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E-raamat: Copyright in the Age of Online Access: Alternative Compensation Systems in EU law

  • Formaat: 506 pages
  • Sari: Information Law Series Set
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-May-2017
  • Kirjastus: Kluwer Law International
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789041186805
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Copyright in the Age of Online Access: Alternative Compensation Systems in EU lawSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 506 pages
  • Sari: Information Law Series Set
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-May-2017
  • Kirjastus: Kluwer Law International
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789041186805
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Features:

  • Extensive treatment of restrictions on exclusive rights in EU copyright law.
  • Comprehensive description of the rights and limitations applicable to the online activities of end-users under EU law. ¿
  • Thorough historic and normative examination of access and remuneration models for mass use of copyright works.
  • Detailed analysis of the admissibility of legalising non-commercial online use of copyright works in EU law.
  • Reform proposals for the regulation of non-commercial online use. ¿

Benefits:

  • Navigate the maze of rules that govern the online use of copyright works in EU law.
  • Assess the legal status of the activities of Internet users, including areas of legal uncertainty.
  • Understand the range of possible interpretations of rights and limitations in EU copyright law, and their implications.
  • Gain awareness of legal alternatives to the exclusive right, based on models of access and remuneration, and how they can be implemented in EU law.
Abbreviations xiii
Figures and Tables xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Note to the Readers xix
Chapter 1 Introduction: Challenges for Copyright in the Online Environment 1(20)
1.1 Background and Problem Definition
1(8)
1.2 Research Questions
9(2)
1.3 Methodology
11(5)
1.4 Scientific and Societal Relevance
16(1)
1.5 Outline
17(4)
Chapter 2 Copyright Rewind: Precedents for Compensation Systems 21(64)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Precedent Selection
22(8)
2.2.1 Copyright Rule or Scheme
23(1)
2.2.2 Regulation of Large-Scale or Mass Use
24(1)
2.2.3 Non-voluntary Licences
25(2)
2.2.4 Equitable Remuneration or Fair Compensation
27(3)
2.2.5 Selection of Precedents
30(1)
2.3 Statutory Licensing for Private Copying
30(25)
2.3.1 A German Legal Creation
31(8)
2.3.1.1 Pre-1965: The GEMA Litigation that Shaped the Act
32(4)
2.3.1.2 The 1965 German Copyright Act and Its 1985 Amendment
36(3)
2.3.2 A Legal Chronology of International Developments
39(7)
2.3.2.1 Berne Convention: The 1967 Stockholm Revision Conference
39(4)
2.3.2.2 Post-Stockholm: From 1967 to the 1990s
43(1)
2.3.2.3 Preparatory Works for the 1996 WIPO Treaties
44(2)
2.3.3 Manifestations in the Acquis
46(6)
2.3.4 Conclusions on Statutory Licensing for Private Copying
52(3)
2.4 Compulsory Licensing for Broadcasting and Communication to the Public
55(25)
2.4.1 The Early Days of Broadcasting
56(5)
2.4.2 Compulsory Licensing for Broadcasting and Communication to the Public in the Berne Convention
61(9)
2.4.2.1 Analysis
61(4)
2.4.2.2 Justifications
65(5)
2.4.3 Compulsory Licensing for Related Rights: Brief Reference
70(2)
2.4.4 Manifestations in the Acquis
72(5)
2.4.5 Conclusions on Compulsory Licensing for Broadcasting and Communication to the Public
77(3)
2.5 Conclusions
80(5)
Chapter 3 Alternative Compensation Systems: Taxonomy of Legalisation Proposals 85(66)
