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E-raamat: Database Systems: A Pragmatic Approach

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  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: APress
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781484211915
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Database Systems: A Pragmatic ApproachSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 07-Nov-2016
  • Kirjastus: APress
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781484211915
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Learn the concepts, principles, design, implementation, and management issues of databases. You will adopt a methodical and pragmatic approach to solving database systems problems. 

Database Systems: A Pragmatic Approach provides a comprehensive, yet concise introduction to database systems, with special emphasis on the relational database model. This book discusses the database as an essential component of a software system, as well as a valuable, mission-critical corporate resource. New in this second edition is updated SQL content covering the latest release of the Oracle Database Management System along with a reorganized sequence of the topics which is more useful for learning. Also included are revised and additional illustrations, as well as a new chapter on using relational databases to anchor large, complex management support systems. There is also added reference content in the appendixes.

This book is based on lecture notesthat have been tested and proven over several years, with outstanding results. It combines a balance of theory with practice, to give you your best chance at success. Each chapter is organized systematically into brief sections, with itemization of the important points to be remembered. Additionally, the book includes a number of author Elvis Foster's original methodologies that add clarity and creativity to the database modeling and design experience.

What You'll Learn





Understand the relational model and the advantages it brings to software systems Design database schemas with integrity rules that ensure correctness of corporate data Query data using SQL in order to generate reports, charts, graphs, and other business results Understand what it means to be a database administrator, and why the profession is highly paid Build and manage web-accessible databases in support of applications delivered via a browser Become familiar with the common database brands, their similarities and differences Explore special topics such as tree-based data, hashing for fast access, distributed and object databases, and more

Who This Book Is For

Students who are studying database technology, who aspire to a career as a database administrator or designer, and practicing database administrators and developers desiring to strengthen their knowledge of database theory
About the Authors xxvii
About the Technical Reviewers xxix
Acknowledgments xxxi
Preface xxxiii
Part A: Preliminary Topics 1(34)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Database Systems
3(12)
1.1 Definitions and Rationale
3(3)
1.2 Objectives of a Database System
6(2)
1.2.1 Primary and Secondary Objectives
6(1)
1.2.2 Clarification on Data Independence
7(1)
1.3 Advantages of a Database System
8(1)
1.4 Approaches to Database Design
8(2)
