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E-raamat: Core Curriculum for Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing - E-Book

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  • ISBN-13: 9780323265010
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Perfect as a resource in the field or for exam preparation, this authoritative reference from the Association of Womens Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) includes in-depth coverage of the most common neonatal disorders and their management. The concise outline format highlights the essentials of each condition including definition, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, treatments, and outcomes to help you find important information quickly. This new edition also features an increased focus on evidence-based practice, new CAMTS and AAMS guidelines, new techniques for PICC placement, and changes to the Neonatal Resuscitation Program.All necessary information to prepare for the neonatal intensive care nursing certification examination is included.Concise outline format provides access to important nursing considerations associated with the management of the most common conditions in the neonate.Text provides a collaborative effort between the three most authoritative associations in neonatal intensive care nursing - AWHONN, AACN, and NANN.Information on families, ethics, legal issues, research, case management, and the transition to home acknowledge the full scope of neonatal nursing practice. NEW! CAMTS and AAMS guidelines, techniques for PICC placement, and changes to the Neonatal Resuscitation Program are just a few of the updates that reveal the importance the new edition places on safety practices and procedures. NEW! Updated chapter on Patient Safety includes selected improvement strategies and resources for neonatal nurses to build a patient safety toolkit, discusses TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety), and recognizes human issues, such as shift work and fatigue.NEW! Increased focus on evidence-based practice for preterm infants, medications, and antepartum-intrapartum complications sets the standard for neonatal nursing practice.NEW! Strategies to promote inclusionary care better reflect nursing care today by focusing on family-centered care, comprehensive perinatal records, health care teams in the NICU, and best practices in the care of the late preterm infant. NEW! Comprehensively revised chapter on Immunology identifies risk factors for infection associated with term and preterm infants, distinguishes clinical symptoms and therapies associated with TORCHES CLAP spectrum infections, and includes prevention strategies for hospital-acquired infections.NEW! Thoroughly updated content and references reflect currency and technologic advances.NEW! Refocused chapter on Developmental Care guides the nurse to use assessment within the context of the environment and situation to initiate interventions in the moment or use patterns of responses for developing plans of care and presents core measures on evaluating developmental care practices in the NICU.
SECTION ONE ANTEPARTUM, INTRAPARTUM, AND TRANSITION TO EXTRAUTERINE LIFE
1 Uncomplicated Antepartum, Intrapartum, and Postpartum Care
1(20)
Bonita Shviraga
Terminology
1(1)
Normal Maternal Physiologic Changes by Systems
1(5)
Antepartum Care
6(5)
Normal Labor and Birth
11(7)
Puerperium: Fourth Trimester”r;
18(3)
2 Antepartum-Intrapartum Complications
21(22)
Helen M. Hurst
Anatomy and Physiology
21(4)
Conditions Related to the Antepartum Period
25(4)
Conditions Related to the Intrapartum Period
29(8)
Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia
37(6)
3 Perinatal Substance Abuse
43(15)
Jan Sherman
Overview
43(2)
Preconception Counseling and Interventions
45(1)
Treatment Approaches for Pregnant Women
45(1)
Mechanisms of Action of Drugs on the Fetus
46(1)
Identification of Prenatal Exposure
47(2)
Medical Issues in the Fetal and Newborn Period
49(1)
Neonatal Drug Withdrawal and Acute Toxicity
50(1)
Neonatal Narcotic Abstinence Syndrome
50(1)
Cocaine and Other Stimulants
50(1)
Opioids
50(1)
Clinical Presentation of Opioid Withdrawal
51(1)
Preterm Infants and Drug Withdrawal
51(1)
Assessment of Withdrawal
51(1)
Nonpharmacologic Treatment
52(1)
Pharmacologic Treatment
53(1)
