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E-raamat: Dance to the Tune of Life: Biological Relativity

(University of Oxford)
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316821114
  • Formaat - PDF+DRM
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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Dec-2016
  • Kirjastus: Cambridge University Press
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781316821114

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Challenging the common gene-centric approach to organisms, this book articulates a relativistic theory of biology. It is grounded in up-to-date biological research and rigorous application of mathematics to biology; however, it is presented in a non-technical manner for the general reader, and requires no familiarity with complex biology, mathematics or philosophy.

In this thought-provoking book, Denis Noble formulates the theory of biological relativity, emphasising that living organisms operate at multiple levels of complexity and must therefore be analysed from a multi-scale, relativistic perspective. Noble explains that all biological processes operate by means of molecular, cellular and organismal networks. The interactive nature of these fundamental processes is at the core of biological relativity and, as such, challenges simplified molecular reductionism. Noble shows that such an integrative view emerges as the necessary consequence of the rigorous application of mathematics to biology. Drawing on his pioneering work in the mathematical physics of biology, he shows that what emerges is a deeply humane picture of the role of the organism in constraining its chemistry, including its genes, to serve the organism as a whole, especially in the interaction with its social environment. This humanistic, holistic approach challenges the common gene-centred view held by many in modern biology and culture.

Arvustused

'Among its many merits, this remarkable book deserves to become a classic text in the philosophy of science. Almost alone among philosophers of science, Noble is a practising scientist; and unusually among practising scientists, he is an accomplished philosopher. His book brings out, with unparalleled clarity, how the scientific endeavour involves not only empirical inquiry but also conceptual structure. Noble shows how, on the negative side, popular presentations of sound biological results may be vitiated by bad metaphysics, and how, on the positive side, science and philosophy may extend the boundaries of knowledge by a unified epistemology. He ends, however, with a salutary warning that there may well be a limit to the human capacity to know the answers to ultimate questions.' Sir Anthony Kenny, University of Oxford 'I think this a marvellous book. Denis Noble emphasises that genes, organs and systems dance to the tune of the organism and its social and physical environment. He sets the relativity of biology in a remarkable scientific sweep, ranging from cosmology to human belief systems. He reminds me of another great biologist, C. H. Waddington, to whom Noble pays handsome tribute. Writing with clarity and charm, Noble attempts to break down silos of knowledge inhabited by scientists who fail to come out and engage with others. Broadening minds in an era of intense specialisation is more important than ever. Noble deserves to be successful in his desire to do just that and I hope that he will be.' Sir Patrick Bateson, University of Cambridge 'In my view Dance to The Tune of Life is a 'must read'. In it Denis Noble lucidly deconstructs how and why reductionism came to prominence in biology and led to the current state of molecular Humpty-Dumptyism. His central idea that there is no privileged level of causation is the first conceptual step to putting Humpty Dumpty back together again.' Michael J. Joyner, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota 'Denis Noble is renowned for his mission to reintegrate the physiological sciences with mainstream biology, including evolutionary theory. His new book combines clear exposition of basic principles with many valuable examples. He gives the reader, general or expert, a completely new view of life.' Yung E. Earm, Seoul National University, South Korea 'Dance to the Tune of Life is one of the most fascinating and impressive books I have ever read. Denis Noble, a world-renowned physiologist and systems biologist, has revolutionized our traditional notion of the nature of life. The title Dance to the Tune of Life mirrors the essence of the argument of the book. The life emerges from numerous biological processes at different scales and levels. Such actors and actresses, stage properties, and stage are not separately present they act together in harmony, dancing to a tune with a music performed by an orchestra, an organism. By describing his research experiences and achievements on the cardiac rhythm evolutionary biology, medicine, and philosophy, Denis has not only provided us with very modern knowledge of the biological reactions and their network but also described to us the nature of life. I believe that this book impacts everyone involved in biomedicine.' Yoshihisa Kurachi, Osaka University, Japan 'Having demolished the 'Selfish Gene' fiction, Noble in this marvelous book moves both science and philosophy from an antiquated 'either/or' static model to an 'and' model. 'Dance' shows elegantly and brilliantly that from the miracle of the ancient symbiosis of mitochondrial bacterial remnants in human cells, through the rock-solid interrelationship between genes and the feedback from the environment in all senses - from the core phenomenon of functional epigenetics, to the universe itself and our place in it - that we are, at heart, inter-beings, co-arising.' Samuel Shem, New York University 'Denis Noble is a pioneer in understanding human physiology through quantitative studies linking behaviour across multiple scales of biological organization - from proteins to cells, tissues, organs and organ systems. These studies have led him to characterize biological function in terms of a Principle of Biological Relativity: there is no privileged level of causation in biology, because living organisms are multilevel open stochastic systems in which the behaviour at any level depends on higher and lower levels, and so cannot be fully understood in isolation. This engaging book defends this view in depth, and thereby also provides strong support for an extended synthesis of evolutionary theory that goes beyond the Modern Synthesis of Neo-Darwinism. It is highly recommended as a thoughtful study of the kind of complexity real living organisms display.' George Ellis FRS, University of Cape Town, South Africa 'In this elegantly written and personal book world-renowned physiologist and systems biologist Denis Noble effectively argues for a fundamental revision of the theory of evolution. Against the reductionist, gene-centered approach of Neo-Darwinism, which has dominated biology for more than a century, Noble passionately pleas for a more integrated approach. Massively supported by recent postgenomic and epigenetic empirical research, Dance to the Tune of Life deepens and synthesizes ideas Noble earlier developed in The Music of Life. Biology beyond the Genome (2006) and subsequent writings. Just like Newtonian physics underwent a major transformation in the beginning of the 20th century due to Einstein's general theory of relativity, the life sciences are facing a no less fundamental transformation. Noble's book is a must read for anyone who wants to understand this transformation.' Jos de Mul, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Netherlands ' enlightening The illustrations are both vibrant and clarifying, giving this title a sparkle that compels you to imagine how each concept fits into the larger scheme. I commend this author for relishing the subtle reminders of what makes this inquiry important. It's a best read.' D. Wayne Dworsky, San Francisco Book Review (www.sanfranciscobookreview.com) ' a very informative read Noble's Dance to the Tune of Life is an illuminating account of why philosophy is necessary in doing science.' Sepehr Ehsani, Metascience 'The narrative is remarkable Dance to the Tune of Life is a marvellous text reflecting on the complexity of biology.' Anna Holderbaum, The Biologist