1.4.1 Conventional Files
9(1)
1.4.2 Database Approach
10(1)
1.5 Desirable Features of a DBS
10(1)
1.6 Database Development Life Cycle
11(1)
1.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
12(1)
1.8 Review Questions
13(1)
1.9 References and/or Recommended Readings
13(2)
Chapter 2 The Database System Environment
15(20)
2.1 Levels of Architecture
15(3)
2.1.1 External Level
17(1)
2.1.2 Conceptual Level
17(1)
2.1.3 Internal Level
17(1)
2.2 Inter-Level Mappings
18(1)
2.3 Database Personnel
18(3)
2.3.1 Database Administrator and Data Architect
18(1)
2.3.2 Tools Expert
19(1)
2.3.3 Application Programmer
19(1)
2.3.4 User Liaison Specialist
20(1)
2.3.5 Network and Infrastructure Specialist
20(1)
2.4 The Database Management System
21(2)
2.5 Components of DBMS Suite
23(3)
2.5.1 The DBMS Engine
24(1)
2.5.2 Data Definition Subsystem
24(1)
2.5.3 The User Interface Subsystem
24(1)
2.5.4 Application Development Subsystem
25(1)
2.5.5 Data Administration Subsystem
25(1)
2.5.6 Data Dictionary Subsystem
25(1)
2.5.7 Data Communications Manager
25(1)
2.5.8 Utilities Subsystem
26(1)
2.6 Front-End and Back-End Perspectives
26(1)
2.7 Database System Architecture
27(3)
2.8 Database Management System Classifications
30(1)
2.8.1 Classification Based on Data Models
30(1)
2.8.2 Classification Based on Number of Users
30(1)
2.8.3 Classification Based on Site Configuration
30(1)
2.8.4 Classification Based on Database Purpose
31(1)
2.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks
31(1)
2.10 Review Questions
32(1)
2.11 References and/or Recommended Readings
33(2)
Part B: The Relational Database Model 35(168)
Chapter 3 The Relational Model
37(36)
3.1 Basic Concepts
37(3)
3.2 Domains
40(2)
3.3 Relations
42(2)
3.3.1 Properties of a Relation
43(1)
3.3.2 Kinds of Relations
43(1)
3.4 Relational Database System
44(1)
3.5 Identifying Relationships
44(2)
3.6 Representing Relationships
46(9)
3.6.1 The Entity-Relationship Model
46(6)
3.6.2 The Object-Relationship Model
52(1)
3.6.3 Summary of Traditional Models
52(2)
3.6.4 Multiplicity of Relationships
54(1)
3.7 Implementing Relationships
55(4)
3.8 Innovation: Relation-Attributes List and Relationship List
59(5)
3.9 Database Naming Convention
64(5)
3.10 Summary and Concluding Remarks
69(1)
3.11 Review Questions
70(1)
3.12 References and/or Recommended Readings
71(2)
Chapter 4 Integrity Rules and Normalization
73(28)
4.1 Fundamental Integrity Rules
73(1)
4.2 Foreign Key Concept
74(2)
4.3 Rationale for Normalization
76(1)
4.4 Functional Dependence and Non-Loss Decomposition
77(4)
4.4.1 Functional Dependence
77(1)
4.4.2 Non-Loss Decomposition
78(3)
4.5 First Normal Form
81(2)
4.5.1 Problems with Relations in 1NF Only
81(2)
4.6 Second Normal Form
83(1)
4.6.1 Problems with Relations in 2NF Only
83(1)
4.7 Third Normal Form
84(1)
4.7.1 Problems with Relations in 3NF Only
84(1)
4.8 Boyce-Codd Normal Form
85(1)
4.9 Fourth Normal Form
86(3)
4.9.1 Multi-Valued Dependency
87(1)
4.9.2 Fagin's Theorem
87(2)
4.9.3 The Zoo Revisited
89(1)
4.10 Fifth Normal Form
89(3)
4.10.1 Definition of Join Dependency
91(1)
4.10.2 Fagin's Theorem
91(1)
4.11 An Example
92(2)
4.12 Other Normal Forms
94(3)
4.12.1 The Domain-Key Normal Form
94(1)
4.12.2 The Sixth Normal Form
95(2)
4.13 Summary and Concluding Remarks
97(2)
4.14 Review Questions
99(1)
4.15 References and/or Recommended Readings
100(1)
