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E-raamat: Design for CNC: Furniture Projects and Fabrication Technique

  • Formaat: 344 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Oct-2017
  • Kirjastus: Make Community, LLC
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781457187407
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  • Formaat: 344 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Oct-2017
  • Kirjastus: Make Community, LLC
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781457187407
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Design, DIY, and computer-controlled fabrication are a powerful combination for making high-quality customized things. Written by the founders of the architecture, design, and research firm Filson and Rohrbacher, this book takes you through the basics of CNC fabrication, the design process, production, and construction of your own furniture designs. Through their AtFAB series of projects, accompanied by an overview of digital techniques and design thinking, this book introduces the knowledge and skills that you'll find widely applicable across all kinds of CNC projects. Not only will you learn how to design, fabricate, and assemble a wide range of projects, you'll have some great furniture to show for it!

While 3D printing has been grabbing headlines, high school, college, library, and other public makerspaces have been making things with CNC machines. With a CNC router, you can cut parts from strong, tactile, durable materials like wood. Once you have your design and material, you can set up your job and let it run. When it's done, you can put the project together for an heirloom of your own. While 3D printing can make exciting things with complex designs, CNCs are the digital workhorses that produce large-scale, long-lasting objects.

Foreword xiii
Preface xvii
Part I. Designing For Fabrication 27(98)
1 A Modern Way Of Making
29(8)
The Geography of Distributed Making
29(1)
Why Do CNC Projects Look the Way They Do?
30(3)
A Very Brief History of CNC Furniture
33(1)
Join the Revolution
34(3)
2 End Mill To Furniture Collection
37(34)
Subtractive Machining
37(4)
End Mills
37(1)
Drilling
38(1)
Cutting Laterally
38(1)
The Inside Corner Problem
38(3)
Fillets
41(3)
Tool Diameter Matters
41(1)
Exercise: How to Draw Fillets
42(2)
Toolpaths
44(3)
Profile Toolpaths
44(1)
Outside Profile
45(1)
Inside Profile
45(1)
Pocket Toolpath
46(1)
Drill Toolpath
46(1)
Drawing Smooth Motion
47(1)
Eight Basic CNC Joint Conditions
47(6)
Flat Parts From Sheet Materials
48(1)
Overlap
49(1)
Edge to Edge
49(1)
Edge-to-Edge-to-Edge
50(1)
End-to-Face
50(1)
End to Face to Edge
51(1)
Through
51(1)
Three-Way
52(1)
Four-Way
52(1)
Assemblies
53(3)
S/Z Joint
53(1)
Tab Assembly
54(1)
Hanger Assembly
54(1)
Corner Assembly
55(1)
Foot Assembly
55(1)
Structures
56(2)
Shear
56(1)
Torsion
57(1)
Vierendeel
57(1)
Rotational
58(1)
Programs
58(1)
The 5-30 Minute Chair
59(3)
Iteration and Design Frameworks
61(1)
