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E-raamat: Design Techniques For Integrated Cmos Class-d Audio Amplifiers

(Texas A&m Univ, Usa), (Texas A&m Univ, Usa), (Texas A&m Univ, Usa)
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This invaluable textbook covers the theory and circuit design techniques to implement CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) class-D audio amplifiers integrated circuits. The first part of the book introduces the motivation and fundamentals of audio amplification. The loudspeaker's operation and main audio performance metrics explains the limitations in the amplification process. The second part of this book presents the operating principle and design procedure of the class-D amplifier main architectures to provide the performance tradeoffs. The circuit design procedures involved in each block of the class-D amplifier architecture are highlighted. The third part of this book discusses several important design examples introducing state-of-the-art architectures and circuit design techniques to improve the audio performance, power consumption, and efficiency of standard class-D audio amplifiers.
Foreword vii
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
1 Fundamentals of Audio Amplification
1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Principles of sound and audio amplifiers
2(2)
1.3 A brief history of audio amplifiers
4(1)
1.4 Sound pressure level
5(2)
1.5 Loudspeaker transducers
7(4)
1.5.1 Electromagnetic speaker
7(2)
1.5.2 Piezoelectric speaker
9(2)
1.6 Performance metrics of audio amplifiers
11(12)
1.6.1 Total harmonic distortion plus noise
13(2)
1.6.2 Signal-to-noise ratio
15(1)
1.6.3 Power supply rejection ratio
16(2)
1.6.4 Power supply intermodulation distortion
18(1)
1.6.5 Power efficiency
19(4)
1.7 Audio amplifier classification
23(4)
2 Principles of Class-D Audio Amplifiers
27(34)
2.1 Class-D amplification
27(2)
2.2 Advantages and disadvantages of class-D amplifiers
29(1)
2.3 Class-D output stage power losses
30(3)
2.4 Open loop class-D amplifiers with pulse-width modulation
33(22)
2.5 Layout and printed circuit board recommendations
55(2)
2.6 Typical applications
57(4)
2.6.1 Commercial class-D audio amplifiers typical specifications
59(2)
3 Closed Loop Architectures for Class-D Amplifiers
61(28)
3.1 Closed loop architectures
61(3)
3.2 Pulse-width modulation
64(8)
3.3 Sigma-delta modulation
72(6)
3.4 Self-oscillating modulation
78(9)
3.5 Comparison between modulation schemes
87(2)
4 Class-D Circuit Design Techniques
89(26)
4.1 System implementation
89(1)
4.2 Compensator design
90(7)
4.3 Pulse-width modulator
97(3)
4.4 Class-D output stage design
100(7)
4.5 Output filter
107(1)
4.6 Current and voltage sensor techniques
108(7)
5 Power-Supply Noise Rejection Enhancement for Class-D Amplifiers
115(30)
5.1 Power-supply noise in class-D amplifiers
115(2)
5.2 Power-supply noise modeling in class-D amplifiers
117(4)
5.2.1 Single-ended load
118(1)
5.2.2 Bridge-tied load
119(2)
5.3 Feed-forward power-supply noise cancellation technique
121(8)
5.3.1 System analysis
122(3)
5.3.2 Circuit implementation
125(4)
5.4 Design tradeoffs and methodology
129(4)
5.4.1 Implementation tradeoffs
130(1)
5.4.2 Design procedure
131(2)
5.5 Simulation results
133(2)
5.6 Experimental results with FFPSNC technique
135(8)
5.7 Final remarks
143(2)
6 Sliding-Mode Control for Class-D Amplifiers
145(32)
6.1 Motivation for non-linear controllers
145(1)
6.2 Class-D amplifier with sliding mode controller
146(21)
6.2.1 Controller design with linearity enhancement
149(4)
6.2.2 Architecture of class-D amplifiers with SMC
153(5)
6.2.3 Switching frequency with SMC
158(5)
6.2.4 Design of building blocks
163(2)
6.2.5 Experimental results of CDA with SMC
165(2)
6.3 Integral sliding-mode control for class-D amplifiers
167(8)
6.3.1 Class-D architecture with ISMC
168(2)
6.3.2 Integral sliding mode controller
170(2)
6.3.3 Experimental results of CDA with ISMC
172(3)
6.4 Final remarks
175(2)
7 Class-D Output Stage for Piezoelectric Speakers
177(24)
7.1 Motivation for piezoelectric speakers
177(2)
7.2 Class-D amplifier efficiency for piezoelectric speakers
179(1)
7.3 Class-D architecture for piezoelectric speakers
180(6)
7.4 Stacked-cascode H-bridge output stage
186(8)
7.5 Experimental results for PZ speakers
194(6)
7.6 Remarks on piezoelectric speakers
200(1)
Appendix A Harmonic Distortion in Open-Loop Class-D Amplifiers 201(10)
Appendix B Fundamentals of Sliding Mode Control 211(12)
Appendix C Switching Frequency of Class-D Amplifiers with Sliding Mode Control 223(6)
Bibliography 229(10)
Index 239