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E-raamat: Crime Analysis with Crime Mapping

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(Radford University, USA)
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Feb-2022
  • Kirjastus: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781071831427
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Crime Analysis with Crime MappingSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Feb-2022
  • Kirjastus: SAGE Publications Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781071831427
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Crime Analysis With Crime Mapping, Fifth Edition provides students and practitioners with a solid introduction to the conceptual nature and practice of crime analysis and how it assists police in crime reduction. Author Rachel Boba Santos delves into this emerging field, providing guidelines and techniques for conducting crime analysis supported by evidence-based research, real world application, and recent innovations in the field. As the only introductory core text for crime analysis, this must-have resource presents readers with opportunities to apply theory, research methods, and statistics to careers that support and enhance the effectiveness of modern policing.

Arvustused

"Outstanding text that provides actionable methods for conducting crime analysis. It balances student needs along with working professionals. The instructor resources are also a huge bonus providing class exercises and assignments that the students truly enjoy." -- Gwen M. Udell "An excellent introductory text for crime analysis and crime mapping for criminal justice." -- William Moreto

Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
About the Author xxi
Part I: Foundations Of Crime Analysis 1(84)
Chapter 1 Crime Analysis and the Profession
3(38)
Definition of Crime Analysis
3(2)
Definitions of GIS and Crime Mapping
5(1)
History of Crime Analysis
6(3)
United States: 1900-1970
6(1)
United States: 1970-2000
7(2)
History of Crime Mapping
9(3)
United States: 1900-1970
10(1)
United States: 1970-2000
11(1)
Research on Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping: 2000 to Present
12(3)
Key Challenges for Crime Analysis
15(1)
Future of Crime Analysis
16(1)
The Crime Analyst Profession
17(5)
Crime Analyst Qualifications and Job Descriptions
18(3)
Crime Analyst I
18(1)
Crime Analyst II
18(1)
Crime Analyst III
18(1)
Specialty Crime Analyst
19(1)
Crime Analysis Supervisor
20(1)
Federal Analysts
20(1)
Private Sector Analysts
21(1)
Positions Associated with Crime Analysis
21(1)
Crime Analysis Units and Staffing
22(1)
Crime Analysis Unit Strategic Planning
23(2)
Real-Time Crime and Fusion Centers
25(3)
Crime Analyst Profiles
28(1)
Amanda Bruner
28(1)
Cheryl Davis
29(2)
Brian Kent
31(1)
Tara Shafner
32(1)
Ryan Spizman
33(1)
Detective Oscar Velez
33(1)
Summary Points
34(4)
Discussion Exercises
38(3)
Chapter 2 Theoretical Foundations of Crime Analysis
41(20)
Environmental Criminology
41(9)
Problem Analysis Triangle
42(2)
Rational Choice Perspective
44(1)
Crime Pattern Theory
45(4)
Routine Activity Approach
49(1)
Law of Crime Concentration
50(1)
Repeat Victimization, Near Repeats, and the 80/20 Rule
51(2)
Situational Crime Prevention
53(2)
Displacement and Diffusion of Benefits
55(2)
Opportunity
57(1)
Summary Points
57(2)
Discussion Exercises
59(2)
Chapter 3 Evidence-Based Policing and Problem-Solving
61(24)
Link Between Crime Analysis and Crime Reduction
61(1)
Role of Crime Analysis in Proactive Policing
62(12)
Standard Model of Policing
63(1)
Place-Based Approach
64(1)
Person-Focused Approach
65(1)
Problem-Solving Approach
66(1)
Community-Based Approach
67(3)
Other Approaches
70(3)
Conclusion
73(1)
Problem Stratification: A Framework for Crime Analysis
74(4)
Immediate Problems
75(1)
Short-Term Problems
75(1)
Long-Term Problems
76(2)
The SARA Problem-Solving Process
78(2)
Summary Points
80(4)
Discussion Exercises
84(1)
Part II: Crime Analysis Process, Data, And Products 85(124)
Chapter 4 Crime Analysis Process and Types
87(22)
The Crime Analysis Process
87(6)
Data Collection and Management
88(2)
Data Scanning and Querying
90(1)
Data Analysis
90(1)
Data Modification Subcycle
91(1)
Information Dissemination
92(1)
Response
92(1)
Feedback and Evaluation
93(1)
Types of Crime Analysis
93(12)
Crime Intelligence Analysis
93(7)
Tactical Crime Analysis
100(3)
Strategic Crime Analysis
103(1)
Administrative Crime Analysis
104(1)
Crime Mapping by Type of Analysis
105(1)
Summary Points
106(2)
Discussion Exercises
108(1)
Chapter 5 Crime Analysis Data and Technology
109(38)
Key Terms
109(2)
Data Matrix
109(1)
