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E-raamat: Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide

, (University of Glasgow, UK), (University of Waikato, New Zealand)
  • Formaat: 348 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Aug-2019
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351243711
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  • Formaat: 348 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 28-Aug-2019
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351243711
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We are frequently confronted with arguments. Arguments are attempts to persuade us - to influence our beliefs and actions – by giving us reasons to believe this or that. Critical Thinking: A Concise Guide will equip students with the concepts and techniques used in the identification, analysis and assessment of arguments whatever the subject-matter or context. Through precise and accessible discussion, this book provides the tools to become a successful critical thinker, one who can act and believe in accordance with good reasons, and who can articulate and make explicit those reasons.

Key topics discussed include:

  • Core concepts in argumentation
  • How language can serve to obscure or conceal the real content of arguments; how to distinguish argumentation from rhetoric
  • How to avoid common confusions surrounding words such as ‘truth’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘opinion’
  • How to identify and evaluate the most common types of argument
  • How to distinguish good reasoning from bad in terms of deductive validity and induction.

This fifth edition has been revised and extensively updated throughout, including a significantly expanded range of ‘complete examples’, the introduction of Venn diagrams, and the discussion of fake news and related phenomena arising in the contemporary scene.

The dynamic Routledge Critical Thinking companion website provides thoroughly updated resources for both instructors and students, including new examples and case studies, flashcards, sample questions, practice questions and answers, student activities and a testbank of questions for use in the classroom. Visit www.routledge.com/cw/bowell.

Arvustused

Reviews of the previous edition:

'The way in which this text combines clear and detailed explanations of technical concepts with a comprehensive set of contemporary and relevant examples is excellent. Whilst the focus is largely on developing the practical skills of argument reconstruction and analysis, the authors never lose sight of the larger philosophical picture, and this makes the book a joy both to teach with, and to learn from.' - Joel Walmsley, University College Cork, Ireland

'Critical Thinking is the best textbook by some distance for undergraduate students approaching the subject for the first time. It is clearly written and introduces the fundamental concepts of the subject in an accessible and systematic way. The fourth edition contains welcome new material on probabilistic reasoning, as well as continued improvements throughout the book. It remains the clear first-choice textbook for my course.' - Graham Stevens, University of Manchester, UK

'The fourth edition is a clear improvement over previous editions. The book is still the best guide around to the habits of reflective argument reconstruction and assessmentthat undergraduate philosophy majors are expected to form.' - Steven Jauss, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, USA

Reviews of earlier editions:

'This concise guide offers relevant, rigorous and approachable methods The authors focus on analysing and assessing arguments in a thoughtfully structured series of chapters, with clear definitions, a glossary, plenty of examples and some useful exercises.' - Will Ord, Times Educational Supplement

'In my view this is the most useful textbook on the market for its stated audience. It provides exceptionally clear explanations, with sufficient technical detail, but without over-complication. It is my first-choice text for teaching critical thinking to first-year undergraduate students.' - Dawn M. Wilson, University of Hull, UK

'This is the best single text I have seen for addressing the level, presumptions, and interests of the non-specialist.' - Charles Ess, University of Oslo, Norway

Preface to the fifth edition ix
Introduction and Preview 1(2)
1 Introducing Arguments
3(25)
Beginning to Think Critically: Recognising Arguments
7(4)
Standard Form
11(2)
Identifying Conclusions and Premises
13(7)
Arguments and Explanations
20(2)
Intermediate Conclusions
22(1)
Chapter Summary
23(1)
Exercises
24(4)
2 Language and Rhetoric
28(38)
Linguistic Phenomena
29(15)
Aspects of Meaning
44(2)
Rhetorical Ploys
46(14)
Chapter Summary
60(1)
Exercises
61(5)
3 Logic: Deductive Validity
66(46)
The Principle of Charity
68(3)
Truth
71(2)
Deductive Validity
73(5)
Prescriptive Claims Vs Descriptive Claims
78(1)
Conditional Propositions
79(3)
The Antecedent and Consequent Of A Conditional
82(2)
Argument Trees
84(2)
Deductive Soundness
86(2)
The Connection To Formal Logic I: Sentential And Quantificational Logic
88(5)
The Connection to Formal Logic II: Venn Diagrams
93(9)
Chapter Summary
102(1)
Exercises
103(9)
4 Logic: Probability and Inductive Reasoning
112(31)
Implicit Quantifiers: A Reminder
113(1)
Inductive Force
114(8)
Inductive Soundness
122(1)
Inductive Inferences
122(5)
Evidence
127(1)
Conversion Of Induction To Deduction
128(5)
A Programme for Assessment
133(2)
The Connection to Probability Theory
135(2)
Chapter Summary
137(1)
Exercises
138(5)
5 The Practice of Argument-Reconstruction
143(51)
Extraneous Material
144(2)
Defusing the Rhetoric
146(3)
Logical Streamlining
149(2)
Implicit and Explicit
151(6)
Connecting Premises
157(1)
Covering Generalisations
158(3)
Relevance
161(2)
Ambiguity And Vagueness
163(6)
More on Generalisations
169(3)
Practical Reasoning
172(1)
Balancing Costs, Benefits and Probabilities
173(3)
Explanations as Conclusions
176(4)
Causal Generalisations
180(2)
A Shortcut
182(1)
Chapter Summary
183(1)
Exercises
184(10)
6 Issues in Argument-Assessment
194(42)
Rational Persuasiveness
195(7)
Some Strategies For Logical Assessment
202(4)
Refutation by Counterexample
206(2)
Engaging with the Argument I: Avoiding The `Who is to Say?' Criticism
208(2)
Engaging with the Argument II: Don't Merely Label the Position
210(1)
Argument Commentary
210(3)
Complete Examples
213(16)
Commentary on the Commentaries
229(1)
Chapter Summary
229(2)
Exercises
231(5)
7 Pseudo-Reasoning
236(46)
Fallacies
236(28)
Faulty Argument Techniques
264(9)
Too Much Maths!
273(3)
Chapter Summary
276(2)
Exercises
278(4)
8 Truth, Knowledge and Belief
282(27)
Truth and Relativity
283(5)
True for me, True for you
288(3)
Truth, Value and Morality
291(1)
Post-Truth, Alt-Facts, Fake News
292(1)
Theories
293(1)
Belief, Justification and Truth
294(3)
Justification Without Arguments
297(1)
Knowledge
297(1)
Justification Failure
298(2)
Knowledge and Rational Persuasiveness
300(2)
Philosophical Directions
302(3)
Chapter Summary
305(1)
Exercises
305(4)
Glossary 309(10)
Answers and hints to selected exercises 319(16)
Index 335
Tracy Bowell is Associate Professor in Philosophy and Pro Vice-Chancellor Teaching and Learning at the University of Waikato, Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Robert Cowan is Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Glasgow, UK.

Gary Kemp is Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Glasgow, UK.