Foreword |
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vii | |
Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
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1 Fundamentals of Audio Amplification |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Principles of sound and audio amplifiers |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 A brief history of audio amplifiers |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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1.5 Loudspeaker transducers |
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7 | (4) |
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1.5.1 Electromagnetic speaker |
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7 | (2) |
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1.5.2 Piezoelectric speaker |
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9 | (2) |
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1.6 Performance metrics of audio amplifiers |
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11 | (12) |
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1.6.1 Total harmonic distortion plus noise |
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13 | (2) |
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1.6.2 Signal-to-noise ratio |
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15 | (1) |
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1.6.3 Power supply rejection ratio |
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16 | (2) |
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1.6.4 Power supply intermodulation distortion |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (4) |
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1.7 Audio amplifier classification |
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23 | (4) |
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2 Principles of Class-D Audio Amplifiers |
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27 | (34) |
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2.1 Class-D amplification |
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27 | (2) |
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2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of class-D amplifiers |
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29 | (1) |
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2.3 Class-D output stage power losses |
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30 | (3) |
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2.4 Open loop class-D amplifiers with pulse-width modulation |
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33 | (22) |
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2.5 Layout and printed circuit board recommendations |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (4) |
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2.6.1 Commercial class-D audio amplifiers typical specifications |
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59 | (2) |
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3 Closed Loop Architectures for Class-D Amplifiers |
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61 | (28) |
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3.1 Closed loop architectures |
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61 | (3) |
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3.2 Pulse-width modulation |
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64 | (8) |
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3.3 Sigma-delta modulation |
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72 | (6) |
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3.4 Self-oscillating modulation |
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78 | (9) |
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3.5 Comparison between modulation schemes |
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87 | (2) |
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4 Class-D Circuit Design Techniques |
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89 | (26) |
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4.1 System implementation |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (7) |
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4.3 Pulse-width modulator |
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97 | (3) |
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4.4 Class-D output stage design |
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100 | (7) |
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107 | (1) |
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4.6 Current and voltage sensor techniques |
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108 | (7) |
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5 Power-Supply Noise Rejection Enhancement for Class-D Amplifiers |
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115 | (30) |
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5.1 Power-supply noise in class-D amplifiers |
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115 | (2) |
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5.2 Power-supply noise modeling in class-D amplifiers |
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117 | (4) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.3 Feed-forward power-supply noise cancellation technique |
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121 | (8) |
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122 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Circuit implementation |
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125 | (4) |
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5.4 Design tradeoffs and methodology |
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129 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Implementation tradeoffs |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (2) |
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5.6 Experimental results with FFPSNC technique |
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135 | (8) |
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143 | (2) |
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6 Sliding-Mode Control for Class-D Amplifiers |
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145 | (32) |
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6.1 Motivation for non-linear controllers |
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145 | (1) |
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6.2 Class-D amplifier with sliding mode controller |
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146 | (21) |
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6.2.1 Controller design with linearity enhancement |
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149 | (4) |
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6.2.2 Architecture of class-D amplifiers with SMC |
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153 | (5) |
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6.2.3 Switching frequency with SMC |
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158 | (5) |
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6.2.4 Design of building blocks |
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163 | (2) |
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6.2.5 Experimental results of CDA with SMC |
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165 | (2) |
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6.3 Integral sliding-mode control for class-D amplifiers |
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167 | (8) |
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6.3.1 Class-D architecture with ISMC |
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168 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Integral sliding mode controller |
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170 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Experimental results of CDA with ISMC |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (2) |
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7 Class-D Output Stage for Piezoelectric Speakers |
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177 | (24) |
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7.1 Motivation for piezoelectric speakers |
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177 | (2) |
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7.2 Class-D amplifier efficiency for piezoelectric speakers |
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179 | (1) |
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7.3 Class-D architecture for piezoelectric speakers |
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180 | (6) |
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7.4 Stacked-cascode H-bridge output stage |
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186 | (8) |
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7.5 Experimental results for PZ speakers |
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194 | (6) |
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7.6 Remarks on piezoelectric speakers |
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200 | (1) |
Appendix A Harmonic Distortion in Open-Loop Class-D Amplifiers |
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201 | (10) |
Appendix B Fundamentals of Sliding Mode Control |
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211 | (12) |
Appendix C Switching Frequency of Class-D Amplifiers with Sliding Mode Control |
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223 | (6) |
Bibliography |
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229 | (10) |
Index |
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239 | |