Chapter 5 Database Modeling and Design
101(38)
5.1 The Database Model and Database Design
101(1)
5.1.1 The Database Model
102(1)
5.1.2 Database Design
102(1)
5.2 The E-R Model Revisited
102(4)
5.3 Database Design via the E-R Model
106(1)
5.4 The Extended Relational Model
106(7)
5.4.1 Entity Classifications
106(1)
5.4.2 Surrogates
107(2)
5.4.3 E-Relations and P-Relations
109(3)
5.4.4 Integrity Rules
112(1)
5.5 Database Design via the XR Model
113(6)
5.5.1 Determining the Kernel Entities
113(1)
5.5.2 Determining the Characteristic Entities
113(1)
5.5.3 Determining the Designative Entities
114(1)
5.5.4 Determining the Associations
115(1)
5.5.5 Determining Entity Subtypes and Super-types
116(1)
5.5.6 Determining Component Entities
117(1)
5.5.7 Determining Additional Properties
117(2)
5.5.8 Additional Applications of the XR Model
119(1)
5.6 The UML Model
119(3)
5.7 Database Design via the UML Model
122(1)
5.8 Innovation: The Object/Entity Specification Grid
123(4)
5.9 Database Design via Normalization Theory
127(5)
5.9.1 Example: Mountaineering Problem
127(3)
5.9.2 Determining Candidate Keys and then Normalizing
130(2)
5.10 Database Model and Design Tools
132(2)
5.11 Summary and Concluding Remarks
134(1)
5.12 Review Questions
135(1)
5.13 References and/or Recommended Readings
136(3)
Chapter 6 Database User Interface Design
139(16)
6.1 Overview
139(2)
6.2 Deciding on the User Interface
141(1)
6.3 Steps in the User Interface Design
142(3)
6.3.1 Menu or Graphical User Interface
142(3)
6.3.2 Command-Based User Interface
145(1)
6.4 User Interface Development and Implementation
145(7)
6.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
152(1)
6.6 Review Questions
152(1)
6.7 References and/or Recommend Readings
153(2)
Chapter 7 Relational Algebra
155(26)
7.1 Overview
155(1)
7.2 Basic Operations of Relational Algebra
156(1)
7.2.1 Primary and Secondary Operations
157(1)
7.2.2 Codd's Original Classification of Operations
157(1)
7.2.3 Nested Operations
157(1)
7.3 Syntax of Relational Algebra
157(17)
7.3.1 Select Statement
162(1)
7.3.2 Projection Statement
163(1)
7.3.3 Natural Join Statement
164(2)
7.3.4 Cartesian Product
166(1)
7.3.5 Theta-Join
167(3)
7.3.6 Inner and Outer Joins
170(2)
7.3.7 Union, Intersection, and Difference Statements
172(1)
7.3.8 Division Statement
173(1)
7.4 Aliases, Renaming, and the Relational Assignment
174(2)
7.4.1 The Alias Operation
174(1)
7.4.2 The Assignment Operation
175(1)
7.4.3 The Rename Operation
175(1)
7.5 Other Operators
176(1)
7.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
177(1)
7.7 Review Questions
178(1)
7.8 References and/or Recommended Readings
179(2)
Chapter 8 Relational Calculus
181(14)
8.1 Overview
181(2)
8.2 Calculus Notations and Illustrations
183(2)
8.3 Quantifiers, Free and Bound Variables
185(4)
8.3.1 Well-Formed Formula
186(1)
8.3.2 Free and Bound Variables
186(3)
8.4 Substitution Rule and Standardization Rules
189(1)
8.5 Introductory Query Optimization
189(3)
8.6 Domain-Oriented Relational Calculus
192(1)
8.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
192(1)
8.8 Review Questions
193(1)
8.9 References and/or Recommended Readings
193(2)
Chapter 9 Reflective Look at the Relational Database Model
195(8)
9.1 The Relational Model Summarized
195(1)
9.2 Ramifications of the Relational Model
196(4)
9.2.1 Codd's Early Benchmark
196(1)
9.2.2 Revised Definition of a Relational System
