Probe Head Error Function |
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156 | (15) |
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4.3.1 Analysis of Error Sources and Causes: Probe Head Error Function (PEF) |
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156 | (8) |
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4.3.2 Contact Probe Head Error Tests |
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164 | (7) |
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4.4 Matrix Method (MM) of CMM Accuracy Identification |
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171 | (23) |
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4.4.1 Idea of the MM Method |
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171 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Connection of MM Method with Reproducibility Error of Measuring Point (REMP) |
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173 | (5) |
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4.4.3 Matrix Method Evaluation Based on Comparative Tests Carried Out on Accurate Measuring Machine |
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178 | (4) |
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4.4.4 Use of Matrix Method for Error Identification of Large Measuring Machines (LCMM) |
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182 | (12) |
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4.5 Modeling and Identification of Errors of Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machines (AACMM) |
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194 | (33) |
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4.5.1 Idea of AACMM Errors Model |
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195 | (3) |
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4.5.2 AACMM Kinematic Description: Denavit--Hartenberg Notation |
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198 | (7) |
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4.5.3 Kinematic Model (KmAACMM) Parameter Identification |
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205 | (4) |
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4.5.4 Visualization and Correctness Assessment of Kinematic Model (KmAACMM) |
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209 | (4) |
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213 | (14) |
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5 Simulation Methods for Assessing Accuracy of Measurements |
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227 | (110) |
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5.1 Introduction to Modeling of Measurement Devices and Systems |
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227 | (9) |
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5.1.1 Construction of the Model |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (4) |
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5.1.3 Comparison of Uncertainty Budget with Simulation |
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233 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Model of Measurement Process |
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235 | (1) |
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5.2 Simulation Models of Coordinate Measuring Systems |
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236 | (101) |
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5.2.1 Virtual Measuring Machine PTB |
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237 | (7) |
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5.2.2 Universal Model of Coordinate Measuring Machine: Virtual CMM CUT |
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244 | (4) |
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5.2.3 Virtual CMM Based on Artificial Neutral Networks |
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248 | (39) |
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5.2.4 Virtual CMM Based on the Monte Carlo Method |
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287 | (21) |
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5.2.5 CMM Simulator and Virtual Machine |
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308 | (9) |
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5.2.6 Virtual Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine (VAACMM) |
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317 | (11) |
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328 | (9) |
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6 Accuracy of Modern Coordinate Measuring Systems |
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337 | |
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6.1 Coordinate Systems Accuracy Test in Accordance with ISO Standards |
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338 | (19) |
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6.1.1 Accuracy Testing and Calibration of Contact Systems |
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339 | (9) |
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6.1.2 Accuracy Testing and Calibration of Optical Systems and Computed Tomography |
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348 | (9) |
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6.2 Standards Used for Reverification and Interim Tests for CMM |
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357 | |