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E-raamat: Corneal Topography: Principles and Applications

  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jun-2019
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030106966
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jun-2019
  • Kirjastus: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030106966
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The new edition of this leading text atlas on corneal topography has been updated to include the latest advances in technology, such as Pentacam and Orbscan. The principles and theory underlying each technology are first clearly explained, and clinical applications are then examined. The authors describe how to use the different technologies and devices, explain the clinical readout with illustrations of normal corneal topography, discuss applications and findings in common disease states, and present the appearances after various corneal surgical procedures. The pros and cons of each system are highlighted. This up-to-date, superbly illustrated book is the most comprehensive guide to corneal topography currently available. It is anticipated that this second edition will become the seminal corneal topography textbook for all with an interest in corneal disease and its management, and refractive surgery.
Part I Basic Principles
1 Assessment of Corneal Shape
3(14)
History of Corneal Topography
3(2)
Description of Corneal Shape
5(4)
Corneal Height or Elevation
5(1)
Surface Slope
5(1)
Radius of Curvature
5(3)
Corneal Power
8(1)
Methods of Measurement
9(1)
Reflection-Based Methods
9(1)
Projection-Based Methods
9(1)
Applications of Corneal Topography
9(2)
The Normal Cornea and Corneal Disease
9(1)
Contact Lens Fitting
10(1)
Corneal and Refractive Surgery
11(1)
Suitability of Topography Systems
11(2)
Situation
12(1)
Cornea
12(1)
Measurements
13(1)
Presentation and Use
13(1)
References
13(4)
2 Videokeratoscopes
17(14)
Optics of Convex Mirrors
17(2)
Reflection from the Cornea
18(1)
Keratometry
19(3)
Photokeratoscopy
22(1)
Computer-Assisted Videokeratoscopy
23(5)
Hardware
24(1)
Software
25(3)
References
28(3)
3 Projection-Based Systems
31(12)
The Principle of Projection
31(1)
Advantages of Projection-Based Systems
32(2)
Measurement of Corneal Height
32(1)
Irregular and Non-reflective Surfaces
33(1)
Entire Corneal Coverage
34(1)
High Resolution and Accuracy
34(1)
Disadvantages of Projection-Based Systems
34(1)
Influence of Tear Fluid
34(1)
Lack of Standardised Presentation Formats
35(1)
Slit Photography
35(1)
Rasterstereography
36(1)
Moire Interference
36(1)
Laser Interferometry
37(2)
References
39(4)
4 Scheimpflug Camera-Based Systems
43(8)
Introduction
43(1)
The Scheimpflug Principle
43(2)
Scheimpflug-Based Systems
45(2)
Single Scheimpflug Imaging
45(1)
Dual Scheimpflug Imaging
46(1)
Integration of Placido Topography
47(1)
Advantages of Scheimpflug-Based Systems
47(1)
Disadvantages of Scheimpflug-Based Systems
48(1)
Other Applications
49(1)
Corvis® ST
49(1)
References
49(2)
5 Presentation of Topographic Information
51(34)
Measurements
52(6)
Raw Image
53(5)
Displays
58(1)
Two-Dimensional Maps
58(11)
Colours
61(1)
Scales
61(4)
Overlays
65(2)
Axes
67(2)
Three-Dimensional Representations
69(1)
Three-Dimensional Wire Net
69(1)
Cross Sections
69(2)
Height Cross Sections
69(2)
Refraction Profile
71(1)
Isometric Map
71(1)
Multiple Displays
71(4)
Serial Maps
71(3)
Difference Maps
74(1)
Tailored Displays
75(1)
Numeric and Statistical Displays
75(4)
Cursor Box
75(1)
Numeric Map
76(1)
Statistical Indices
76(3)
Interpretation
79(1)
Application of Basic Principles
79(1)
Pattern Recognition
79(1)
Neural Networks
80(1)
References
80(5)
Part II The Normal Cornea