Evolution From the Chair to AtFAB
62(3)
Rotational Stools
62(1)
Cat in Bag ii Table
63(1)
90-Minute Lounge Chair
63(1)
One to Several Table
64(1)
Open Storage Cabinet
64(1)
Poke Credenza
65(1)
Cellular Screen
65(1)
AtFAB Furniture Collection
65(6)
3 3D Model To 2D Parts
71(16)
From Design to Fabrication
71(1)
Mise en Place
72(1)
Download Files
72(1)
Layers
73(1)
Add Layers
73(1)
Underlays
74(1)
Draw Sheet Material
74(1)
Flattening and Layout
74(2)
Face Right Side Up
74(1)
Consider Grain Direction
75(1)
Leave Space Between Parts
75(1)
Minimize Material Waste
76(1)
Flatten and Layout Parts
76(1)
Components
76(3)
Create Unique Components
78(1)
Profiles
79(1)
Make 3D Parts into 2D Profiles
79(1)
Cutting Layers
80(3)
Assign Profiles to Cutting Layers
80(3)
Export Options
83(4)
Save as SketchUp 2014
83(1)
Optional: Export a DXF File
84(3)
4 Getting Started With Design
87(38)
Define a Project Program
88(1)
Ergonomics
88(1)
Fabrication Constraints
88(1)
File Setup For Design
88(4)
Layer Naming Conventions
89(1)
Create File, Add Layers
90(1)
Draw the Cut Sheet Underlay
91(1)
Massing Model and Stock Material
92(2)
Create Massing
93(1)
Model Material Stock
93(1)
Standards Versus Proportions
94(1)
Refine Massing Dimensions
94(1)
Schematic Design: Model Parts
94(4)
Copy and Modify Stock, Form Seat
95(1)
Create Bench Sides
96(1)
Add Front and Back Parts
97(1)
Using Reference Lines
98(2)
Form Legs
99(1)
Modeling Feet
100(1)
Form Feet
100(1)
Evaluate and Analyze
101(1)
Scale
101(1)
Iteration
101(1)
Evaluate and Refine Structure
102(1)
Add a Center Beam
102(1)
Organize with Components
103(3)
Define Components
104(1)
Flatten Model, Layout Parts
105(1)
Design Development: Joinery
106(4)
Joinery Organization
106(1)
Draw Seat Reference Lines
107(1)
Draw Sides Reference Lines
108(2)
Make Joinery
110(7)
Create Seat Slots
110(2)
Make Joinery on Front
112(1)
Make Joinery on Sides
113(1)
Make Hanger Assembly
114(1)
Form Foot Assembly
115(2)
Analyze Bench Joinery
117(1)
Evaluate Joints
117(1)
Design Refinement
118(1)
Evaluate the Overall Design
118(1)
Sniglets and Fasteners
118(5)
Draw Sniglet and Hole Components
119(1)
Model Sniglets
120(2)
Model Holes
122(1)
Visualize and Simulate
123(2)
Part II. Virtual Meets Physical 125(96)
5 Precision-Fit Plywood Joinery
127(14)
Plywood
127(2)
Selecting Materials
128(1)
Nominal Thickness
129(2)
Calipers
130(1)
How to Digitally Dial In Joinery Fit
131(3)
Designed for 19mm Plywood
131(1)
Measure Your Materials
132(1)
Scale Your CAD File
133(1)
Scaling, Offsetting, and Parameters
134(2)
Why Scaling Works
134(1)
Why Offsets Don't Work
134(1)
The Parametric Solution
134(2)
Prototyping
136(5)
Partial Prototypes
136(1)
Test Pieces
136(1)
Scale Prototypes
137(4)
6 Machining For Designers
141(24)
Machining Begins with Material and Tooling
141(1)
Spindles and Speed
142(3)
Chip Formation
142(1)
What Is a Milling Machine?
143(1)
What Is a Router?
143(1)
High-Speed Spindles
143(2)
Machining Variables
145(1)
Relating Everything to Everything
145(1)
Where to Begin?