Acquired Opioid and Benzodiazepine Dependency
53(1)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
54(1)
Long-Term Effects Related to Prenatal Drug Exposure
54(1)
Breastfeeding and Substance Abuse
54(1)
Discharge and Follow-Up Care
55(1)
Resumption of Substance Use Among Recent Mothers
56(1)
Future Therapies
56(2)
4 Adaptation to Extrauterine Life
58(19)
M. Terese Verklan
Anatomy and Physiology
58(5)
Routine Care Considerations During Transition
63(4)
Recognition of the Sick Newborn Infant
67(7)
Parent Teaching
74(3)
5 Neonatal Delivery Room Resuscitation
77(18)
Barbara Elizabeth Pappas
Deanna Lynn Robey
Definitions
77(1)
Anatomy and Physiology
77(2)
Risk Factors
79(1)
Anticipation of and Preparation for Resuscitation
80(3)
Equipment for Neonatal Resuscitation
83(1)
Apgar Scoring
84(1)
Decision-Making Process
84(6)
Unusual Situations
90(2)
Complications of Resuscitation
92(1)
Postresuscitation Care
93(2)
SECTION TWO CORNERSTONES OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
6 Thermoregulation
95(15)
M. Colleen Brand
Holly A. Boyd
Introduction
95(5)
Physiology of Thermoregulation
100(1)
Management of the Thermal Environment
101(6)
Summary
107(3)
7 Physical Assessment
110(36)
Kathleen Benjamin
Susan Arana Furdon
Perinatal History
110(3)
Gestational-Age Instruments
113(4)
Classification of Growth and Maturity
117(5)
Physical Examination
122(24)
8 Fluid and Electrolyte Management
146(16)
Brenda Hueske Halbardier
Fluid Balance
146(3)
Disorders of Fluid Balance
149(3)
Electrolyte Balance and Disorders
152(6)
Acid--Base Balance and Disorders
158(4)
9 Glucose Management
162(10)
Debra Armentrout
Glucose Homeostasis
162(1)
Hypoglycemia
163(4)
Infant of Diabetic Mother
167(1)
Hyperglycemia
168(1)
Transient or Permanent Neonatal Diabetes
169(3)
10 Nutritional Management
172(25)
Georgia R. Ditzenberger
Anatomy and Physiology of the Premature Infant's GI Tract
172(3)
Nutritional Requirements
175(5)
Parenteral Nutrition
180(4)
Enteral Feedings: Human Milk and Commercial Formulas for Term, Special-Needs, and Premature Infants
184(4)
Enteral Feeding Methods
188(3)
Nursing Interventions to Facilitate Tolerance of Enteral Feedings
191(1)
Nutritional Assessment and Standards for Adequate Growth
192(5)
11 Developmental Support
197(19)
Carol Turnage Spruill
Early Experience
197(1)
What Is Developmental Care?
198(1)
Operationalizing Developmental Care
199(6)
Developmentally Supportive Environment
205(4)
Developmental Care Practices
209(4)
Parent Support and Involvement
213(1)
Teamwork and Continuity of Care
214(2)
12 Pharmacology
216(19)
Christine D. Domonoske
Principles of Pharmacology
216(1)
Pharmacodynamics
217(1)
Pharmacokinetics
218(8)
Medication Categories
226(7)
Nursing Implications for Medication Administration in the Neonate
233(2)
13 Laboratory and Diagnostic Test Interpretation
235(18)
Diane M. Szlachetka
Laboratory Tests in the NICU
235(3)
Purpose of Laboratory Testing
238(1)
Process of Laboratory Collection
238(2)
Concepts of Laboratory Test Interpretation
240(1)
Principles of Test Utilization
241(1)
Iatrogenic Sequelae of Laboratory Testing---Preventive Strategies
242(3)
Decision---Questions to Ask Prior to Obtaining a Laboratory Test
245(2)
Laboratory Interpretation---Decision Tree
247(6)
14 Radiologic Evaluation
253(29)
Linda Lane Ehret
Basic Concepts
253(1)
Terminology
253(1)
X-Ray Views Commonly Used in the Newborn Infant
254(1)
Radiographic Densities
255(1)
Risks Associated With Radiographic Examination in the Neonate
255(1)
Approach to Interpreting an X-ray
255(2)
Respiratory System
257(1)
Pulmonary Parenchymal Disease
258(4)
Pulmonary Air Leaks
262(1)
Miscellaneous Causes of Respiratory Distress
263(1)
Thoracic Surgical Problems
264(3)
Cardiovascular System
267(3)
Gastrointestinal System
270(6)
Skeletal System
276(2)
Indwelling Lines and Tubes
278(1)
Diagnostic Imaging
279(3)
15 Common Invasive Procedures
282(34)
Teresa Bailey
Airway Procedures
282(8)
Circulatory Access Procedures
290(15)
Blood Sampling Procedures
305(4)
Miscellaneous Procedures
309(5)
Simulation
314(2)
16 Pain Assessment and Management
316(15)
Marlene Walden
Definition of Pain
316(1)
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Procedures that Cause Pain
316(2)
Physiology of Acute Pain in Preterm Neonates
318(1)
Standards of Practice
319(1)
Pain Assessment
320(1)