197(3)
9.2.3 Far-Reaching Consequences
200(1)
9.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks
200(1)
9.4 Review Questions
200(1)
9.5 References
201(2)
Part C: The Structured Query Language 203(144)
Chapter 10 Overview of SQL
205(6)
10.1 Important Facts
205(2)
10.1.1 Commonly Used DDL Statements
205(2)
10.1.2 Commonly Used DML and DCL Statements
207(1)
10.1.3 Syntax Convention
207(1)
10.2 Advantages of SQL
207(1)
10.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks
208(1)
10.4 Review Questions
208(1)
10.5 Recommended Readings
209(2)
Chapter 11 SQL Data Definition Statements
211(38)
11.1 Overview of Oracle's SQL Environment
212(1)
11.2 Basic Concepts in a Typical Oracle Database Environment
213(2)
11.3 Database Creation
215(4)
11.4 Database Management
219(4)
11.5 Tablespace Creation
223(3)
11.6 Tablespace Management
226(2)
11.7 Table Creation
228(6)
11.8 Dropping or Modifying a Table
234(2)
11.9 Working with Indexes
236(8)
11.10 Working with Sequences
244(2)
11.10.1 Creating and Using Sequences
244(1)
11.10.2 Altering and Dropping Sequences
245(1)
11.11 Working with Synonyms
246(1)
11.12 Summary and Concluding Remarks
247(1)
11.13 Review Questions
247(1)
11.14 References and/or Recommended Readings
248(1)
Chapter 12 SQL Data Manipulation Statements
249(56)
12.1 Insertion of Data
249(3)
12.2 Update Operations
252(3)
12.3 Deletion of Data
255(1)
12.4 Commit and Rollback Operations
256(2)
12.5 Basic Syntax for Queries
258(3)
12.6 Simple Queries
261(2)
12.7 Queries Involving Multiple Tables
263(4)
12.7.1 The Traditional Method
263(3)
12.7.2 The ANSI Method
266(1)
12.8 Queries Involving the Use of Functions
267(13)
12.8.1 Row Functions
268(2)
12.8.2 Date Functions
270(2)
12.8.3 Data Conversion Functions
272(2)
12.8.4 Programmer-Defined Functions
274(1)
12.8.5 Aggregation Functions
275(4)
12.8.6 Analytic Functions
279(1)
12.9 Queries Using the LIKE and BETWEEN Operators
280(1)
12.10 Nested Queries
281(4)
12.10.1 Nested Queries Involving Use of the IN Operator
282(1)
12.10.2 Nested Queries Involving use of ANY or ALL Operator
283(2)
12.10.3 Nested Queries Using the Existential Quantifier
285(1)
12.11 Queries Involving Set Operations
285(2)
12.12 Queries with Runtime Variables
287(1)
12.13 Queries Involving SQL*Plus Format Commands
288(1)
12.14 Embedded SQL
289(6)
12.15 Dynamic Queries
295(6)
12.16 Summary and Concluding Remarks
301(2)
12.17 Review Questions
303(1)
12.18 References and/or Recommended Readings
303(2)
Chapter 13 Logical Views and System Security
305(22)
13.1 Traditional Logical Views
305(4)
13.1.1 View Creation
306(2)
13.1.2 View Modification and Removal
308(1)
13.1.3 Usefulness and Manipulation of Logical Views
309(1)
13.2 System Security
309(11)
13.2.1 Access to the System
310(4)
13.2.2 Access to the System Resources
314(3)
13.2.3 Access to the System Data
317(3)
13.3 Materialized Views
320(4)
13.3.1 Creating a Materialized View
320(2)
13.3.2 Altering or Dropping a Materialized View
322(2)
13.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
324(1)
13.5 Review Questions
324(1)
13.6 References and/or Recommended Readings
325(2)
Chapter 14 The System Catalog
327(12)
14.1 Introduction
327(1)
14.2 Three Important Catalog Tables
328(3)
14.2.1 The User Tables View
328(1)
14.2.2 The User_Tab_Columns View
329(1)
14.2.3 The User Indexes View
329(2)
14.3 Other Important Catalog Tables