146(1)
CNC Router Anatomy
146(2)
Safety
147(1)
Workholding Strategies
148(2)
Screws and Clamps
148(1)
Vacuum Systems
148(2)
End-Mill Anatomy
150(1)
Collets
151(1)
End-Mill Geometries
152(2)
End Types
152(1)
Flute Types
153(1)
Feed Direction
154(1)
Conventional Cutting
154(1)
Climb Cutting
155(1)
Feed Direction Strategies
155(1)
Ramp Moves and Tabs
155(3)
Smooth Ramps
156(1)
Spiral Ramps
156(1)
Tabs
156(2)
Pockets
158(1)
Offset
158(1)
Raster
158(1)
Stepover
159(1)
Depth of Cut
159(1)
Putting It All Together
160(5)
Troubleshooting
160(5)
7 Modeling Software To Machine
165(34)
From CAD to CAM
165(2)
Digital/Physical Alignment
166(1)
Units
166(1)
VCarve Pro
167(3)
Download and Install
168(1)
Open VCarve and Create a New File
169(1)
Job Setup
170(3)
Job Type
170(1)
Job Size
171(1)
Z Zero Position
171(1)
XY Datum Position
171(1)
Design Scaling
172(1)
Modeling Resoluton
172(1)
Complete Setup
172(1)
Importing Vectors
173(2)
Import Stools SketchUp File
173(1)
Layout of Imported Data
173(1)
Create Circles/Arcs
174(1)
Component/Group Handling
174(1)
Data to Import
174(1)
Vector and Layer Adjustments
175(5)
Align Cut file to material stock
175(2)
Ungroup Vectors
177(2)
Join Open Vectors
179(1)
Creating Profile Toolpaths From Vectors
180(2)
Rotational Stools Toolpaths
181(1)
VCarve's Multi-Menu Interface
181(1)
Fastener Hole Toolpaths
182(7)
Select Profile Toolpath Operation
182(1)
Open the Tool Database
183(1)
Select 1/8" Tool
184(1)
Cutting Depths
185(1)
Edit Passes
185(1)
Machine Vectors
186(1)
Name and Calculate Toolpath
186(3)
Seat Inside Profile Toolpaths
189(3)
Select Profile Inside Vectors
189(1)
Create Seat Inside Profile Toolpaths
190(1)
Simulate Inside Profiles
191(1)
Outside Profile Toolpaths
192(1)
Turn On Layer, Select Vectors
192(1)
Select VC Tool
192(1)
Create Outside Profiles
192(1)
Simulate Outside Profiles
192(1)
Adding Ramps
193(2)
Add Smooth/Spiral Ramps
194(1)
Toolpath Order
195(1)
Define Cut Sequence
195(1)
Simulation and Analysis
195(2)
Visualize and Analyze
196(1)
Quality Control
196(1)
Save Toolpaths for Fabrication
197(1)
Toolpath Summary
197(1)
Save Toolpaths to File
197(2)
Ready to Fabricate?
197(2)
8 Rotational Stools
199(10)
About the Design
200(1)
Before You Begin
200(1)
Measure and Scale
200(1)
Cut and Evaluate Fit
201(1)
Evaluate the Lazy Stool
201(1)
Evaluate the Lively Stool
202(1)
Troubleshooting
202(2)
Measure
202(1)
Analyze
202(1)
Adjust
203(1)
Evaluate and Iterate
203(1)
Assemble
204(1)
Fasteners
204(5)
How to Drill
206(3)
9 Cat In Bag ii Table
209(12)
About the Design
210(1)
Before You Begin
210(1)
Finishes for CNC Projects
210(2)
Partial Prototyping: Using a Test Piece
212(4)
Measure and Scale
213(1)
Measure Material
213(1)
Scale Test Piece CAD file
213(1)
Assign CAM Settings
214(1)
Evaluate Your Test Piece
215(1)
Prototyping Finishes
215(1)
Record Settings and Adjustments
216(1)
Apply Test Piece Settings to the Full-Scale File
216(2)
Cut and Finish
217(1)
Assembly
218(3)
Part III. 2D & 3D Modifications 221(30)
10 5-30 Minute Chair
223(12)
About the Design
224(1)
Before You Begin
224(1)
Develop a Program
224(1)
Select Materials
224(1)
Design Decisions: 2D and 3D Modifications
225(5)
2D Design Transformations
225(1)
3D Design Transformations
226(1)
Working with Scale Prototypes
226(2)
Exercise: Transform the Chair into a Bench
228(2)
Measure and Scale
230(1)
Create the Partial Prototpye
230(2)
Prepare File
231(1)
Prepare Toolpaths
231(1)
Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate
231(1)
Adjust and Cut Chair
232(1)
Assemble
233(2)
11 90-Minute Lounge Chair
235(16)
About the Design
236(1)
Before You Begin
236(1)
Select Materials
236(1)
Design Decisions: 2D and 3D Modifications
237(2)
2D Modifications
237(1)
Exercise: 3D Transformations
238(1)
Measure & Scale
239(1)
Partial Prototpye
239(6)
Prepare Toolpaths
241(1)
About the Pockets
241(1)
Create Pocket Toolpaths
242(1)
Simulate
243(1)
Cut Sequence for Complex Parts
243(1)
Pocket Cutting: Top Down or Bottom Up?
