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E-raamat: Corrupt Cultures: Cheating In Science And Society

(Univ Of Cambridge, Uk)
  • Formaat: 120 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Europe Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781786345622
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  • Formaat: 120 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Oct-2021
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Europe Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781786345622
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This book is concerned with cheating in Science and the harm that it does, concentrating on three disasters in cell culture, which caused international concern and personal tragedy for the perpetrators. There is an overview of plant, animal and human cheating, providing a background to the focus on Science. This demands a special form of truth in that claims need to be substantiated by repetition in independent laboratories to confirm that the claims work. The nature of originality is examined in art and Science. An attempt has been made to determine the background and motives for cheating in Science in the certain knowledge that it will be unmasked leading to scandal. Advice is given to the young Scientist and suggestions have been made as to how fraud in Science could be reduced by more regulated supervision. There is a need to revise the regulations and assessment of claims of originality and the whole review process of journals to avoid publishing fake data. This text is unusual in focusing on three well-documented cases. The data should not have been published in high impact journals if more rigorous review had been made. Journals should require independent repetition of claims that seem to be "too good to be true". This little book should be of considerable interest to young scientists, historians of science and editors of scientific journals. The general reader might find it fascinating to learn how science works or does not work.



This book is concerned with cheating in Science and the harm that it does, concentrating on three disasters in cell culture, which caused international concern and personal tragedy for the perpetrators. There is an overview of plant, animal and human cheating, providing a background to the focus on Science. This demands a special form of truth in that claims need to be substantiated by repetition in independent laboratories to confirm that the claims work. The nature of originality is examined in art and Science. An attempt has been made to determine the background and motives for cheating in Science in the certain knowledge that it will be unmasked leading to scandal. Advice is given to the young Scientist and suggestions have been made as to how fraud in Science could be reduced by more regulated supervision. There is a need to revise the regulations and assessment of claims of originality and the whole review process of journals to avoid publishing fake data. This text is unusual in focusing on three well-documented cases. The data should not have been published in high impact journals if more rigorous review had been made. Journals should require independent repetition of claims that seem to be "too good to be true". This little book should be of considerable interest to young scientists, historians of science and editors of scientific journals. The general reader might find it fascinating to learn how science works or does not work.

Acknowledgment vii
Foreword ix
Chapter 1 Introduction 1(10)
1.1 Science Works
1(5)
1.2 Hubris in History and Science
6(5)
Chapter 2 Faking in Plants and Animals 11(6)
2.1 Deceiving Plants
11(3)
2.2 Deceiving Animals
14(3)
Chapter 3 Cheating in Human Society 17(12)
3.1 Deceptive Instincts in Human Nature
17(2)
3.2 Perception vs Belief
19(2)
3.3 White Lies
21(1)
3.4 Lying in Politics
22(1)
3.5 Forgery in Art
23(6)
Chapter 4 The Unverifiable Beliefs which Underpin the Organization of Human Societies 29(8)
4.1 Truth and Political Correctness
32(2)
4.2 Science and the Nature of Truth
34(3)
Chapter 5 Why Science must be a Verifiable Truth 37(10)
5.1 The Use of Science in Unmasking Fraud in Art and Wine
38(4)
5.2 The Fertile Pastures of Modern Science for Fraudsters to Exploit
42(5)
Chapter 6 Three Cases of Corruption Involving Tissue and Cell Culture 47(22)
6.1 Case Study 1: William Summerlin
47(5)
6.2 Case Study 2: Haruko Obokata
52(6)
6.3 Case Study 3: Paolo Macchiarini
58(11)
Chapter 7 Common Characteristics of Scientific Fraudsters 69(4)
7.1 Without Conscience and the Walter Mitty Syndrome
69(1)
7.2 Cloud Cuckoo Land
70(3)
Chapter 8 Originality and Genius 73(6)
8.1 Genius and the Pursuit of Originality
73(2)
8.2 Originality in the Arts
75(4)
Chapter 9 Problems Facing the Discipline of Science 79(8)
9.1 The Two Cultures
79(2)
9.2 The Scientific Tower of Babel
81(1)
9.3 The Peter Principle
82(1)
9.4 The Prize Problem
83(4)
Chapter 10 The Problems Facing Young Scientists 87(6)
10.1 Dealing with Disappointment
87(1)
10.2 Managing Expectations in Cell Biology
88(2)
10.3 Follow the Example of Frederick Sanger
90(3)
Chapter 11 What Can be Done - A Few Suggestions as to How Cheating in Science Might be Curtailed 93
11.1 Reconsidering the Hierarchical Structure
93(1)
11.2 The Journal Review Process
94(4)
11.3 The Recruitment Process
98