331(3)
14.4 Querying the System Catalog
334(2)
14.5 Updating the System Catalog
336(1)
14.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
337(1)
14.7 Review Questions
338(1)
14.8 References and/or Recommended Readings
338(1)
Chapter 15 Some Limitations of SQL
339(8)
15.1 Programming Limitations
339(1)
15.2 Limitations on Views
339(2)
15.2.1 Restriction on Use of the Order-By Clause for Earlier Versions of SQL
340(1)
15.2.2 Restriction on Data Manipulation for Views involving UNION, INTERSECT, or JOIN
340(1)
15.2.3 Restriction on the Use of Aggregation Functions for Earlier Versions of SQL
341(1)
15.3 Stringent Enforcement of Referential Integrity
341(2)
15.4 Limitations on Calculated Columns
343(1)
15.5 If-Then Limitation
344(1)
15.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
344(1)
15.7 Review Questions
345(1)
15.8 Recommended Readings
345(2)
Part D: Advanced Topics 347(86)
Chapter 16 Database Administration
349(12)
16.1 Database Installation, Creation, and Configuration
349(1)
16.2 Database Security
350(1)
16.3 Database Management
350(1)
16.4 Database Backup and Recovery
351(4)
16.4.1 Oracle Backups: Basic Concept
351(1)
16.4.2 Oracle Recovery: Basic Concept
352(1)
16.4.3 Types of Failures
352(1)
16.4.4 Database Backups
353(1)
16.4.5 Basic Recovery Steps
354(1)
16.4.6 Oracle's Backup and Recovery Solutions
354(1)
16.5 Database Tuning
355(3)
16.5.1 Tuning Goals
355(1)
16.5.2 Tuning Methodology
356(2)
16.6 Database Removal
358(1)
16.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
358(1)
16.8 Review Questions
359(1)
16.9 References and/or Recommended Readings
359(2)
Chapter 17 Distributed Database Systems
361(10)
17.1 Preliminaries
361(1)
17.2 Advantages of Distributed Database Systems
362(1)
17.3 12 Rules for Distributed Database Systems
363(2)
17.4 Challenges to Distributed Database Systems
365(2)
17.4.1 Query Optimization
365(1)
17.4.2 Catalog Management
365(1)
17.4.3 Update Propagation
366(1)
17.4.4 Concurrency
366(1)
17.4.5 Transaction Management
367(1)
17.5 Database Gateways
367(1)
17.6 The Future of Distributed Database Systems
368(1)
17.6.1 Object Technology
368(1)
17.6.2 Electronic Communication Systems
368(1)
17.6.3 Cloud Technology
369(1)
17.6.4 Big Data
369(1)
17.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
369(1)
17.8 Review Questions
370(1)
17.9 References and/or Recommended Readings
370(1)
Chapter 18 Object Databases
371(6)
18.1 Overview
371(2)
18.2 Overview of Object-Oriented Database Management Systems
373(1)
18.3 Challenges for Object-Oriented Database Management Systems
374(1)
18.4 Hybrid Approach
375(1)
18.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
375(1)
18.6 Review Questions
376(1)
18.7 References and/or Recommended Readings
376(1)
Chapter 19 Data Warehousing
377(14)
19.1 Overview
377(2)
19.1.1 Definitions
378(1)
19.1.2 Acquiring a Data Warehouse
378(1)
19.2 Rationale for Data Warehousing
379(1)
19.3 Characteristics of a Data Warehouse
380(4)
19.3.1 Definitive Features
380(1)
19.3.2 Nature of Data Stored
380(1)
19.3.3 Processing Requirements
381(2)
19.3.4 12 Rules for Data Warehousing
383(1)
19.4 Data Warehouse Architecture
384(3)
19.4.1 Basic Data Warehouse Architecture
384(1)
19.4.2 Data Warehouse Architecture with a Staging Area
384(1)
19.4.3 Data Warehouse Architecture with a Staging Area and Data Marts
385(2)