Muu info

This book formulates a relativistic theory of biology, challenging the common gene-centred view of organisms.
Preface ix
Acknowledgements xv
1 The Universe and the Principle of Relativity
1(29)
The Sky at Night
1(4)
Early Cosmologies
5(2)
The Copernican Revolution
7(2)
Galileo: Father of Modern Science
9(2)
The Earth from a Billion Miles
11(1)
Newton's Laws of Motion
12(1)
Nineteenth-Century Certainties
13(2)
Quantum Mechanics
15(2)
Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity
17(3)
Einstein's General Theory of Relativity
20(1)
Can We `Feel' the Consequences of Relativity?
21(2)
Hubble's Deep Field Views
23(1)
Conclusions
24(6)
2 Biological Scales and Levels
30(39)
The Sense of Scale
30(2)
Scales and Levels
32(3)
Atoms and Ions
35(4)
Molecules
39(3)
Molecules as Systems
42(4)
Networks
46(1)
Organelles
47(1)
Cells
48(3)
Tissues
51(3)
Organs
54(1)
Whole-Body Systems
55(8)
The Organism as a Whole
63(1)
Beyond Organisms
64(1)
Conclusions
64(5)
3 Biological Networks
69(28)
Networks are not Diagrams!
69(5)
How Do Complex Structures Form?
74(3)
Biological Oscillators and Attractors
77(1)
Circadian Rhythm
78(5)
Cardiac Rhythm
83(4)
Gene Expression Patterns
87(2)
Synchronisation of Oscillators: Brainwaves
89(2)
Chance at the Heart of the Cell
91(2)
Conclusions
93(4)
4 Nature and Origin of Cells
97(24)
The Medical Histology Class
97(1)
Cells as Carriages
98(4)
The Simplest Cells: Bacteria and Archaea
102(1)
Bacteria
102(4)
Archaea
106(1)
Eukaryotes: The Largest Organisms but the Smallest Domain
107(1)
The Cell Cycle
108(4)
Meiosis
112(1)
RNA and Other Early Worlds?
113(1)
How Cells Form Tissues
114(1)
The Nearly Cells: Viruses
115(1)
Tree, Networks or Rings of Life?
115(2)
The Death of Cells
117(1)
Conclusions
118(3)
5 Blind Chance and Natural Selection
121(39)
Charles Darwin and his Predecessors
121(3)
Darwin on Lamarckism
124(2)
The Rise of Neo-Darwinism Leading to the Modern Synthesis
126(3)
Evolution and Genetics
129(1)
The Modern Synthesis
130(4)
Schrodinger and What is Life?
134(2)
Neo-Darwinism and the Central Dogma
136(2)
The Language of Neo-Darwinism
138(12)
The Language of Neo-Darwinism as a Whole
150(2)
Conclusions
152(8)
6 Biological Relativity
160(27)
A Personal Journey
161(2)
Ultimate Reductionism: Mathematics?
163(1)
Introduction to Spinoza
164(1)
Spinoza's Way Out of the Cartesian Paradigm
165(3)
The Essence of Biological Relativity
168(3)
Conceptual and Empirical Interpretations
171(2)
Open and Closed Systems
173(1)
Why Spinoza's Constraint is not Sufficient
174(2)
Forms of Causation
176(5)
Conclusions
181(6)
7 Dancing Nucleotides: Natural Genetic Engineering
187(27)
Pipes and Templates
187(2)
Summary of the Problem
189(2)
The Weismann Barrier is Relative, not Absolute
191(3)
Genetic Variation is not Random
194(3)
Misinterpretations of the Central Dogma
197(3)
Mobile Genetic Elements
200(1)
Natural Genetic Engineering: Genome Reorganisation
201(3)
Significance of Symbiogenesis and Co-operation
204(3)
Conclusions
207(7)
8 Epigenetics and a Relativistic Theory of Evolution
214(33)
Epigenetics Viewed from Physiological High Ground
214(2)
Epigenetic and Other Lamarckian Inheritance
216(6)
Niche Construction and the Active Role of Organisms
222(2)
The Origin of Species?
224(4)
Are Genes Followers Rather than Leaders?
228(1)
Isn't a Lot of DNA `Selfish', `Parasitic'?
228(1)
The Speed of Evolution
229(3)
Respecting the Principle of Biological Relativity
232(1)
A Biological Relativistic View of Evolution
232(5)
Conclusions
237(10)
9 The Relativity of Epistemology: The Meaning of It All
247(21)
Why? Questions and Goals
248(2)
The Third Way
250(1)
Science and Humanity
251(1)
Science and Common Sense
252(2)
Is Naive Theism the Only Alternative?
254(2)
Contextual Logic
256(4)
Selfish Genes and Altruism
260(2)
Relativity of Epistemology
262(2)
Ultimate Purpose?
264(4)
10 Postscript
268(2)
Glossary 270(6)
Index 276
Denis Noble, CBE, FRS, is Emeritus Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology and Director of Computational Physiology at the University of Oxford. He is one of the founders of the field of systems biology and is the current President of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS).