Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
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xxv | |
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xxxiii | |
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xlv | |
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xlvii | |
Dependable IoT for Human and Industry: Introduction and Book Scope |
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1 | (16) |
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1 Internet of Important Things |
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1 | (6) |
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2 Internet of Things and Collaboratory |
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7 | (5) |
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12 | (5) |
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PART I Internet of Vital and Trust Things |
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1 Disruptive Innovation in Vital Embedded Systems and the Internet of Vital Things |
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17 | (30) |
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1.1 Introduction and Brief History |
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17 | (8) |
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17 | (3) |
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1.1.2 Critical Embedded Systems |
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20 | (1) |
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1.1.3 The Internet of Things in Context |
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21 | (3) |
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1.1.4 Some Observations of the Status Quo and the Near Term |
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24 | (1) |
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1.2 Internet of Vital Things (IoVT) |
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25 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Historic Example: SAGE |
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26 | (1) |
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1.3 The SAGE Air Defense System |
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27 | (1) |
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1.4 Evolution of Disruptive Innovation in the Design of Microelectronic Systems and the IoVT |
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27 | (8) |
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28 | (1) |
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1.4.2 Concepts of GAIN and Global Systems Engineering Education |
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29 | (1) |
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1.4.3 I-GEMS and the Virtual Design Universe |
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30 | (1) |
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1.4.4 Design for Globalization |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (2) |
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1.5 Vital-iSolve and the Internet of Vital Things (IOVT) |
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35 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Vital-iSolve Fundamentals |
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36 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Vital-iSolve Ingredients |
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38 | (1) |
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1.5.3 Example From an E-health Ambulatory Sensor Application: Heart Sensor |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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1.6.1 Summing up the Recent Disruptive Innovation in Microelectronics Systems Education |
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39 | (1) |
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1.6.2 The Big Question Which Needs to be Addressed |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (6) |
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2 How to Support Creativity in the Complex IoT with Ethics and Trust for Users |
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47 | (16) |
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48 | (2) |
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2.2 Architecting the Future |
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50 | (7) |
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2.2.1 Conceptual Architects |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (2) |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (5) |
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PART II Modelling and Assessment |
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3 Design and Simulation of an Energy-efficient Sensor Network Routing Protocol for Large-scale Distributed Environmental Monitoring Systems |
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63 | (20) |
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64 | (3) |
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3.1.1 Context and Motivation |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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3.3 Proposed Protocol EESNR |
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70 | (4) |
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3.3.1 Network Topology Model for EESNR |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Radio and Data Transmission Model |
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73 | (1) |
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3.4 Simulation Setup and Results |
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74 | (5) |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (3) |
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4 Modeling and Assessment of Resource-sharing Efficiency in Social Internet of Things |
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83 | (22) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (2) |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (4) |
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4.4.1 P2P Resource Sharing Specifications |
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89 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Agent-Based Model of Peers in Competitive Mode |
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90 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Agent-Based Model of Peers in Cooperative Mode |
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92 | (1) |
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4.5 Simulation and Results |
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93 | (7) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (5) |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (5) |
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5 Modeling and Availability Assessment of Mobile Healthcare IoT Using Tree Analysis and Queueing Theory |
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105 | (22) |
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106 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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5.2 Healthcare IoT Infrastructure |
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108 | (2) |
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5.3 Applicable Approaches and Methods for Modeling and Simulation of Healthcare IoT |
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110 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Fault Tree Analysis for Failure Occurrence Nature of Healthcare IoT |
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110 | (4) |
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5.3.2 Justification of Applicability of the Queueing Theory |
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114 | (1) |
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5.4 Case Study: Modeling of Healthcare IoT Using Queueing Theory |
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115 | (7) |
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5.4.1 Initial Model "Birth-Death" |
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115 | (1) |
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5.4.2 The Model Considering Attacks on Vulnerabilities |
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116 | (1) |
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5.4.3 The Model Considering Elimination of Vulnerabilities |
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117 | (5) |
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5.4.4 Discussion of the Simulation Results |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (3) |
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6 PSMECA Analysis of IoT-based Physical Security Systems |
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127 | (20) |