19.5 Extraction, Transformation, and Loading
387(1)
19.5.1 What Happens During the ETL Process
387(1)
19.5.2 ETL Tools
387(1)
19.5.3 Daily Operations and Expansion of the Data Warehouse
388(1)
19.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
388(1)
19.7 Review Questions
389(1)
19.8 References and/or Recommended Readings
390(1)
Chapter 20 Web-Accessible Databases
391(12)
20.1 Introduction
391(1)
20.2 Web-Accessible Database Architecture
392(1)
20.3 Supporting Technologies
393(2)
20.4 Implementation with Selected DBMS Suites
395(2)
20.4.1 Implementation via Oracle
395(1)
20.4.2 Implementation via DB2
396(1)
20.4.3 Implementation via MySQL
397(1)
20.5 Generic Implementation via Front-End and Back-End Tools
397(1)
20.6 Challenges and Opportunities
398(2)
20.6.1 Cloud Computing and Big Data
398(1)
20.6.2 Cybersecurity
399(1)
20.7 Summary and Concluding Remarks
400(1)
20.8 Review Questions
400(1)
20.9 References and/or Recommended Readings
401(2)
Chapter 21 Using Database Systems to Anchor Management Support Systems
403(30)
21.1 Overview of Management Support Systems
403(1)
21.2 Building System Security Through Database Design
404(1)
21.3 Case Study: Dynamic Menu Interface Designer
405(14)
21.3.1 Database Requirements of the DMID
406(6)
21.3.2 Overview of the DMID's User Interface Requirements
412(1)
21.3.3 Management of System Constraints via the DMID
413(2)
21.3.4 Access to System Resources
415(4)
21.3.5 Usefulness and Applicability of the DMID
419(1)
21.4 Selected MSS Project Ideas
419(10)
21.4.1 Electoral Management System
419(1)
21.4.2 Health Information Management System
420(1)
21.4.3 Strategic Education Management System
421(1)
21.4.4 Flight Information Management System
422(1)
21.4.5 Financial Information Management System
422(1)
21.4.6 Disease Recognition System
423(1)
21.4.7 Cognitive Leadership Analysis System
424(2)
21.4.8 Financial Status Assessment System
426(1)
21.4.9 College/University Administrative Information System
427(2)
21.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
429(2)
21.6 Review Questions
431(1)
21.7 References and/or Recommended Readings
431(2)
Part E: Overview of Selected DBMS Suites 433(36)
Chapter 22 Overview of Oracle
435(8)
22.1 Introduction
435(2)
22.2 Main Components of the Oracle Suite
437(3)
22.2.1 Oracle Server
437(1)
22.2.2 Oracle PL/SQL and SQL*Plus
438(1)
22.2.3 Oracle Developer Suite
438(1)
22.2.4 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and SQL Developer
439(1)
22.2.5 Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control
439(1)
22.2.6 Oracle Database Configuration Assistant
439(1)
22.2.7 Oracle Warehouse Builder
439(1)
22.3 Shortcomings of Oracle
440(1)
22.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
441(1)
22.5 Review Questions
441(1)
22.6 References and/or Recommended Readings
442(1)
Chapter 23 Overview of DB2
443(8)
23.1 Introduction
443(2)
23.2 Main Components of the DB2 Suite
445(4)
23.2.1 DB2 Universal Database Core
446(1)
23.2.2 Command Line Processor Plus (CLPPlus)
447(1)
23.2.3 IBM InfoSphere Information Server
447(1)
23.2.4 IBM Data Studio
448(1)
23.2.5 IBM InfoSphere Warehouse
449(1)
23.3 Shortcomings of DB2
449(1)
23.4 Summary and Concluding Remarks
450(1)
23.5 Review Questions
450(1)
23.6 References and/or Recommended Readings
450(1)
Chapter 24 Overview of MySQL
451(10)
24.1 Introduction to MySQL
451(3)
