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E-raamat: Delay-Tolerant Satellite Networks

  • Formaat: 272 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781630815172
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  • Formaat: 272 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2017
  • Kirjastus: Artech House Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781630815172

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Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) emerged as a novel architecture to address the challenges in end-to-end connectivity in unexplored networked satellite mission areas. It started in the late 1990s as a discussion on how to extend the Internet into interplanetary space. Objects in interplanetary space are so far apart that the fundamental assumptions underlying the internet architecture at the time wasn't adequate. They needed a new networking paradigm that embraced delay and disruptions in such environments.

While the book focuses on satellites orbiting the earth, the concepts explored can be directly applied to satellites orbiting any planet, and in some cases adapted to space probes. It specifically explores ways in which DTN might make terrestrial communication and observation via Earth-orbiting satellites less expensive and more robust. As the DTNs took shape, it became apparent that the same challenges in architecture that would make communication delay-tolerant would also make communication disrupt-tolerant, and could be useful to solve communication problems on Earth as well.

The book reviews existing state-of-the-art on board and ground technology supporting satellite applications, such as communications protocols, algorithms and security procedures. It also provides a unique analysis on the motivation of using Inter-Satellite links (ISL) to form networks on space in a disruptive environment and extensive modeling and analysis tools suitable for professionals and researchers in the field.
1 Introduction 1(12)
1.1 The Limits of the Internet
2(2)
1.2 The Problem: We Expect the Internet to Act Like a Telephone
4(2)
1.3 This Is Not New
6(2)
1.4 How Does This Help Me Get My Weather Forecast for Chicago?
8(1)
1.5 Case Study: Delay-Tolerant Electronic Commerce
9(2)
1.6 What Does This Have to Do with Satellites?
11(1)
Bibliography
12(1)
2 Delay-Tolerant Networking 13(16)
2.1 DTN Principles
13(5)
2.1.1 No Client/Server
13(1)
2.1.2 Bundling Data and Negotiation Parameters
14(1)
2.1.3 Patience
14(1)
2.1.4 Delay-Tolerance in Applications
14(1)
2.1.5 Time-to-Live
15(1)
2.1.6 The End-to-End Principle
15(1)
2.1.7 Security
16(1)
2.1.8 Link Symmetry and Error Rate
16(1)
2.1.9 Delay versus Disruption
17(1)
2.2 DTN Architecture
18(4)
2.2.1 Bundles
19(1)
2.2.2 Store-and-Forward
20(1)
2.2.3 Custody Transfer
21(1)
2.2.4 Convergence Layer Adapters
22(1)
2.3 DTN Data Flow
22(3)
2.4 DTN versus Information-Centric Networking
25(1)
Bibliography
26(3)
3 Satellite Communications 29(24)
3.1 Satellite Links
30(3)
3.2 Communication Protocols
33(4)
3.2.1 CCSDS TM/TC and AOS
33(1)
3.2.2 CCSDS Proximity-1
34(1)
3.2.3 CCSDS USLP
35(1)
3.2.4 CubeSat Protocols
35(1)
3.2.5 Satellite Communication Services
36(1)
3.3 Distributed Multiple Access Schemes
37(4)
3.3.1 Time Division Multiple Access
38(1)
3.3.2 Code Division Multiple Access
39(1)
3.3.3 Frequency Division Multiple Access
40(1)
3.4 Time Synchronization
41(1)
3.5 Satellite Networks
42(8)
3.5.1 GEO Networks
42(3)
3.5.2 LEO and MEO Networks
45(3)
3.5.3 Delay Expectations
48(2)
Bibliography
50(3)
4 Toward Delay-Tolerant Satellite Networks 53(34)
4.1 DTSN Applications
54(7)
4.1.1 Familiar Delay-Tolerant Applications
55(1)
4.1.2 Ring Road Networks
55(1)
4.1.3 Delay-Tolerant Earth Observation
56(3)
4.1.4 Beyond Earth Applications
59(2)