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127 | (4) |
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127 | (1) |
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6.1.2 The Objectives, Approach and Structure |
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128 | (3) |
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6.2 IoT-based Physical Security System |
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131 | (3) |
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6.3 Establishment of the Models of PSS |
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134 | (5) |
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6.3.1 Models of Functions and Components of PSS |
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135 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Fault Models of Physical Security System |
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137 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Investigation and Analysis of the Occurrence of Failures in PSS |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (3) |
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6.4.1 An Example of PSMECA Tables for the Case of CCTV Subsystem Functioning in Normal Operation Mode |
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139 | (3) |
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6.4.2 Discussion of the PSMECA |
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142 | (1) |
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6.5 Conclusions and Future Steps |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (4) |
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7 IoT Security Event Correlation Based on the Analysis of Event Types |
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147 | (22) |
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148 | (2) |
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150 | (2) |
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7.3 Approach to Security Event Correlation |
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152 | (5) |
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7.3.1 Security Correlation and Sources of Information |
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152 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Events, Event Types, and Properties |
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153 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Correlation Method Based on Analysis of Event Types |
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154 | (2) |
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7.3.4 Input Data Requirements |
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156 | (1) |
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7.4 Implementation and Experiments |
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157 | (8) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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8 Investigation of the Smart Business Center for IoT Systems Availability Considering Attacks on the Router |
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169 | (28) |
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170 | (2) |
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8.2 Security Challenges for IoT Technologies |
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172 | (10) |
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8.2.1 Technologies and Features to Create IoT Systems |
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172 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Vulnerabilities and Types of Attacks in Wireless IoT Systems |
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174 | (1) |
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8.2.3 Security Issues of Some Wireless Technologies of IoT |
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175 | (1) |
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8.2.3.1 ZigBee technology |
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175 | (1) |
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8.2.3.2 Z-wave technology |
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176 | (1) |
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8.2.3.3 Long-Term Evolution/Long-Term Evolution Advanced (LTE/LTE-A) technologies |
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177 | (1) |
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8.2.3.4 Low-power Wide-area Network (LoRAWAN) technology |
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178 | (1) |
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8.2.3.5 Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) technology |
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179 | (1) |
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8.2.3.6 Bluetooth Low Energy technology (BLE) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (2) |
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8.3 The Markov Model of the SBC Router States |
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182 | (8) |
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8.3.1 Assumptions and Initial Data for Modeling |
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182 | (3) |
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8.3.2 Description of the SBC Router States' Graph |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (3) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (6) |
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9 An Internet of Drone-based Multi- version Post-severe Accident Monitoring System: Structures and Reliability |
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197 | (24) |
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198 | (3) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (3) |
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9.1.3 The Goals and Structure |
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201 | (1) |
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9.2 Principles of Creating an Internet-of-drones-based Multi-version Post-severe Accident Monitoring System |
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201 | (3) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (2) |
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9.3 Reliability Models for the Internet-of-drones-based Multi-version Post-severe Accident Monitoring System |
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204 | (8) |
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9.3.1 Simplified Structure |
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204 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Subsystems' Reliability Models |
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206 | (4) |
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210 | (2) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (6) |
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PART III Architecting and Development |
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10 Virtualization of Embedded Nodes for Network System Characterization in IoT Applications |
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221 | (20) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (3) |
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10.2.1 System Level Simulation |
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223 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Network Level Simulation |
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223 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Network Level Emulation |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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10.4.1 The emb::6 Networking Stack |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (5) |
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10.5.1 General Architecture |
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227 | (1) |
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10.5.2 Node Virtualization |
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228 | (1) |
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10.5.3 Virtual Radio and Channel |
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229 | (1) |
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10.5.4 Virtual Topologies |
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230 | (1) |
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10.5.5 Monitoring and Control |
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231 | (1) |
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10.6 Design and Implementation |
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232 | (5) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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10.6.3 Virtual Nodes and Virtual Channels |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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10.7 VTENN in IoT Applications |