24.2 Main Features of MySQL
454(2)
24.3 Main Components of MySQL
456(1)
24.4 Alternate Storage Engines
457(1)
24.5 Shortcomings of MySQL
457(3)
24.5.1 Limitations on Logical Views
458(1)
24.5.2 Limitations on Subqueries
458(1)
24.5.3 Limitation on Server-Side Cursors
459(1)
24.5.4 Other Limitations
459(1)
24.6 Summary and Concluding Remarks
460(1)
24.7 Review Questions
460(1)
24.8 References and/or Recommended Readings
460(1)
Chapter 25 Overview of Microsoft SQL Server
461(8)
25.1 Introduction
461(1)
25.1.1 Brief History
461(1)
25.1.2 Operating Environment
462(1)
25.1.3 Microsoft SQL Server Editions
462(1)
25.2 Main Features of Microsoft SQL Server
462(1)
25.3 Main Components of Microsoft SQL Server Suite
463(3)
25.3.1 Server Components
463(1)
25.3.2 Management Tools
464(1)
25.3.3 Development Tools
464(1)
25.3.4 Client Connectivity
465(1)
25.3.5 Code Samples
465(1)
25.4 Shortcomings of Microsoft SQL Server
466(1)
25.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
467(1)
25.6 Review Questions
467(1)
25.7 References and/or Recommended Readings
467(2)
Part F: Appendices 469(128)
Appendix A1: Review of Trees
471(34)
A1.1 Introduction to Trees
471(1)
A1.2 Binary Trees
472(15)
A1.2.1 Overview of Binary Trees
472(3)
A1.2.2 Representation of Binary Trees
475(1)
A1.2.3 Application of Binary Trees
476(1)
A1.2.4 Operations on Binary Trees
476(1)
A1.2.5 Implementation of Binary Trees
476(6)
A1.2.6 Binary Tree Traversals
482(3)
A1.2.7 Using Binary Trees to Evaluate Expressions
485(2)
A1.3 Threaded Binary Trees
487(1)
A1.4 Binary Search Trees
488(3)
A1.5 Height-Balanced Trees
491(1)
A1.6 Heaps
492(3)
A1.6.1 Building the Heap
492(1)
A1.6.2 Processing the Heap (Heap-Sort)
493(2)
A1.7 M-Way Search Trees and B-Trees
495(7)
A1.7.1 Definition of B-Tree
497(2)
A1.7.2 Implementation of the B-tree
499(3)
A1.8 Summary and Concluding Remarks
502(1)
A1.9 References and/or Recommended Readings
503(2)
Appendix A2: Review of Hashing
505(18)
A2.1 Introduction
505(1)
A2.2 Hash Functions
506(4)
A2.2.1 Absolute Addressing
506(1)
A2.2.2 Direct Table Lookup
506(2)
A2.2.3 Division-Remainder
508(1)
A2.2.4 Mid-Square
508(1)
A2.2.5 Folding
509(1)
A2.2.6 Truncation
509(1)
A2.2.7 Treating Alphanumeric Key Values
510(1)
A2.3 Collision Resolution
510(3)
A2.3.1 Linear Probing
510(1)
A2.3.2 Synonym Chaining
511(2)
A2.3.3 Rehashing
513(1)
A2.4 Hashing in Java
513(9)
A2.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks
522(1)
A2.6 References and/or Recommended Readings
522(1)
Appendix A3: Review of Information-Gathering Techniques
523(16)
A3.1 Rationale for Information Gathering
523(2)
A3.2 Interviewing
525(2)
A3.2.1 Steps in Planning the Interview
525(1)
A3.2.2 Basic Guidelines for Interviews
525(2)
A3.3 Questionnaires and Surveys
527(1)
A3.3.1 Guidelines for Questionnaires
527(1)
A3.3.2 Using Scales in Questionnaires
527(1)
A3.3.3 Administering the Questionnaire
528(1)
A3.4 Sampling
528(4)
A3.4.1 Probability Sampling Techniques
529(1)
A3.4.2 Non-Probability Sampling Techniques
529(1)
A3.4.3 Sample Calculations
529(3)
A3.5 Observation and Document Review
532(1)
A3.6 Prototyping
532(1)
A3.7 Brainstorming
533(1)
A3.8 Object Identification
533(4)
A3.8.1 The Descriptive Narrative Approach
534(1)
A3.8.2 The Rule-of-Thumb Approach
535(2)
A3.9 Summary and Concluding Remarks
537(1)
A3.10 References and/or Recommended Readings
538(1)