6 Normal Topography
85(18)
Normal Corneal Shape
85(8)
Corneal Anatomy and Optics
85(4)
Zones of the Corneal Surface
89(1)
The Corneal Centre
90(2)
Identification of Corneal Locations
92(1)
Normal Variations in Corneal Shape
93(4)
Classification of Normal Corneas
94(1)
Variations in the Shape of Individual Corneas
95(2)
Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Warpage
97(1)
Artefacts of Corneal Topography
97(3)
Alignment and Focusing
97(3)
References
100(3)
7 Contact Lens Practice
103(22)
Contact Lens Types
103(1)
Contact Lens Designs
104(3)
Anterior Surface
105(2)
Contact Lens Fitting
107(10)
Assessment of Fit
107(5)
Clinical Effectiveness
112(2)
Fitting Philosophies
114(1)
Fitting Astigmatic Corneas
115(1)
Fitting Keratoconus
115(1)
Fitting Irregular Corneas
115(2)
Contact Lens Front Surface Topography
117(1)
Monitoring Corneal Topography
117(3)
Contact Lens-Induced Corneal Warpage
117(2)
Orthokeratology
119(1)
Preoperative Assessment for Refractive Surgery
119(1)
Patient/Lens Database
120(1)
References
120(5)
Part III Corneal Disease
8 Corneal Surface Disease
125(12)
External Compression
125(2)
Tear Film Disturbances
127(1)
Epithelial Disease
127(8)
Aetiology
128(1)
Mechanisms
128(4)
Management
132(3)
References
135(2)
9 Stromal Disease
137(10)
Mechanisms
137(2)
Direct Effects
137(1)
Adjacent Effects
137(1)
Distant Effects
138(1)
Topographic Patterns
139(6)
Stromal Swelling
139(2)
Central and Paracentral Thinning
141(1)
Peripheral Thinning
141(3)
Ectasia
144(1)
Trauma
144(1)
References
145(2)
10 Corneal Ectasia
147(24)
Clinical Features of Keratoconus
147(2)
Aetiology
147(2)
Topographic Features
149(11)
Keratoscopy
150(1)
Topographic Maps
151(6)
Keratoconus Detection Indices
157(3)
Topographic Classification
160(5)
Severity
160(2)
Location
162(1)
Shape
162(1)
Differential Diagnosis
163(2)
Contact Lens Fitting
165(1)
Penetrating Keratoplasty
166(1)
References
166(5)
Part IV Corneal Surgery
11 Keratoplasty
171(18)
Mechanisms
171(5)
Corneal Steepening
172(2)
Corneal Flattening
174(1)
Irregular Astigmatism
174(2)
Topography After Keratoplasty
176(4)
Classification
177(1)
Incidence
177(2)
Modifying Factors
179(1)
Preoperative Factors
180(1)
Intraoperative Factors
181(2)
Incisions
181(1)
Wound Closure
182(1)
Postoperative Factors
183(1)
Suture Adjustment
183(1)
References
184(5)
12 Cataract Surgery
189(14)
Preoperative Topography
190(3)
Calculation of IOL Power
190(2)
Planning the Incision
192(1)
Wound Closure
193(1)
Topography After Cataract Surgery
193(6)
Corneal Steepening
197(1)
Corneal Flattening
197(1)
Irregular Astigmatism
198(1)
Postoperative Topography
199(1)
Suture Adjustment
199(1)
Investigation of Poor Outcome
199(1)
Surgical Correction of Postoperative Astigmatism
199(1)
References
199(4)
13 Refractive Corneal Surgery
203(32)
Mechanisms
203(1)
Role of Topography
204(5)
Preoperative Assessment for Refractive Surgery
205(1)
Preoperative Screening
206(1)
Preoperative Planning
207(1)
Indices
207(1)
Intraoperative Assessment
208(1)
Postoperative Assessment
208(1)
Planning of Further Surgery
209(1)
Topography After Refractive Surgery
209(1)
Effects of Topography on Visual Function
209(1)
Radial Keratotomy
210(12)
Mechanisms
210(2)
Surgical Planning
212(2)
Topographic Patterns After Radial Keratotomy
214(5)
Topographic Changes over Time After Radial Keratotomy
219(3)
Astigmatic Keratotomy
222(5)
Mechanisms
222(2)
Surgical Planning
224(2)
Topography After Astigmatic Keratotomy
226(1)
Intrastromal Corneal Rings
227(3)
Mechanisms
227(2)
Topography After Intrastromal Corneal Rings
229(1)
References
230(5)
14 Refractive Laser Surgery
235(34)
Mechanisms
235(1)
Topography for Superficial Procedures
235(1)
Photorefractive Keratectomy
236(20)
Mechanism
236(10)
Topography After PRK