3.1 Introduction
85(3)
3.2 Conceptual Design
88(6)
3.3 Types of Alternative Compensation System
94(44)
3.3.1 Some Basics on Collective Rights Management
95(5)
3.3.2 Voluntary Collective Licensing
100(6)
3.3.2.1 Characterisation and Legal Framework
100(4)
3.3.2.2 Legalisation Proposals
104(2)
3.3.3 Extended Collective Licensing
106(7)
3.3.3.1 Characterisation and Legal Framework
106(5)
3.3.3.2 Legalisation Proposals
111(2)
3.3.4 Mandatory Collective Management
113(13)
3.3.4.1 Characterisation and Legal Framework
113(5)
3.3.4.2 Theories on Mandatory Collective Management
118(6)
3.3.4.2.1 Limited Applicability to Exclusive Rights
118(2)
3.3.4.2.2 Broader Applicability to Exclusive Rights
120(3)
3.3.4.2.3 The Impact of Soulier and Doke
123(1)
3.3.4.3 Legalisation Proposals
124(2)
3.3.5 Legal Licences: Statutory and Compulsory
126(6)
3.3.5.1 Characterisation and Legal Framework
126(4)
3.3.5.2 Legalisation Proposals
130(2)
3.3.6 State Systems
132(6)
3.3.6.1 Characterisation and Legal Framework
132(4)
3.3.6.2 Legalisation Proposals
136(2)
3.4 Attributes of Alternative Compensation Systems
138(10)
3.4.1 Subject Matter Scope
139(1)
3.4.2 Substantive Rights Scope: Authorised Use
140(3)
3.4.3 Compensation Type
143(1)
3.4.4 Management System
144(2)
3.4.5 Compensation Targets
146(1)
3.4.6 Burden of Compensation
147(1)
3.5 Conclusions
148(3)
Chapter 4 Between Rights and Limitations: Mapping the Space for the Legalisation of the Online Use of Copyright Works 151(94)
4.1 Introduction
151(1)
4.2 Typology of Online Uses
152(6)
4.2.1 Browsing
153(1)
4.2.2 Downloading
153(1)
4.2.3 Streaming
154(1)
4.2.4 Stream Capture or Ripping
155(1)
4.2.5 Uploading
155(1)
4.2.6 Hyperlinking
156(1)
4.2.7 Digital Adaptations
157(1)
4.3 How Does the Bundle of Exclusive Rights in the Acquis Apply to Mass Online Use of Works by Individuals?
158(33)
4.3.1 Uses Covered by the Right of Reproduction
161(3)
4.3.1.1 Legal Framework
161(2)
4.3.1.2 Application to Activities of Internet Users
163(1)
4.3.2 Uses Covered by the Right of Communication to the Public
164(27)
4.3.2.1 Legal Framework
164(19)
4.3.2.1.1 An 'Act of Communication'
167(3)
4.3.2.1.2 Communication to the 'Public'
170(1)
4.3.2.1.3 Specific Technical Means
171(2)
4.3.2.1.4 New Public and Online Use
173(1)
4.3.2.1.4.1 Initial Application in Svensson
174(1)
4.3.2.1.4.2 The Issue of Unauthorised Sources and GS Media
176(6)
4.3.2.1.5 Profit-Making Nature of the Communication
182(1)
4.3.2.2 Application to Activities of Internet Users
183(8)
4.4 What limitations Apply to Uses Covered by Exclusive Rights?
191(47)
4.4.1 General Framework, Objectives and Interpretation of Copyright Limitations
191(16)
4.4.1.1 General Framework
191(3)
4.4.1.2 Relationship with Technological Protection Measures
194(4)
4.4.1.3 Objectives
198(1)
4.4.1.4 The Court's Case Law: From Strict Interpretation to Restricted Flexibility
199(6)
4.4.1.5 Interim Conclusions
205(2)
4.4.2 Temporary and Transient Copying
207(5)
4.4.3 Private Copying
212(15)
4.4.3.1 Private Use
213(1)
4.4.3.2 Non-commercial
214(1)
4.4.3.3 Fair Compensation
215(2)
4.4.3.4 Rights Holders' Authorisation
217(2)
4.4.3.5 Application of Technological Protection Measures
219(1)
4.4.3.6 Lawfulness of Source
220(3)
4.4.3.7 Third Party Devices Used for Copying
223(2)
4.4.3.8 Application to Activities of Internet Users
225(2)
4.4.4 Limitations Susceptible of Application to Digital Adaptations
227(88)
4.4.4.1 Quotations
230(3)
4.4.4.2 Incidental Inclusion
233(1)
4.4.4.3 Caricature, Parody and Pastiche
234(2)
4.4.4.4 Interim Conclusions
236(2)
4.5 Conclusions
238(7)
Chapter 5 Copyright Reform: Admissibility of Legalisation under the Three-Step Test and the Objectives of EU Copyright Law 245(120)
