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E-raamat: Daily Lives of Civilians in Wartime Twentieth-Century Europe

(University of Reading, UK)
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Expert contributors write on the experiences of civilians who lived through occupation and bloodshed in the First World War; the Russians who lived or died during the the devastating civil war in 1917-1922, leading eventually to the terrors of Stalinism; the Spaniards of many factions who fought against each other in bloody civil wars; the ordinary people of France, Germany, Britain, Italy and other countries who faced the hardship and horrors of the Second World War; and the ethnic- and religious-based fighting and atrocities, often targeted at civilians, in the former Yugoslavia from 1991 into the twenty-first century. Carefully selected sources for further research help users find additional information on civilian life during these events.

Expert contributors write on the experiences of civilians in the many wars of twentieth-century Europe. Among the events discussed are the Europeans who lived through occupation and bloodshed in the First World War; the Russians who lived and died in the devastating civil war in 1917-1922, leading eventually to the terrors of Stalinism; the Spaniards of many factions who fought against each other in bloody civil wars; the ordinary people of France, Germany, Britain, Italy and other countries who faced the hardship and horrors of the Second World War; and the ethnic- and religious-based fighting and atrocities, often targeted at civilians, in the former Yugoslavia from 1991 into the twenty-first century. Carefully selected sources for further research help users find additonal information on civilian life during these events.

Chapters including vivid accounts of civilians' roles and experiences through wars in twentieth-century Europe are supplemented by recommended print and online resources for further study, a glossary defining important terms and concepts, and a timeline putting events into a chronological context.

Arvustused

. . . an asset to all high school media centers as well as public and academic libraries. * ARBAonline * will be of great use to undergraduate, but there is enough for the specialist as well. * European History Quarterly *

Muu info

Wars were probably the defining feature of twentieth-century Europe, and many of the civilians who lived through them dealt with hardships ranging from food rations to starvation and from forced migration to torture and death camps.
Series Foreword xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
Abbreviations xxi
Chronology xxiii
1. The Daily Life of Civilians in Wartime: Europe's Twentieth-Century Experience 1
Nicholas Atkin
Towards Total War
1
Whose Lives?
6
Daily Life and the People's Wars
10
The Unique and the Universal
15
2. World War One, 1914-18: Daily Life in Western Societies 23
Francois Cochet
Home and Fighting Fronts at the Start of the War: A Complicated and Ambiguous Relationship
25
The Economic and Social Dimensions of the War
34
The Psychological and Cultural Consequences of the War
40
Conclusions
45
3. The Daily Lives of Civilians in the Russian Civil War 49
Sam Johnson
The Origins of the War
51
Urban Life
53
The Countryside
61
Evacuation, Refugees, and Famine
65
4. Daily Life in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39 73
Michael Richards
State, Economy, and Society
74
Mentalities and Ideologies
81
Civil War and Violence
89
Defeat and Victory: Resources, Morale, and the Struggle for Survival
95
Conclusions
100
5. The Civilian Experience of World War Two: Displacement, Government, Adjustment, Comportment 105
Nicholas Atkin
Displacement
106
Government
114
Adjustment
119
Comportment
129
Conclusions
134
6. Writing the History of Daily Life in the Cold War 141
Frank Tallett
New Approaches to Military History
141
Civilians in the Cold War
145
When the Cold War Got "Hot"
147
Getting and Spending: Material Conditions and the Cold War
148
Rhetoric and the Culture Wars
154
Conclusions
157
7. Staying Behind: Civilians in the Post-Yugoslav Wars, 1991-95 163
Maja Povrzanovie Frykman
Yugoslavia: The Political Backdrop
163
The Wars
167
The Myth of Ethnic Conflict
171
Place-Bound Experiences
173
Letters from Zagreb
174
The Bosnian War from Within
177
The Presence of Death
179
Striving for Normality
179
Modes of Resistance
182
Oases of Normality, Imitations of Life
184
Staying Behind: Humiliation and Dignity
187
Glossary 195
Bibliography 201
Index 217
About the Editor and Contributors 229
Nicholas Atkin is Professor of Modern European History at the University of Reading, England. His publications include Church and School in Vichy France, 1940-44 (1991), Petain (1997), The French at War, 1934-44 (2001), The Forgotten French: Exiles in the British Isles, 1940-44 (2003), The Fifth French Republic (2005) and, with Frank Tallett, Priests, Prelates and People: A History of European Catholicism since 1750 (2003).