Pain Assessment Instruments
321(2)
Nursing Care of the Infant in Pain
323(4)
Pain Management At End of Life
327(1)
Parents' Role in Pain Assessment and Management
328(3)
17 Families in Crisis
331(17)
Carole Kenner
Marina Boykova
Crisis and the Birth of the Sick or Premature Infant
331(2)
Specific Population of Parents: Adolescents
333(1)
The Family in Crisis
334(6)
Grief and Loss
340(4)
Summary of Parental Needs to Be Met by NICU Staff
344(4)
18 Patient Safety
348(25)
Joan Renaud Smith
Ann Donze
19 Discharge Planning and Transition to Home Care
373(18)
Pat Hummel
Introduction
373(1)
General Principles
373(2)
Health Care Trends
375(1)
Discharge Criteria Must Be Established and Individualized to the Infant and Family
376(1)
Parental Needs and Role in the Discharge and Transition-to-Home Process
376(1)
Discharge Planning and Transition to Home
377(6)
Neonatal Teaching Needs
383(3)
Family and Infant Care Postdischarge
386(5)
20 Genetics: From Bench to Bedside
391(16)
Julieanne Schiefelbein
Basic Genetics
391(3)
Chromosomal Defects
394(1)
Prenatal Diagnosis
394(4)
Postnatal Testing
398(1)
Human Genome Project
398(1)
Genetic Counseling
399(1)
Newborn Care
400(7)
21 Intrafacility and Interfacility Neonatal Transport
407(20)
S. Louise Bowen
Historical Aspects
407(1)
Philosophy of Neonatal Transport
408(1)
Intrafacility Neonatal Transport
408(1)
Interfacility Neonatal Transport
409(5)
Transport Equipment
414(1)
Neonatal Transport Process
414(6)
Documentation
420(1)
Safety
420(2)
Disaster Preparation
422(1)
Air Transport Considerations
422(2)
Legal and Ethical Considerations
424(1)
Quality Management
424(3)
22 Care of the Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Infant
427(12)
Jan Sherman
Overview
427(1)
Epidemiology
427(1)
Mortality and Morbidity
428(1)
Perinatal Management
428(1)
Perinatal Consultation
429(1)
Antenatal Steroids
429(1)
Timing of Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth
429(1)
Delivery Room Care Specific to ELBW Infants
430(1)
Thermoregulation
430(1)
Ventilatory Practices in the Delivery Room
430(2)
Admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
432(1)
Vascular Access
432(1)
Skin Care
432(1)
Assisted Ventilation
433(1)
Nutritional Management
433(2)
Management and Prevention of Infection
435(1)
Neurosensory Complications
436(1)
Developmental Interventions
436(1)
End-of-Life Care
437(1)
Future Directions
437(2)
23 Care of the Late Preterm Infant
439(8)
Barbara Elizabeth Pappas
Deanna Lynn Robey
SECTION THREE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT OF COMMON DISORDERS
24 Respiratory Distress
447(31)
Debbie Fraser
Lung Development
447(2)
Physiology of Respiration
449(1)
Respiratory Disorders
449(20)
Pulmonary Air Leaks (Pneumomediastinum, Pneumothorax, Pneumopericardium, Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema)
469(1)
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
470(1)
Pulmonary Hemorrhage
471(1)
Other Causes of Respiratory Distress
471(7)
25 Apnea
478(9)
Martha Goodwin
Definitions of Apnea
478(1)
Types of Apnea
478(1)
Pathogenesis of Apnea in the Premature Infant
479(1)
Causes of Apnea
480(2)
Evaluation for Apnea
482(1)
Management Techniques
483(2)
Home Monitoring
485(2)
26 Assisted Ventilation
487(25)
Debbie Fraser
William Diehl-Jones
Physiology
487(5)
Treatment Modalities
492(3)
Nursing Care of the Patient Requiring Respiratory Support or Conventional Mechanical Ventilation
495(3)
High-frequency Ventilation
498(5)
Nursing Care During Therapy
503(3)
Medications Used During Ventilation Therapy
506(2)
Weaning From Conventional Ventilation
508(1)
Interpretation of Blood Gas Values
509(3)
27 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
512(15)
Leigh Ann Cates
ECMO: A Historical Perspective
512(1)
Common Neonatal ECMO Pathophysiology
513(1)
Criteria for Use of ECMO
513(1)
Ecmo Perfusion Techniques
514(1)
Circuit Components and Additional Devices
515(4)
Physiology of Extracorporeal Circulation
519(1)
Care of the Infant Requiring ECMO
520(4)
Post-ECMO Care
524(1)
Parental Support
524(1)
Follow-Up and Outcome
524(3)
28 Cardiovascular Disorders
527(56)
Sharyl L. Sadowski
Cardiovascular Embryology and Anatomy
528(6)
Congenital Heart Defects
534(4)
Risk Assessment and Approach to Diagnosis of Cardiac Disease
538(8)
Defects With Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
546(7)