Database
110(1)
Geographic Data
110(1)
Tabular Data
111(1)
Secondary Data
111(1)
Primary Data
111(1)
Law Enforcements Systems and Technology
111(5)
Computer-Aided Dispatch System
112(1)
Records Management System
112(1)
Agency Management System
112(1)
Information-Sharing Platforms
113(1)
Jail Management System (JMS)
113(1)
Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS)
114(1)
National Crime Information Center (NCIC)
114(1)
Geographic Data System
114(1)
Regional Data Sharing
114(1)
Other Software and Technology
115(1)
Crime Analysis Hardware and Software Considerations
116(2)
Data Used in Crime Analysis
118(8)
Calls for Service
118(1)
Crime Incidents
118(2)
Arrests
120(1)
Traffic Collisions
120(2)
Other Databases
122(2)
Open Source Information
124(1)
Government Agency Sources
124(1)
Primary Data Collection
125(1)
Data Considerations
126(11)
"Reported" Activity
126(1)
Federal Crime Data Standards
127(10)
Using the Right Data
137(1)
Data Integrity and Ethical Concerns
138(3)
Summary Points
141(3)
Discussion Exercises
144(3)
Chapter 6 Geographic Data and Crime Mapping
147(30)
Geographic Data
147(4)
Vector Data
147(4)
Raster Data
151(1)
Projections and Scale
151(1)
Getting Events on a Map
152(2)
Descriptive Crime Mapping
154(18)
Single-Symbol Mapping
154(1)
Buffers
155(1)
Graduated Mapping
155(1)
Chart Mapping
156(2)
Interactive Crime Mapping
158(1)
Methods for Descriptive Crime Mapping
159(9)
By Category
159(1)
By Statistical Classification
160(6)
By Manual Method
166(2)
Classification Guidelines and Summary
168(1)
Analytical Crime Mapping: Density Mapping
168(4)
Summary Points
172(2)
Discussion Exercises
174(3)
Chapter 7 Crime Analysis Products and Communication
177(32)
Two Main Purposes of Crime Analysis Products
177(3)
Types of Crime Analysis Products
180(9)
Guidelines for Crime Analysis Products
189(10)
General Guidelines
189(3)
Guidelines for Memoranda
192(1)
Guidelines for Tables and Charts
193(3)
Guidelines for Maps
196(2)
Guidelines for Presentations
198(1)
Communication of Crime Analysis Results
199(6)
Audiences of Crime Analysis Products
200(2)
Disseminating Crime Analysis Products
202(3)
Summary Points
205(2)
Discussion Exercises
207(2)
Part III: Tactical Crime Analysis 209(118)
Chapter 8 Calls-for-Service Data and Repeat Incident Analysis
211(28)
Calls-for-Service Data and Variables
211(6)
Using Calls-for-Service Data for Analysis
217(3)
Repeat Incident Analysis
220(17)
Repeat Incident Analysis Components
221(2)
Report Format
223(1)
Agency Examples
224(6)
Matthews, NC Police Department
224(1)
Delaware State Police
225(2)
Washoe County, NV Sheriff's Office
227(1)
Port St. Lucie, FL Police Department
228(2)
Evaluation of Police Response to Repeat Incidents
230(7)
Summary Points
237(1)
Discussion Exercises
238(1)
Chapter 9 Crime Data and Pattern Analysis
239(32)
Crime Pattern Data and Variables
239(7)
Crime Report Data
239(6)
Field Information
245(1)
Crime Pattern Analysis
246(18)
Types of Crime Patterns
248(2)
Initial Crime Pattern Identification
250(5)
Spatial Analysis of Patterns
255(2)
Pattern Finalization
257(3)
Identifying Investigative Leads and Using Field Intelligence
260(3)
Clearing Cases
263(1)
Summary Points
264(3)
Discussion Exercises
267(4)
Chapter 10 Persons and Property Crime Patterns
271(34)
Identifying Meaningful Crime Patterns
271(1)
Nature of Persons Crime Patterns
272(10)
Robbery Crime Patterns
274(3)
Series, Pharmacy Robberies
275(1)
Series, Cell Phone Robberies
276(1)
Series, Home Invasion Robberies
276(1)
Series, Street Robberies
277(1)
Nondomestic Aggravated Assault Crime Patterns
277(2)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Aggravated Assaults and Shootings
278(1)
Sexual Crime-Related Patterns
279(3)
Series, Indecent Exposures
280(1)
Series, Lewd and Lascivious/Sexual Batteries
281(1)
Nature of Property Crime Patterns
282(20)
Residential Burglary Patterns
283(4)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Residential Burglaries
283(1)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Residential Burglaries
284(1)
Hot Setting, Burglaries of Sheds at Apartment Complexes
284(2)
Series, Residential Burglaries and Thefts from Vehicles
286(1)
Commercial Burglary Patterns
287(2)
Series, Commercial Burglaries
287(1)
Series, Commercial Burglaries at Restaurants
288(1)
Hot Setting, Commercial Burglaries at Churches
289(1)
Theft from Vehicle Patterns
289(6)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Residential Thefts from Vehicles
290(1)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Residential Thefts from Vehicles
291(1)
Series, Thefts from Vehicles at Retail Parking Lots
291(1)
Hot Setting, Thefts from Vehicles