246(10)
Laser In Situ Keratomileusis
256(3)
Mechanisms
256(1)
Topography After LASIK
257(2)
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
259(1)
Topography After SMILE
259(1)
Complications
259(1)
Laser Thermal Keratoplasty
259(5)
Mechanisms
260(1)
Topography After LTK
260(4)
References
264(5)
15 Ocular Surgery
269(10)
Glaucoma Surgery
269(4)
Topography After Trabeculectomy
270(3)
Retinal Surgery
273(4)
Topography After Retinal Surgery
273(4)
Strabismus Surgery
277(1)
Topography After Strabismus Surgery
277(1)
References
278(1)
Index 279
Melanie Corbett is a consultant ophthalmologist at the Western Eye Hospital, London and has a special interest in the cornea and anterior segment. She undertook a medical doctorate at St Thomas Hospital under Professor John Marshall and then completed a corneal fellowship at Moorfields Eye Hospital.  She is the Chair of Education for the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, and has lead the Training the Trainers programme in the UK and overseas for over 10 years. She is a leading authority in diseases and surgery of the cornea and anterior segment and is the author of over 60 peer-reviewed publications and several textbooks.



Nicholas Maycock is a consultant ophthalmologist with a specialist interest in cornea, anterior segment and complex cataract surgery. He is a past committee member of the Young Ophthalmologist Programme (YOP) at the UK and Ireland Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (UKISCRS) and is a member of the Royal College of Ophthalmologists microsurgical skills faculty. He has authored numerous peer-reviewed publications and frequently presents at national and international conferences. 







Emanuel Rosen is one of the pioneers of modern cataract surgery. He is a world-renowned ophthalmologist with a specialist interest in anterior segment disease and cataract and refractive surgery. He is a past president of the International Intraocular Implant Club (IIC), set up in 1966 to promote research into intraocular lens implantation. He is also a past president of the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) and is a current board member and chairman of the ESCRS publications committee. He has won numerous national and international awards. He was a visiting professor at the Department of Visual Sciences at Manchester University (retired), but remains in private clinical practice. He is a founding and current editorof the Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery and is author of numerous books, book chapters, and peer-reviewed journal publications.

David O'Brart has been a Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in London since 1996 and is the Director of Refractive, Cornea and Anterior Segment Surgery. In recognition of his clinical research, he was appointed as Professor of Corneal Science at Kings College, University of London in 2015. He is a past president of the United Kingdom and Ireland Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons and specialist adviser to the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the Medical Health Research Authority for the Royal College of Ophthalmologists. His current clinical and laboratory research is directed at optimizing treatments for Keratoconus and Dry Eye and Femtosecond laser technology for Cataract Surgery. As a leading international researcher in the field of Corneal CollagenCross-linking, Laser Refractive and Cataract Surgery he has published one hundred and forty scientific publications in peer-reviewed ophthalmic journals, co-authored books on corneal topography, refractive and corneal surgery and contributed numerous chapters to international ophthalmic text books.