Obstructive Defects With Pulmonary Venous Congestion
553(2)
Obstructive Defects With Decreased Pulmonary Blood Flow
555(5)
Mixed Defects
560(7)
Congestive Heart Failure
567(2)
Postoperative Cardiac Management
569(3)
Postoperative Disturbances
572(11)
29 Gastrointestinal Disorders
583(49)
Wanda T. Bradshaw
Gastrointestinal Embryonic Development
583(1)
Functions of the Gastrointestinal Tract
584(1)
Assessment of the Gastrointestinal System
584(5)
Abdominal Wall Defects
589(4)
Obstructions of the Gastrointestinal Tract
593(14)
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
607(3)
Short-Bowel Syndrome
610(1)
Biliary Atresia
611(2)
Cholestasis
613(2)
Gastroesophageal Reflux
615(2)
Multisystem Disorders With Gastrointestinal Involvement
617(15)
30 Endocrine Disorders
632(30)
Laura Stokowski
The Endocrine System
632(2)
Pituitary Gland Disorders
634(1)
Thyroid Gland Disorders
635(7)
Adrenal Gland Disorders
642(5)
Sexual Development
647(1)
Disorders of Sexual Development
648(9)
Pancreas
657(5)
31 Hematologic Disorders
662(27)
William Diehl-Jones
Debbie Fraser
Development of Blood Cells
662(5)
Coagulation
667(1)
Anemia
668(5)
Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn
673(2)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
675(2)
Thrombocytopenia
677(3)
Polycythemia
680(1)
Inherited Bleeding Disorders
681(1)
Transfusion Therapies
682(4)
Evaluation by Complete Blood Cell Count
686(3)
32 Infectious Diseases in the Neonate
689(30)
Diana J. Wilson
Carol Ingals Tyner
Transmission of Infectious Organisms in the Neonate
689(1)
Risk Factors
690(1)
Diagnosis and Treatment
690(7)
Neonatal Septicemia
697(5)
Infection With Specific Pathogens
702(12)
Infection Control
714(5)
33 Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
719(15)
Jan Sherman
Overview
719(1)
Fetal Development of the Kidney
719(1)
Development of the Bladder and Urethra
720(1)
Renal Function
721(1)
Renal Anatomy
721(1)
Regulation of Postnatal Renal Hemodynamics
721(3)
Clinical Evaluation of Renal and Urinary Tract Disease
724(1)
Laboratory Evaluation of Renal Function
725(2)
Radiographic Evaluation
727(1)
Acute Kidney Injury
727(2)
Renal Tubular Acidosis
729(1)
Developmental Renal Abnormalities
729(2)
Disorders of the Genitalia
731(3)
34 Neurologic Disorders
734(33)
M. Terese Verklan
Anatomy of the Neurologic System
734(3)
Physiology of the Neurologic System
737(1)
Neurologic Assessment
738(2)
Neural Tube Defects (NTDs)
740(3)
Neurologic Disorders
743(10)
Intracranial Hemorrhages
753(5)
Seizures
758(3)
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
761(4)
Periventricular Leukomalacia
765(1)
Meningitis
766(1)
35 Congenital Anomalies
767(28)
Leann Sterk
Specific Disorders
771(9)
Nonchromosomal Abnormalities
780(6)
Deformation Abnormalities
786(3)
Congenital Metabolic Problems
789(1)
Disorders of Metabolism
790(5)
36 Neonatal Dermatology
795(18)
Catherine L. Witt
Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin
795(2)
Care of the Newborn Infant's Skin
797(1)
Assessment of the Newborn Infant's Skin
798(1)
Common Skin Lesions
799(14)
37 Ophthalmologic and Auditory Disorders
813(19)
Debbie Fraser
William Diehl-Jones
Anatomy of the Eye
813(2)
Patient Assessment
815(1)
Pathologic Conditions and Management
816(10)
Anatomy of the Ear
826(2)
Innervation
828(1)
Patient Assessment
829(3)
SECTION FOUR PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
38 Foundations of Neonatal Research
832(11)
Karen A. Thomas
Research and Generation of Nursing Knowledge
832(1)
Research Process and Components of a Research Study
833(3)
Quantitative Research
836(1)
Qualitative Research
836(1)
Areas of Exploration in Neonatal Nursing
837(1)
Nurses as Consumers of Research
837(3)
Ethics in Research and Nurses as Advocates
840(3)
39 Ethical Issues
843(6)
Tanya Sudia-Robinson
Examining Ethical Issues in the NICU
843(1)
Principles of Biomedical Ethics
844(1)
Other Approaches to Ethical Issues
845(1)
Case Analysis Model
846(1)
The Nurse's Role in Ethical Issues
847(1)
Consulting the Hospital Ethics Committee
847(1)
Summary
848(1)
40 Legal Issues
849(17)
M. Terese Verklan
Nursing Process
849(1)
Standard of Care
850(3)
Malpractice
853(1)
Liability
853(4)
Advanced Practice
857(1)
Documentation
858(4)
Informed Consent
862(1)
Professional Liability Insurance
863(3)
Appendix A Newborn Metric Conversion Tables 866