5.1 Introduction
245(2)
5.2 Analytical Framework of the Three-Step Test
247(16)
5.2.1 Variants and Interpretation
247(11)
5.2.1.1 The Berne Convention and Its Relationship to Other Treaties
250(3)
5.2.1.2 The WIPO Treaties and the Agreed Statements
253(1)
5.2.1.3 The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Law
254(1)
5.2.1.4 EU Copyright Law and Its Relationship to International Law
255(3)
5.2.2 Spectrum of Readings
258(1)
5.2.2.1 Strict Interpretation
258(2)
5.2.2.2 Flexible Interpretation
260(3)
5.3 The Space for an Alternative Compensation System in the Three-Step Test
263(52)
5.3.1 Certain Special Cases
263(5)
5.3.1.1 Certain Cases
264(1)
5.3.1.2 Special Cases: Qualitative and Quantitative Considerations
264(4)
5.3.2 Conflict with the Normal Exploitation of Works
268(17)
5.3.2.1 The Traditional View of Normal Exploitation
268(4)
5.3.2.2 Objections to the Traditional View of Normal Exploitation
272(3)
5.3.2.3 A Flexible Interpretation of Normal Exploitation
275(1)
5.3.2.3.1 Normal Exploitation and Non-commercial Use of Works
276(1)
5.3.2.3.2 Indirect Effect on Commercial Exploitation
278(1)
5.3.2.3.3 Normal Exploitation and Compensation
284(1)
5.3.3 Unreasonable Prejudice to Legitimate Interests
285(25)
5.3.3.1 Unreasonable Prejudice
287(1)
5.3.3.2 Legitimate Interests of Rights Holders and the Public Interest
288(3)
5.3.3.3 The Interests of Rights Holders and Fair Compensation
291(3)
5.3.3.4 The Conflicting Interests of Creators and Exploiters
294(2)
5.3.3.5 Public Interest in the Promotion of Creativity and Circulation of Works
296(2)
5.3.3.6 Public Interest in the Respect of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
298(1)
5.3.3.6.1 Freedom of Expression and Information
298(1)
5.3.3.6.2 Protection of Privacy and Personal Data
304(1)
5.3.3.6.3 Intermediaries and Freedom to Conduct a Business
306(4)
5.3.4 Summary: Application of the Three-Step Test
310(5)
5.4 Overcoming Conflicts with the Normal Exploitation of Works
315(11)
5.4.1 Embargo Periods
315(3)
5.4.2 Opt-Out Rules
318(8)
5.4.2.1 Opt-Out Rules and Alternative Compensation Systems
319(4)
5.4.2.2 Are Opt-Out Rules Prohibited Formalities?
323(3)
5.5 The Normative Choice Between Exclusivity and Remunerated Access
326(31)
5.5.1 Copyright Theories, Exclusivity and Remuneration
327(14)
5.5.1.1 Natural Rights
332(4)
5.5.1.2 Utilitarianism
336(5)
5.5.2 The Access and Remuneration Dimensions of Copyright
341(8)
5.5.3 Normative Consistency with EU Copyright Law
349(8)
5.6 Conclusions
357(8)
Chapter 6 Summary and Conclusions: Towards Access and Remuneration 365(44)
6.1 Summary
366(20)
6.1.1 The Case for Reform of EU Copyright Law
366(3)
6.1.2 Lessons from the Past
369(2)
6.1.3 A Taxonomy of Alternative Compensation Systems
371(3)
6.1.4 The Legal Space for Non-commercial Online Use of Works in EU Copyright Law
374(4)
6.1.5 The Admissibility of a Limitation-Based Statutory Licence for Non-commercial Online Use under the Three-Step Test and Its Consistency with the Objectives of EU Copyright Law
378(8)
6.2 A Blueprint for Reform: A Limitation-Based Statutory Licence for Non-commercial Online Use of Works by Individuals
386(20)
6.2.1 Beneficiaries (and Intermediaries)
386(1)
6.2.2 Subject Matter Scope
387(4)
6.2.3 Substantive Rights Scope: Authorised Non-commercial Online Use of Works
391(3)
6.2.4 Fair Compensation
394(3)
6.2.5 Agreed Contractual Terms
397(1)
6.2.6 Basic Operation
398(4)
6.2.7 Scaling Down Reform: Adaptability of the Proposal to Collective Licensing
402(4)
6.3 A Way Forward
406(3)
Bibliography 409(38)
Primary Sources: Legal Texts 447(8)
Secondary Sources 455(8)
Table of Cases 463(10)
Index 473
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