E-raamat: Crop Systems Dynamics: An ecophysiological simulation model of genotype-by-environment interactions

Preface; 1 Introduction 1; Brief summary of existing models 1; The need
for improved crop growth simulation models 3; Towards improved model
algorithms and structure 4; Towards improved model input parameters 5; The
crop growth simulation model - GECROS 6; Reader's guide 8; 2 Photosynthesis
and transpiration 9; Potential leaf photosynthesis 9; Potential leaf
transpiration and its coupling with potential photosynthesis 11; Actual leaf
transpiration and photosynthesis if water stress occurs 14; Spatial
integration 14; Temporal integration 18; 3 Respiration 20; Growth respiration
20; Respiration for symbiotic di-nitrogen (N2) fixation 21; Respiration for
ammonium-nitrogen uptake 21; Respiration for nitrate uptake and reduction 21;
Respiration for uptake of other ions 22; Respiration for phloem loading 22;
Other, less quantifiable respiration components 22; 4 Nitrogen assimilation
24; Nitrogen demand 24; Nitrogen fixation 27; Nitrogen uptake 27; 5
Assimilate partitioning and reserve dynamics 28; Partitioning between root
and shoot 28; Within-shoot carbon partitioning 29; Carbon reserves and their
remobilization
31. Within-shoot nitrogen partitioning 32; 6 Crop morphology,
senescence, and crop phenology 34; Leaf area index 34; Leaf senescence 35;
Root senescence 38; Plant height 39; Root depth 39; Phenological development
40; 7 Input requirements and model implementation in FST 43; Initialization
and biophysical inputs 43; Model constants 43; Crop-specific parameters 44;
Intra-crop genotypic-specific parameters 46; Crop carbon and nitrogen balance
check 48; Model evaluation 49; Model application 50; Model implementation in
FST 51; Making your first run of GECROS 54; References 55; Appendices 65;
Appendix A Summary of equations related to the leaf photosynthesis model 67;
Appendix B Calculations of input variables of Eqn (2): rt, rbh, rbw, and Rn
71; Appendix C Derivation of Eqn (9) 72; Appendix D Solar elevation,
daylength, and direct and diffuse solar radiation 73; Appendix E Canopy
extinction and reflection coefficients 75; Appendix F Derivations of Eqns
(15a-c) 77; Appendix G Derivation of Eqns (16a-c) 78; Appendix H Time course
of solar radiation and air temperature 79; Appendix I Derivation of Eqn (22)
80; Appendix J Derivation of Eqn (45) 82; Appendix K Derivation of Eqn (46)
83; Appendix L List of symbols (with units) used in the text 84; Appendix M
The example soil simulation model 91; Appendix N Listing of the FST program
for the model
98. Appendix O List of variables used in the model program 127;
The CROP part (the GECROS model) 127; The part for the example soil model
141; Appendix P A sample weather data file 145; Appendix Q Simulation outputs
using the sample weather data 147; Index 151.