244(1)
Assemble and Evaluate the Test Piece
245(1)
Evaluate Fit
245(1)
Evaluate Cut Depth
245(1)
Adjust and Cut Chair Files
246(2)
Assemble
248(5)
Using the Jig
248(3)
Part IV. Parametric Transformations 251(42)
12 Parametric Design
253(10)
What are Parameters?
253(1)
AtFAB's Parameters
254(4)
Tool Diameter
255(1)
Material Thickness
255(1)
Shape
256(1)
Module
256(1)
Dimensions
257(1)
Details
257(1)
Designing Parameters
258(1)
Parametric Case Study: the Cat in Bag ii Table
258(2)
Functions, Variables, and Limits
259(1)
Parametric Processing Applets
260(3)
Installing and Using the Apps
261(2)
13 One To Several Table
263(14)
About the Design
264(1)
Before You Begin
264(2)
Establish a Program and Dimensions
264(1)
Select Materials
264(2)
Parametric Transformation
266(1)
Parametric Design
266(1)
Using the One to Several Table App
267(3)
Set Overall Conditions
268(1)
Prepare CAD File
269(1)
Measure & Scale
270(1)
Create the Partial Prototpye
270(3)
Prepare File
271(1)
Prepare Toolpaths
271(1)
Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate
271(2)
Adjust and Cut Table
273(1)
Assemble Table
274(3)
14 Open Storage Cabinet
277(16)
About the Design
278(1)
Before You Begin
278(1)
Establish a Program and Dimensions
278(1)
Select Materials
278(1)
Measure Two Materials
279(1)
Find TCMAX
279(1)
Find TDMAX
279(1)
Parametric Transformation
280(2)
Using the Open Storage app
280(1)
Set Overall Conditions
281(1)
Prepare CAD File
282(1)
Layout Parts
283(1)
Prepare for CAM Import
283(1)
Calculate the Scaling Multiplier
283(1)
Scale Toolpaths
284(1)
Create a Partial Prototpye
284(4)
Prepare File
285(1)
Prepare Toolpaths
285(1)
Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate
286(2)
Adjust Cabinet Files and Prepare for Cutting
288(1)
Cut Pockets on the Correct Side
288(1)
Cut Cabinet
289(1)
Assemble
289(4)
Part V. Moving Parts And Large Structures 293(26)
15 Poke Credenza
295(12)
About the Design
296(1)
Before You Begin
296(2)
Materials
296(1)
Patterns and Modifications
296(1)
What to Draw?
297(1)
Measure and Scale
298(1)
Create the Partial Prototpye
298(4)
Prepare File
298(1)
Adjust Slots
298(1)
Prepare Toolpaths
299(1)
Prepare Toolpaths for Sliding Doors
300(1)
Cut Sequence
300(1)
Cut, Assemble, and Evaluate
301(1)
Adjust and Cut Credenza
302(3)
Cut on the Correct Side
302(3)
Assemble
305(2)
16 Cellular Screen
307(12)
About the Design
308(1)
Before You Begin a Large Project
308(2)
Materials
308(2)
Manage Parts
310(1)
Measure & Scale
310(1)
Scale CAD file & Test Piece
311(1)
Partial Prototyping Large Projects
311(1)
Create the Partial Prototpye
312(3)
Screen: Multi-Sheet Workflow
315(1)
Assign toolpaths to each sheet
315(1)
Cut Screen File and Stage Parts
315(1)
Assemble the Screen
316(3)
Part VI. Resources 319(11)
A Design Resources
321(2)
B Sourcing Materials
323(3)
C Machining Resources
326(1)
D Glossary
327(3)
Index 330
Gary Rohrbacher is an architect, professor, and partner in Filson and Rohrbacher, an architecture, design and research practice. He co-founded AtFAB in 2010 to produce designs for digital tools and networked manufacturing. Since then, nearly 10,000 AtFAB furniture pieces have been downloaded worldwide. AtFAB has been featured in The Economist, The Atlantic and Make:, and can be found in the permanent collection at Centre National Des Arts Plastiques in Paris