292(1)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Thefts of/from Vehicles
293(1)
Hot Place, Thefts from Vehicles at the YMCA
293(1)
Hot Setting, Thefts from Vehicles in Parks
294(1)
Motor Vehicle Theft Patterns
295(1)
Series, Auto Thefts of "Racing" Vehicles
295(1)
Hot Product, Motor Vehicle Thefts of ATVs
296(1)
Micro-Time Hot Spot, Motor Vehicle Thefts and Trailers
296(1)
Hot Product Patterns
296(18)
Hot Product, Packages Left on Residential Doorsteps
297(1)
Hot Product, Trailers
298(1)
Series, Construction Site Burglaries and Thefts of Appliances
298(1)
Hot Product, Catalytic Converters from Buses
299(1)
Series, Graffiti of Stop Signs
300(2)
Summary Points
302(1)
Discussion Exercises
303(2)
Chapter 11 Crime Pattern Bulletins, Response, and Evaluation
305(22)
Pattern Bulletin Components
305(6)
Evidence-Based Police Response
311(2)
Crime Pattern Response Evaluation Process
313(1)
Bulletin Examples and Police Response
314(10)
Persons Crime
315(2)
Armed Robberies: Dayton, OH Police Department Bulletin
316(1)
Robberies: Fort Myers, FL Police Department Bulletin
317(1)
Property Crime
317(12)
Thefts from Vehicles: Putnam County, FL Sheriff's Office Bulletin
319(1)
Thefts from Vehicles: Washoe County, NV Sheriff's Office Bulletin
319(3)
Catalytic Converter Thefts: Port St. Lucie, FL Police Department Bulletin
322(2)
Summary Points
324(1)
Discussion Exercises
324(3)
Part IV: Strategic Crime Analysis 327(124)
Chapter 12 Statistics and Trends
329(42)
Basic Statistics Used in Crime Analysis
329(22)
Frequency and Distribution
329(1)
Cross-Tabulation
330(1)
Percentage
331(1)
Cross-Tabulation Percentage
332(1)
Percentile
332(1)
Percentage of Change
333(2)
Rate
335(3)
Mean and Standard Deviation
338(2)
Time Series Analysis
340(11)
Exact Time and Day of the Week
340(7)
Weighted Time Span Analysis
347(4)
Statistical Reporting and Trend Analysis
351(15)
Examining Categories
353(1)
Understanding Distributions
353(2)
Statistical Maps
355(1)
Temporal Analysis
355(17)
Monthly Trend Examples
356(7)
Yearly Trend Examples
363(3)
Summary Points
366(2)
Discussion Exercises
368(3)
Chapter 13 Long-Term Problem Analysis, Part I
371(26)
What Is the Nature of the Problem?
372(6)
The Problem Environment and Behavior
373(3)
Three Stages of Problem Events
376(1)
Long-Term Problem Types
377(1)
How Prevalent Is the Problem?
378(6)
Frequency, Distribution, and Percentage
379(2)
Rate
381(3)
Mean and Standard Deviation
384(1)
When Is the Problem Happening?
385(8)
Summary Points
393(1)
Discussion Exercises
394(3)
Chapter 14 Long-Term Problem Analysis, Part II
397(30)
Where Is the Problem Occurring?
397(18)
Identifying and Analyzing Problem Locations
398(8)
Identifying and Analyzing Problem Areas
406(9)
Who Are the Offenders?
415(5)
Problem Offender Identification
415(4)
Problem Offender Analysis
419(1)
Who Are the Victims and Targets?
420(2)
Why Is the Problem Occurring?
422(3)
Summary Points
425(1)
Discussion Exercises
425(2)
Chapter 15 Evaluation of Long-Term Problems and Crime Reduction Goals
427(24)
Problem Response Development
427(4)
Assessment of Problem Responses
431(7)
Assessment Methods
432(3)
Individual Problem Location/Area Assessment
435(3)
Multiple Problem Comparison
438(1)
Evaluation of Crime Reduction Goals
438(9)
Monthly Goal Evaluation and Monitoring
441(3)
Comparisons for Goal Evaluation
444(3)
Summary Points
447(1)
Discussion Exercises
448(3)
Glossary 451(12)
References 463(8)
Index 471
Rachel Boba Santos is a professor at Radford University in the Department of Criminal Justice. She works with police departments and crime analysts. She conducts experimental and applied research on place-based and offender-based police crime reduction strategies, stratified policing, crime analysis, community engagement, and police use of force. Dr. Santos interests include conducting practice-based research which is implementing and evaluating evidence-based practices in the real world of criminal justice. In particular, she seeks to improve crime prevention and crime reduction efforts by police in areas such as crime analysis, problem solving, accountability, as well as leadership and organizational change. She and Dr. Roberto Santos co-created Stratified Policing which is an organizational model for systemizing proactive crime reduction strategies in police departments. Other areas of research include police/researcher partnerships, police/community collaboration, hot spot and problem-oriented policing, predictive policing, environmental criminology, crime and place, police/crime data and technology, experimental research methodology, and program evaluation.
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