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xi | |
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xxxi | |
| Introduction: The customary law of human rights is hiding in plain sight |
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1 | (8) |
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1 The belated emergence of the customary international law of human rights |
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9 | (31) |
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A Drafting an international bill of rights |
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11 | (7) |
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B The debate about customary human rights law emerges |
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18 | (3) |
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C American lawyers and alien torts |
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21 | (3) |
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D Theodor Meron's study of customary law |
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24 | (3) |
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E Critics of the American school |
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27 | (4) |
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F The Human Rights Committee's General Comment |
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31 | (5) |
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G Subsequent developments |
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36 | (4) |
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2 Identifying the norms of the customary international law of human rights |
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40 | (62) |
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A International case law and other authorities |
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41 | (12) |
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B Peremptory norms (jus cogens) |
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53 | (14) |
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C Apocryphal customary law |
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67 | (4) |
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D Identifying the two elements of customary international law |
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71 | (5) |
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E Universal Periodic Review as evidence of custom |
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76 | (4) |
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F Significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights |
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80 | (3) |
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G Near-universal ratification of human rights treaties |
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83 | (8) |
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H Particular or regional customary norms |
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91 | (3) |
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I Emerging or crystallising norms and the persistent objector |
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94 | (8) |
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3 Methodological considerations |
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102 | (5) |
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107 | (54) |
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109 | (18) |
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1 Prohibition of genocide |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (8) |
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124 | (1) |
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4 When does the right to life begin? |
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125 | (1) |
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5 Voluntary termination of life |
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126 | (1) |
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B Torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment |
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127 | (15) |
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1 Cruel, inhuman, or degrading punishments |
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133 | (3) |
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2 Admissibility of evidence |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (6) |
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148 | (7) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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E Recognition as a person before the law |
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155 | (6) |
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161 | (30) |
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A Equality and non-discrimination |
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163 | (15) |
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169 | (5) |
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2 Unenumerated categories |
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174 | (4) |
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B Special protection of children |
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178 | (6) |
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C Minority rights and rights of indigenous peoples |
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184 | (7) |
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191 | (72) |
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192 | (8) |
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1 Freedom of opinion and expression |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (3) |
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B Thought, conscience, and religion |
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200 | (7) |
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1 Freedom to change religion |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (8) |
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1 Trade unions and collective bargaining |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (3) |
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E Privacy, family, home, and correspondence |
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218 | (12) |
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220 | (2) |
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2 Protection of family life |
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222 | (6) |
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228 | (1) |
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4 Protection of correspondence |
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228 | (1) |
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5 Protection against attacks on honour and reputation |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (10) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (3) |
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240 | (14) |
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243 | (2) |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (7) |
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254 | (4) |
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258 | (5) |
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263 | (8) |
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A Participation in government |
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263 | (6) |
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B Equal access to the public service |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (24) |
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A Effective remedy and right of access to justice |
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272 | (4) |
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276 | (11) |
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278 | (1) |
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2 Fair and public hearing |
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279 | (2) |
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3 Independent and impartial tribunal |
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281 | (1) |
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4 Presumption of innocence |
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281 | (3) |
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5 Guarantees necessary for the defence |
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284 | (3) |
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C Principle of legality---nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege |
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287 | (4) |
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D Children and criminal justice |
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291 | (4) |
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9 Economic, social, and cultural rights |
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295 | (32) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (3) |
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C Adequate standard of living |
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303 | (9) |
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303 | (2) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (2) |
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4 Health and medical care |
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308 | (2) |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (8) |
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1 Prohibition of discrimination in education |
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316 | (1) |
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317 | (1) |
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3 Private schools and parental choice in education |
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318 | (2) |
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320 | (7) |
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327 | (14) |
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328 | (2) |
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330 | (6) |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (3) |
| Conclusion: The future of the customary law of human rights |
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341 | (6) |
| Bibliography |
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347 | (20) |
| Index |
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367 | |