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237 | (1) |
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10.8 Conclusion and Future Work |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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11 IoT Meets Opportunities and Challenges: Edge Computing in Deep Urban Environment |
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241 | (32) |
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242 | (2) |
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11.2 The Role of Big Data in IoT Era |
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244 | (4) |
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11.2.1 Big Data Generation |
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244 | (1) |
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11.2.2 IoT Data and Big Data Analytics |
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245 | (1) |
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11.2.3 IoT System Architecture |
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246 | (2) |
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11.3 Deep Urban Environment |
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248 | (5) |
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248 | (2) |
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11.3.2 Urban IoT Applications |
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250 | (3) |
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11.4 The Emergence of Edge Computing in Urban Context |
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253 | (11) |
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255 | (1) |
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11.4.2 Application in Urban Environment: Pollution Monitoring |
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256 | (3) |
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11.4.3 Network Load Improvements |
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259 | (1) |
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11.4.4 Network Local Estimation of Concentration for Immediate Exposure Feedback |
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260 | (3) |
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11.4.5 Dependability: Reliability, Security, and Maintenance |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (4) |
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12 Hybrid Control System of Mobile Objects for IoT |
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273 | (20) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
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12.4 Implementation and Evaluation of the Hybrid Control System |
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278 | (10) |
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12.4.1 Subsystem of Remote Control |
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278 | (5) |
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12.4.2 Subsystem of Autonomous Control |
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283 | (5) |
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12.5 Results and Further Work |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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13 Software Architecture for Smart Cities and Technical Solutions with Emerging Technologies' Internet of Things |
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293 | (14) |
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293 | (4) |
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13.1.1 Challenges in a Smart City |
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294 | (1) |
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13.1.2 Software Architecture for a Smart City |
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294 | (1) |
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13.1.3 Smart City Governance: Example of Oman |
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295 | (1) |
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13.1.4 Examples of Services Like Intelligent Transport System or Smart Transportation |
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295 | (2) |
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13.1.5 Smart Urban Modeling |
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297 | (1) |
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13.2 Security in a Smart City |
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297 | (5) |
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299 | (1) |
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13.2.2 Cyber-Physical Systems in Smart Cities |
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300 | (2) |
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13.3 IoT Solutions for a Smart City |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
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14 Approaches and Techniques to Improve IoT Dependability |
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307 | (24) |
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308 | (3) |
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308 | (2) |
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14.1.2 Objectives and Structure |
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310 | (1) |
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14.2 Secure Implementation of Modular Arithmetic Operations for IoT and Cloud Applications |
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311 | (5) |
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14.2.1 Modular Arithmetic Operation for IoT and Cloud Security |
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311 | (2) |
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14.2.2 Shortfalls of Methods for Secure Remote Implementation of Modular Exponentiation |
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313 | (1) |
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14.2.3 Secure Parallel Modular Exponentiation |
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313 | (1) |
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14.2.4 Secure Modular Exponentiation in Cloud Infrastructure |
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314 | (2) |
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14.3 Security and Safety Case Driven Design for IoT Systems |
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316 | (4) |
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14.3.1 Concept of Assurance Case Driven Design |
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316 | (2) |
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14.3.2 Approach to Implement ACDD |
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318 | (2) |
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14.4 Software Requirements Correctness Improvement for IoT Reliability |
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320 | (4) |
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14.4.1 Challenges for Software Systems' Reliability |
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320 | (1) |
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14.4.2 Methods of SWS Requirements' Correctness Improvement |
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321 | (2) |
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14.4.3 Proposed Metric for Requirement Complexity Evaluation |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (6) |
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PART IV Implementation and Industry Cases |
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15 Holistic Systems Engineering Methodology for Intelligent Energy Systems - with a Case Study from "ruhrvalley" |
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331 | (20) |
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332 | (1) |
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15.2 Systems Engineering for Intelligent Energy Systems -Literature Review and State of the Art |
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333 | (5) |
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15.3 Case Study: ORC Turbine |
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338 | (2) |
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15.4 Software Architecture for an IoT System based on OCM |
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340 | (4) |
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15.5 Smartification Process for Intelligent Technical Systems |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (3) |
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16 Smart Waste Management System: A Fusion of IoT and Blockchain Technology |