Appendix A4: BNF Syntax for Selected SQL Statements
539(46)
A4.1 Database Management
540(5)
A4.1.1 Syntax for Create-Database Statement
540(1)
A4.1.2 Syntax for Alter-Database Statement
541(4)
A4.2 Tablespace Management
545(2)
A4.2.1 Syntax for Create-Tablespace Statement
545(1)
A4.2.2 Syntax for Alter-Tablespace Statement
546(1)
A4.3 Tables Management
547(15)
A4.3.1 Syntax for Create-Table Statement
547(8)
A4.3.2 Syntax for Alter-Table Statement
555(7)
A4.4 Index Management
562(4)
A4.4.1 Syntax for Create-Index Statement
562(2)
A4.4.2 Syntax for After-Index Statement
564(2)
A4.5 Data Insertion, Update, and Deletion
566(1)
A4.5.1 Abridged Syntax for the Insert Statement
566(1)
A4.5.2 Abridged Syntax for the Update Statement
566(1)
A4.5.3 Syntax for Delete Statement and Truncate Statement
567(1)
A4.6 Transaction Management
567(1)
A4.7 Building Queries
568(10)
A4.7.1 Abridged Syntax for the Select Statement
568(1)
A4.7.2 Modified From-Clause for ANSI Join
569(1)
A4.7.3 Some Commonly Used Row Functions
570(3)
A4.7.4 Some Commonly Used Date Manipulation Functions
573(1)
A4.7.5 Some Commonly Used Data Conversion Functions
574(1)
A4.7.6 Some Valid Date and Numeric Formats
575(1)
A4.7.7 Commonly Used Aggregation Functions
576(1)
A4.7.8 Syntax for Using Analytic Functions
577(1)
A4.7.9 Syntax for Nested Queries
577(1)
A4.8 Managing Logical Views
578(2)
A4.8.1 Creating the Logical View
578(1)
A4.8.2 Altering or Dropping the Logical View
579(1)
A4.9 Managing System Security
580(5)
A4.9.1 Syntax for Create-Profile Statement
580(1)
A4.9.2 Syntax for Altering or Dropping a Profile
581(1)
A4.9.3 Syntax for Creating User Account(s)
581(1)
A4.9.4 Syntax for Altering or Dropping User Account(s)
582(1)
A4.9.5 Syntax for Creating, Altering, or Dropping Role(s)
582(1)
A4.9.6 Syntax for Granting or Revoking Privilege(s)
583(2)
Appendix A5: Sample Exercises and Examination Questions
585(12)
A5.1 Introduction
585(1)
A5.2 Sample Assignment 2A
586(1)
A5.3 Sample Assignment 3B
586(2)
A5.4 Sample Assignment 4A
588(2)
A5.5 Sample Assignment 5A
590(1)
A5.6 Sample Assignment 6A
591(1)
A5.7 Sample Assignment 7A
592(1)
A5.8 Sample Assignment 8
593(1)
A5.9 Sample Assignment 9
594(3)
Index 597
Elvis C. Foster is Associate Professor of Computer Science at Keene State College, New Hampshire. He holds a Bachelor of Science (BS.) in Computer Science and Electronics, as well as a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Computer Science (specializing in strategic information systems and database systems) from University of the West Indies, Mona Jamaica. Dr. Foster has over 22 years of combined experience as a software engineer, information technology executive and consultant, and computer science educator. Shripad V. Godbole is an independent database administrator/consultant with over 20 years of experience in diverse business environments, information infrastructure planning, diagnostics, and administration. His qualifications include Bachelor of Science (BS) in Physics, Bachelor of Computer Science (BCS), Master of Science (MS) in Physics with specialization in Electronics, all from Poona University in Pune, India. He is also an Oracle Certified Professional Database Administrator (OCPDBA), and holds a Master of Business Administration (MBA) in Technology Management from University of Phoenix. 
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