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E-raamat: COVID-19 Public Health Measures: An Augmented Reality Perspective

(Modern Education Societys College of Engineering,Pune, India.), (Vishwakarma Inst. of Information Tech., India), (Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada), (Persistent Systems, Pune, India)
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Considering the overall situation of the current pandemic and pertinent recommendations, this book focuses on the use of augmented reality (AR) applications for preventing COVID-19 outbreaks along with techniques, tools, and platforms to achieve social distancing.and sanitization. COVID-19 Public Health Measures: An Augmented Reality Perspective contains theoretical and practical knowledge of AR and remedies on how to cope with the pandemictechnology including multiple use cases along with a set of recommendations. This book illustrates application building using open-sourceopensource software with an interactive interface to aid the impaired users. The initial part of this book emphasizes on the basic knowledge of AR, technology, devices, and rest of the relevant theories. Aimed at researchers, students ofin AR, technical healthcare professionals, and practitioners.

Key Features:

• Focusses on realization and visualization of Covid-19 pandemic using AR.

• Discusses how different AR visualization techniques are implemented in different scenarios.

• Provides in-depth knowledge of AR databases and software development kits (SDKS) such as Unity Engine, Unreal Engine, and Vuforia.

• Describes C# programming language and the importance of it in developing useful AR applications.

• Helps normal and impaired users -to understand augmented technology for COVID-19.• Consists of an extensive introduction to the terminologies and components of Augmented Reality

• Provides in-depth knowledge of various tools and techniques used in AR

• Introduces various platforms and software development kits (SDKs) such as Unity Engine, Unreal Engine, and Vuforia

• Gives a step-by-step guide for the development of an AR app

• Describes how AR can be used specifically by impaired users not only in the situation of current pandemic but also in normal situations thus simplifying their day-to-day activities

Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
Authors xvii
1 Pandemic and Global Outbreaks
1(20)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Pandemic and Epidemic: An Overview
2(3)
1.2.1 Endemic
3(1)
1.2.2 Epidemic
3(2)
1.2.3 Pandemic
5(1)
1.3 COVID-19 Outbreak
5(4)
1.4 Origin of the Virus
9(5)
1.5 Medical Overview of COVID-19
14(4)
1.5.1 Background of SARSv2, Spanish Flu, H1N1, and COVID-19
14(2)
1.5.2 Common Cold
16(1)
1.5.3 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
16(1)
1.5.4 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
16(1)
1.5.5 Spanish Flu
17(1)
1.5.6 Swine Flu or H1N1 Flu
17(1)
1.5.7 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
17(1)
1.6 Prevention of Pandemics
18(3)
2 Augmented Reality Tools and Technology
21(24)
2.1 Augmented Reality Overview
21(4)
2.1.1 What Is AR?
21(1)
2.1.2 History of AR
22(2)
2.1.3 How AR Works?
24(1)
2.2 AR Hardware
25(8)
2.2.1 Displays
25(1)
2.2.1.1 Visual Displays
25(1)
2.2.1.2 Audio Displays
26(2)
2.2.1.3 Other Sensory Displays
28(1)
2.2.1.4 Haptics
28(1)
2.2.1.5 Smell (olfaction)
28(1)
2.2.2 Processors
29(1)
2.2.2.1 Processor System Architectures
30(1)
2.2.2.2 Processor Specifications
30(1)
2.2.3 Tracking and Sensors
30(3)
2.3 Computer Vision and Software for AR
33(3)
2.3.1 Computer Vision
33(1)
2.3.2 Key Approaches to AR Technologies
33(1)
2.3.3 Software for AR
34(1)
2.3.3.1 AR Libraries
35(1)
2.4 AR Techniques: Marker-Based and Markerless Tracking
36(3)
2.4.1 Marker-Based AR
36(2)
2.4.2 Markerless AR
38(1)
2.4.3 G.P.S./Location-Based AR
38(1)
2.5 AR Devices and Components
39(4)
2.5.1 AR Devices
39(1)
2.5.1.1 Head-mounted Systems
39(2)
2.5.1.2 Smart Glasses
41(1)
2.5.1.3 Handheld or Mobile-Based AR
41(2)
2.5.2 Components
43(1)
2.6 AR for Impaired Users
43(2)
3 Mobile Augmented Reality (M.A.R.) for COVID-19 Public Health Measure
45(14)
3.1 Social Distancing for COVID-19
45(1)
3.2 Public Health Safety Using AR
46(2)
3.2.1 Touchless Nature of AR
46(2)
3.3 AR model Simulation for Social Distancing
48(3)
3.3.1 AR Model for Social Distancing Guideline
48(1)
3.3.2 Participant Demographics
49(2)
3.4 System Methodology
51(3)
3.4.1 Proposed Methodology
51(1)
3.4.2 Significance of the AR Application
51(3)
3.5 Use of Unity, Vuforia, and C# for AR Application
54(3)
3.5.1 Tools and Technology
54(1)
3.5.2 Vuforia
54(1)
3.5.3 ARToolKit
55(1)
3.5.4 Google ARCore
56(1)
3.5.5 Apple ARKit
56(1)
3.6 How to Use the Application?
57(2)
4 Experimental Analysis and Results
59(22)
4.1 Marker-Based AR Technique
59(5)
4.1.1 Introduction of Marker-Based Tracking and Marker Detection
59(2)
4.1.2 Image Preprocessing
61(1)
4.1.3 Discarding Outliers in the Marker
61(1)
4.1.4 Calculation of Marker-Pose
62(1)
4.1.5 How to Obtain Constant Tracking and Stability?
63(1)
4.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Marker-Based Tracking
64(2)
4.2.1 Advantages of Marker-Based Tracking for COVID-19 Safety Measures
65(1)
4.2.2 Disadvantages of Marker-Based Tracking
65(1)
4.3 AR Application Design for Social Distancing Model
66(12)
4.3.1 Proposed System Architecture
66(1)
4.3.1.1 Image Operations Module
67(1)
4.3.1.2 Continuous Marker-Tracking Module
68(1)
4.3.1.3 Image Rendering Module
68(1)
4.3.2 Unity and Vuforia for AR Application
69(1)
4.3.2.1 Unity Specifications and Features for AR
69(1)
4.3.2.2 Vuforia Specifications and Features for AR
69(9)
4.4 Application Deployment Areas for COVID-19 Health Measures
78(3)
4.4.1 Application Integration
79(1)
4.4.2 Other Application Areas for Application Deployment
79(2)
5 Mitigation Remedies and Recommendations
81(10)
5.1 Mitigation Remedies and Recommendations
81(1)
5.2 Existing Applications for Social Distancing
82(2)
5.2.1 Google SODAR
82(1)
5.2.2 Aarogya Setu
82(1)
5.2.3 1point5
83(1)
5.2.4 DROR
83(1)
5.2.5 Canada COVID-19: COVID Alert
84(1)
5.3 Recommendations over Existing Applications
84(1)
5.4 Technical Discussion
84(2)
5.5 AR Solution to the Public Health COVID-19 Mitigation Remedies
86(1)
5.6 Merger of Digital Technologies for COVID-19
87(4)
6 Summary
91(4)
6.1 Issues and Challenges in AR application Development
91(3)
6.2 Conclusion and Future Work
94(1)
Appendix A Sources for Getting AR Tools (FOSS) 95(2)
Appendix B Coding Guidelines for Developing and Deploying an AR App over an Android Phone 97(6)
Glossary 103(4)
References 107(4)
Index 111
Nuzhat F. Shaikh; Parikshit Narendra Mahalle
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