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351 | (16) |
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352 | (1) |
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16.2 IoT, Blockchain and Dependability |
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353 | (1) |
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16.3 Background and Motivation |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (2) |
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16.4.1 Sensing Waste Levels |
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356 | (1) |
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16.4.2 Sorting Waste at Source |
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356 | (1) |
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16.4.3 WSN-based Architectures |
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356 | (1) |
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16.5 Architecture Overview |
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357 | (4) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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361 | (1) |
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16.6 MQTT Message Exchange Architecture |
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361 | (2) |
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16.6.1 MQTT Topic Hierarchy |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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16.7 Limitation and Future Work |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (3) |
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17 Automation of Control Processes in Specialized Pyrolysis Complexes Based on Industrial Internet of Things |
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367 | (22) |
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368 | (1) |
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17.2 Industrial Internet of Things Approach and Its Implementation |
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369 | (3) |
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17.3 Generalized IIoT-Based Pyrolysis Complex Control System |
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372 | (4) |
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17.4 Implementation of the IIoT System for the SPC MCP-5 |
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376 | (7) |
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17.4.1 Functional Structure of the IIoT System for the SPC MCP-5 |
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376 | (2) |
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17.4.2 Description of the MCP-5 IIoT System Hardware |
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378 | (1) |
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17.4.3 Description of the MCP-5 IIoT System Software |
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379 | (2) |
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17.4.4 HMIof the MCP-5 IIoT System |
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381 | (2) |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (5) |
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18 Cloud-based IT Infrastructure for "Smart City" Projects |
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389 | (22) |
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390 | (1) |
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18.2 Socio-Communicative Component of the "Smart Cities" Projects |
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391 | (1) |
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18.3 Information-Technological Resources for the "Smart Cities" Projects Implementation |
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392 | (2) |
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18.4 The "Smart City" Project Tasks which can be Solved on the Basis of Cloud Computing |
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394 | (1) |
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18.5 Generalized Architecture of Information-Technological Support of the "Smart City" |
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395 | (1) |
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18.6 Infrastructure Platform for Cloud-Based "Smart City" Projects |
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396 | (3) |
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18.7 Architecture of the Center for the "Smart City" Analytical Data Processing |
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399 | (3) |
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18.8 Computing Architecture for Providing Information and Technology Services in the "Smart Cities" |
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402 | (2) |
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18.9 Conclusions and Further Investigation |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (6) |
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19 A Framework for Real-Time Public Transport Information Acquisition and Arrival Time Prediction Based on GPS Data |
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411 | (22) |
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411 | (4) |
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19.1.1 Real-Time Public Transport Information Service Infrastructure |
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412 | (1) |
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19.1.2 Objective and Challenges |
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413 | (2) |
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19.2 Arrival Time Prediction Models |
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415 | (4) |
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19.2.1 Prediction Methodology |
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415 | (2) |
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417 | (2) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (10) |
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19.3.1 General Strategy of Public Transport Information Service Delivering |
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420 | (1) |
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19.3.2 The Remote Access Configuration |
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420 | (1) |
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19.3.3 GPS Data Acquisition |
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421 | (1) |
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19.3.4 Assigning Route Number to Each Trolleybus |
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421 | (1) |
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19.3.5 Calculate the Predicted Arrival Time |
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422 | (2) |
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19.3.6 Data Acquisition and Information Processing Algorithm |
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424 | (1) |
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19.3.7 Experimental Results and Model Predictions for Trolleybus Arrival Time |
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425 | (4) |
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19.4 Conclusion and Future Work |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (4) |
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20 Scalable Smart Transducer Networks Using Power-over-Ethernet and Neural Networks |
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433 | (22) |
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434 | (1) |
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20.2 Research Objectives and Related Work |
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434 | (2) |
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20.3 Advantages and Improvements |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (10) |
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20.4.1 System Requirements |
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438 | (1) |
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20.4.2 Sensor Hub Classes |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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20.4.4 Requirements and Modes of Operation |
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442 | (1) |
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20.4.5 Parameters, Organization, and Data Processing |
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443 | (1) |
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20.4.6 Data Processing and Presentation |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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20.4.8 Incorporation of Neural Networks |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (2) |
