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E-raamat: Customary International Law of Human Rights

(Professor of International Law, Middlesex University London)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192660589
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jun-2021
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192660589

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Customary international law is one of the principal sources of public international law. Although its existence is uncontroversial, until now the content of customary international law in the area of human rights has not been analyzed in a comprehensive manner. This book, from one of
international law's foremost scholars and practitioners, provides an unparalleled account of the customary international law of human rights. It discusses the emergence of this customary law, the debates about how it is to be identified, and the efforts at formulation of customary norms. In doing
so, the book provides a useful and accessible introduction to the content of international human rights.

The author uses the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a basis to examine human rights norms, and determine whether they may be described as customary. He makes use of relatively new sources of evidence of the two elements for the identification of custom: State practice and opinio juris. In
particular, the book draws on the increasingly universal ratification of major human rights treaties and the materials generated by the Universal Periodic Review mechanism of the Human Rights Council. The book concludes that a large number of human rights norms may indeed be described as customary
in nature, and that courts should make greater use of custom as a source of international law.
Table of cases
xi
Table of legislation
xxxi
Introduction: The customary law of human rights is hiding in plain sight 1(8)
1 The belated emergence of the customary international law of human rights
9(31)
A Drafting an international bill of rights
11(7)
B The debate about customary human rights law emerges
18(3)
C American lawyers and alien torts
21(3)
D Theodor Meron's study of customary law
24(3)
E Critics of the American school
27(4)
F The Human Rights Committee's General Comment
31(5)
G Subsequent developments
36(4)
2 Identifying the norms of the customary international law of human rights
40(62)
A International case law and other authorities
41(12)
B Peremptory norms (jus cogens)
53(14)
C Apocryphal customary law
67(4)
D Identifying the two elements of customary international law
71(5)
E Universal Periodic Review as evidence of custom
76(4)
F Significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
80(3)
G Near-universal ratification of human rights treaties
83(8)
H Particular or regional customary norms
91(3)
I Emerging or crystallising norms and the persistent objector
94(8)
3 Methodological considerations
102(5)
4 Dignity
107(54)
A Right to life
109(18)
1 Prohibition of genocide
114(2)
2 Death penalty
116(8)
3 Armed conflict
124(1)
4 When does the right to life begin?
125(1)
5 Voluntary termination of life
126(1)
B Torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment
127(15)
1 Cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishments
133(3)
2 Admissibility of evidence
136(1)
3 Non-refoulement
137(1)
4 Enforced disappearance
138(1)
5 Violence against women
139(3)
C Slavery and servitude
142(6)
D Liberty and security
148(7)
1 Right to security
154(1)
2 Imprisonment for debt
154(1)
E Recognition as a person before the law
155(6)
5 Equality
161(30)
A Equality and non-discrimination
163(15)
1 Protected categories
169(5)
2 Unenumerated categories
174(4)
B Special protection of children
178(6)
C Minority rights and rights of indigenous peoples
184(7)
6 Fundamental freedoms
191(72)
A Opinion and expression
192(8)
1 Freedom of opinion and expression
195(2)
2 Freedom of information
197(1)
3 Restrictions
197(3)
B Thought, conscience, and religion
200(7)
1 Freedom to change religion
203(2)
2 Manifesting religion
205(1)
3 Religion of children
206(1)
C Peaceful assembly
207(3)
D Association
210(8)
1 Trade unions and collective bargaining
213(2)
2 The right to strike
215(3)
E Privacy, family, home, and correspondence
218(12)
1 Protection of privacy
220(2)
2 Protection of family life
222(6)
3 Protection of home
228(1)
4 Protection of correspondence
228(1)
5 Protection against attacks on honour and reputation
229(1)
F Marriage
230(10)
1 Consent to Marriage
235(2)
2 Equality
237(3)
G Mobility and asylum
240(14)
1 Freedom of movement
243(2)
2 Restrictions
245(2)
3 Asylum
247(7)
H Nationality
254(4)
I Property
258(5)
7 Political rights
263(8)
A Participation in government
263(6)
B Equal access to the public service
269(2)
8 Justice
271(24)
A Effective remedy and right of access to justice
272(4)
B Fair trial
276(11)
1 Full equality
278(1)
2 Fair and public hearing
279(2)
3 Independent and impartial tribunal
281(1)
4 Presumption of innocence
281(3)
5 Guarantees necessary for the defence
284(3)
C Principle of legality---nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege
287(4)
D Children and criminal justice
291(4)
9 Economic, social, and cultural rights
295(32)
A Social security
298(2)
B Right to work
300(3)
C Adequate standard of living
303(9)
1 Food
303(2)
2 Clothing
305(1)
3 Housing
306(2)
4 Health and medical care
308(2)
5 Water and sanitation
310(2)
D Education
312(8)
1 Prohibition of discrimination in education
316(1)
2 Aims of education
317(1)
3 Private schools and parental choice in education
318(2)
E Cultural rights
320(7)
10 Solidarity
327(14)
A Peace
328(2)
B Healthy environment
330(6)
C Self determination
336(2)
D Development
338(3)
Conclusion: The future of the customary law of human rights 341(6)
Bibliography 347(20)
Index 367
William A. Schabas is professor of international law at Middlesex University London. He is also emeritus professor at the National University of Ireland Galway and Leiden University. As a UN human rights expert, he chaired the Commission of Inquiry on the Gaza conflict and authored the Secretary-General's quinquennial report on capital punishment. He served as a commissioner on the Sierra Leone Truth and Reconciliation Commission. He has acted as counsel at the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights and the International Court of Justice. He is an Officer of the Order of Canada and a Member of the Royal Irish Academy.