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E-raamat: Design of Low Power and Low Area Passive Sigma Delta Modulators for Audio Applications

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This book presents the study, design, modulation, optimization and implementation of low power, passive DT-S Ms for use in audio applications. The high gain and bandwidth amplifier normally used for integration in S? modulation, is replaced by passive, switched-capacitor branches working under the Ultra Incomplete Settling (UIS) condition, leading to a reduction of the consumed power. The authors describe a design process that uses high level models and an optimization process based in genetic algorithms to achieve the desired performance.

1 Introduction
1(4)
1.1 Motivation and Background
1(2)
1.2 Book Organization
3(2)
2 Sigma-Delta Modulation
5(12)
2.1 Introduction
5(2)
2.2 First Order Sigma-Delta Modulator
7(3)
2.3 Second Order Sigma-Delta Modulator
10(3)
2.4 Higher Order Sigma-Delta Modulator
13(4)
2.4.1 The MASH Structure
14(3)
3 Architecture and High Level Model
17(24)
3.1 Passive Integrator
17(3)
3.1.1 Ultra Incomplete Settling
17(2)
3.1.2 Discrete Time Transfer Function of the SC Integrator
19(1)
3.1.3 Thermal Noise Analysis
20(1)
3.2 Modulator Block Diagram
20(3)
3.2.1 Signal and Noise Transfer Functions
21(2)
3.3 Proposed Architecture
23(3)
3.4 High Level Model
26(3)
3.5 Optimization
29(8)
3.6 Reducing the Size of the Capacitors
37(4)
4 Electrical Circuits and Simulation Results
41(32)
4.1 Introduction
41(1)
4.2 Digital Circuitry
41(7)
4.2.1 Logic Gates
41(2)
4.2.2 Delay Circuits
43(2)
4.2.3 Phase Generator
45(1)
4.2.4 Flip-Flop
46(2)
4.3 Amplifiers
48(2)
4.3.1 Gain G2
48(2)
4.3.2 Gain Gmid
50(1)
4.4 Comparator
50(4)
4.5 Switching Circuitry
54(4)
4.5.1 Clock Bootstrapped Switch
56(2)
4.6 Feedback and Reference Voltages
58(2)
4.7 Monostable Circuit
60(4)
4.8 Simulation Results
64(9)
4.8.1 Second Order ΣΔ Modulator
64(3)
4.8.2 Third Order MASH ΣΔ Modulator
67(3)
4.8.3 Third Order MASH ΣΔM with Monostable Circuit
70(3)
5 Conclusions
73(1)
5.1 Final Remarks
73(4)
References
77
David Fouto is a researcher in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal. Nuno Paulino is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.