4.2 DTN at the Core of DTSNs
61(4)
4.3 Nodes
65(2)
4.3.1 Addresses versus Identifiers
65(1)
4.3.2 Transponders versus Satellites
66(1)
4.4 Contacts
67(6)
4.4.1 Contact Modeling Accuracy
70(1)
4.4.2 Contact versus Links
71(1)
4.4.3 Contacts for Multiple Nodes
72(1)
4.5 Contact Plans
73(3)
4.5.1 Scheduled Multiple Access
75(1)
4.5.2 Contact Plan Distribution
75(1)
4.6 Case Study: The Ring Road Architecture
76(8)
4.6.1 How Would the User Experience This Service?
82(2)
Bibliography
84(3)
5 Models for Delay-Tolerant Satellite Networks 87(18)
5.1 Performance Metrics
87(1)
5.2 Why Model DTSNs?
88(2)
5.3 Time-Expanded Graphs
90(7)
5.4 Contact Graphs
97(2)
5.5 Network Algorithms
99(4)
5.5.1 Delivery Time
99(2)
5.5.2 Volume and Storage
101(2)
5.5.3 Quickest Data Delivery
103(1)
Bibliography
103(2)
6 Technologies for Delay-Tolerant Satellite Networks 105(40)
6.1 The DTN Protocols
105(14)
6.1.1 Transmission Protocols
106(9)
6.1.2 Management Protocols
115(2)
6.1.3 Security Protocols
117(2)
6.2 DTN Implementations for Space
119(6)
6.2.1 ION
120(3)
6.2.2 du PCN
123(2)
6.3 Schedule-Aware Bundle Routing
125(14)
6.3.1 Contact Graph Routing
129(4)
6.3.2 Route Determination Procedure
133(6)
6.4 DTN Flight Validations
139(4)
6.4.1 EPDXI Deep Space Mission
139(2)
6.4.2 UK-DMC Satellite
141(1)
6.4.3 International Space Station
142(1)
Bibliography
143(2)
7 Cross-Linked Delay-Tolerant Satellite Networks 145(32)
7.1 Orbital Dynamics
145(7)
7.1.1 Sun-Synchronous Orbit
149(1)
7.1.2 Two Line Elements
150(2)
7.2 DTSN Constellation Design
152(19)
7.2.1 Equator-Parallel Formation
153(3)
7.2.2 Ladder Formation
156(3)
7.2.3 Walker Formation
159(4)
7.2.4 Along-Track Formation
163(8)
7.3 Heterogeneous DTSNs
171(3)
7.3.1 Heterogenous Connectivity
171(1)
7.3.2 Heterogenous Data Rates
172(1)
7.3.3 Heterogenous Services
173(1)
Bibliography
174(3)
8 Contact Plan Design 177(24)
8.1 Reasons to Further Process the Contact Topology
178(6)
8.1.1 Energy Management
178(2)
8.1.2 Interference
180(1)
8.1.3 Channel Access
181(1)
8.1.4 Platform Constraints
182(2)
8.1.5 Other Reasons
184(1)
8.2 Contact Plan Design Procedures
184(15)
8.2.1 Design Criteria
185(2)
8.2.2 Design Methodology
187(16)
8.2.2.2 Suboptimal Methodologies
192(7)
Bibliography
199(2)
9 Challenges in Delay-Tolerant Satellite Networking 201(22)
9.1 Fragmentation
201(2)
9.2 Congestion
203(11)
9.2.1 Provoked by Storage Exhaustion
204(1)
9.2.2 Provoked by Insufficient Volume
204(4)
9.2.3 Congestion Control Strategies
208(6)
9.3 Routing
214(5)
9.3.1 Route Table Computation
215(2)
9.3.2 Opportunistic Forwarding
217(2)
9.4 Time Distribution
219(1)
9.5 Multicast
220(1)
9.6 Prospects and Impacts
221(1)
Bibliography
222(1)
Appendix A: DTSN Tools 223(12)
A.1 DtnSim
223(6)
A.1.1 APP Module
224(1)
A.1.2 DTN Module
225(1)
A.1.3 COM Module
225(1)
A.1.4 Other Modules
226(1)
A.1.5 Integrating DTN Implementations
226(1)
A.1.6 Sample Outputs
227(2)
A.2 Contact Plan Designer
229(6)
A.2.1 Contact Plan Determination
229(1)
A.2.2 Contact Plan Design
230(1)
A.2.3 Contact Plan Analysis
231(1)
A.2.4 Sample Scenario
232(3)
Acronyms 235(4)
About the Authors 239(2)
Index 241
Juan A. Fraire is a satellite constellation communication architect at Servicios Tecnologicos Integrados, Cordoba Argentina. He received his Ph.D. in engineering and applied sciences from Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Argentina. Jorge M. Finochietto is a professor in the school of engineering at the Universidad Nacional de Cordoba and an adjunct researcher at Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. He received his Ph.D. in electronics and communication engineering from Politecnico di Tornio Italy. Scott C. Burleigh is a principal engineer at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He received his engineering degree at the University of Albany, SUNY.