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449 | (2) |
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451 | (1) |
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451 | (4) |
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21 IoT Systems of the AAL Sector: Application, Business Model, and Data Privacy |
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455 | (24) |
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455 | (3) |
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21.2 Smart Service Power (SSP) - Ambient Assisted Living for Elderly People |
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458 | (4) |
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21.2.1 The Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) of SSP |
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458 | (1) |
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21.2.2 Smart Service Power Top-Level System Architecture |
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459 | (3) |
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21.3 Solion - A Radio-based Assistance System |
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462 | (2) |
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21.4 Covibo - Vital Data Acquisition |
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464 | (1) |
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21.4.1 System for Vital Data Acquisition |
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465 | (1) |
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21.4.2 Communication Structure |
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465 | (1) |
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21.5 Business Models for AAL Applications |
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465 | (5) |
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21.6 Data Privacy and Data Usage Control |
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470 | (2) |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (6) |
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PART V Education and Training |
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22 Internet/Web of Things: A Survey of Technologies and Educational Programs |
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479 | (24) |
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479 | (5) |
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481 | (1) |
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481 | (2) |
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22.1.3 Goals and Structure |
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483 | (1) |
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22.2 Survey of IoT/WoT Technologies |
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484 | (6) |
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22.2.1 IoT Global Network Architecture |
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485 | (3) |
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488 | (2) |
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22.3 Structure of the Training Program "Technologies and Tools for Developing WoT Applications" |
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490 | (4) |
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494 | (1) |
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495 | (8) |
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23 Prospects for Constructing Remote Laboratories to Study Cognitive IoT Systems |
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503 | (1) |
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504 | (11) |
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505 | (1) |
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23.3 Cognitive Control System Model |
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505 | (3) |
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23.4 Prospects for Constructing Remote Laboratories |
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508 | (3) |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (3) |
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24 Project-Oriented Teaching Approach for IoT Education |
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515 | (20) |
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516 | (1) |
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24.2 Remotely Controlled Experiments |
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517 | (7) |
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24.2.1 Informational Systems on Reliability Tasks-lab (ISRT) |
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518 | (3) |
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24.2.2 Computer-Aided Learning Module (CALM) |
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521 | (1) |
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24.2.2.1 Aims and usage of the CALM |
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521 | (2) |
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24.2.2.2 Project-oriented approach |
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523 | (1) |
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24.3 IoT Projects for Education |
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524 | (3) |
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24.3.1 Smart-campus Project |
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524 | (2) |
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24.3.2 Re-engineering of Existing Engineering Software for a New Platform (COPTURN Project) |
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526 | (1) |
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24.4 The Embedded Factory as a Tool for Implementation |
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527 | (3) |
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530 | (1) |
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531 | (4) |
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25 Internet of Things for Industry and Human Applications: ALIOT-Based Vertically Integrated Education |
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535 | (26) |
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536 | (7) |
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536 | (1) |
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25.1.2 State of the Art and Publication Statistics |
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536 | (6) |
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25.1.3 Objectives and Approach |
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542 | (1) |
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25.2 The Aliot Project for Vertically Integrated Education |
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543 | (6) |
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25.2.1 Challenges and Rationale |
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543 | (2) |
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25.2.2 Innovative Character |
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545 | (1) |
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25.2.3 Project Activities and Methodology |
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546 | (1) |
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25.2.4 Expected Impact of the Project |
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547 | (2) |
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549 | (1) |
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25.3 Overview of the IoT Courses in Europe and the United States |
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549 | (4) |
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25.3.1 Overview of IoT Courses in ALIOT Project Partners |
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549 | (1) |
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25.3.2 Metrics-Based Approach of IoT Courses Analysis |
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550 | (3) |
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25.4 ALIOT Project Case Studies |
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553 | (5) |
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25.4.1 Control Unit for Mini Plotter |
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553 | (3) |
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25.4.2 Control Unit for the LED Ribbon with Pixel Addressing |
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556 | (2) |
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558 | (1) |
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559 | (2) |
Index |
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561 | (4) |
About the Editors |
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565 | |