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E-raamat: Designing Green Networks and Network Operations: Saving Run-the-Engine Costs

(SES Engineering, Princeton, New Jersey, USA)
  • Formaat: 455 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Apr-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040172995
  • Formaat - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formaat: 455 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 25-Apr-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040172995

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In recent years, socio-political trends toward environmental responsibility and the pressing need to reduce Run-the-Engine (RTE) costs have resulted in the concept of Green IT. Although a significant amount of energy is used to operate routing, switching, and transmission equipment, comparatively less attention has been paid to Green Networking. A clear and concise introduction to green networks and green network operations, Designing Green Networks and Network Operations: Saving Run-the-Engine Costs guides you through the techniques available to achieve efficiency goals for corporate and carrier networks, including deploying more efficient hardware, blade form-factor routers and switches, and pursuing consolidation, virtualization, and network and cloud computing.

The book:











Delineates techniques to minimize network power, cooling, floor space, and online storage while optimizing service performance, capacity, and availability Discusses virtualization, network computing, and Web services as approaches for green data centers and networks Emphasizes best practices and compliance with international standards for green operations Extends the green data center techniques to the networking environment Incorporates green principles in the intranet, extranet, and the entire IT infrastructures Reviews networking, power management, HVAC and CRAC basics Presents methodical steps toward a seamless migration to Green IT and Green Networking

Arvustused

"This overview should appeal to operational personnel who want to estimate cost and investment impacts or consider systems engineering options affecting the latter. the book is a time saver, and it may help contributors to greener designs see their specific work in a broader context." Computing Reviews, June 2012

Preface ix
About the Author xi
1 Introduction and Overview
1(56)
1.1 Introduction
1(12)
1.2 Overview
13(20)
1.3 Text Scope
33(24)
Appendix 1A Green IT Bibliography
39(1)
Appendix 1B Partial List of Resources
40(8)
Appendix 1C Examples of How Networking Has Already Had a Major Greening Impact
48(1)
Appendix 1D Taxonomy of General Greening Initiatives
49(3)
References
52(5)
2 A Networking Primer
57(44)
2.1 Networking Functions
58(26)
2.1.1 Information Transfer and Regeneration Function
61(5)
2.1.2 Multiplexing Function
66(3)
2.1.3 Grooming Function
69(4)
2.1.4 Switching Function
73(2)
2.1.5 Routing Function
75(9)
2.2 Networking Equipment
84(13)
2.2.1 Regeneration Equipment
85(1)
2.2.2 Grooming Equipment
85(1)
2.2.3 Multiplexing Equipment
85(1)
2.2.4 Switching Equipment
86(6)
2.2.5 Routing Equipment
92(5)
2.3 Conclusion
97(4)
References
98(3)
3 Concepts and Analytical Measures for Green Operations
101(60)
3.1 Electric Energy and Applicable Metrics
103(7)
3.2 Air Conditioning
110(5)
3.3 IT Assets
115(1)
3.4 Discrete Metrics
116(3)
3.5 Aggregate Metrics
119(27)
3.5.1 Power Usage Efficiency (PUE)
119(6)
3.5.2 Energy Consumption Rating (ECR)
125(10)
3.5.3 Telecommunications Energy Efficiency Ratio (TEER)
135(1)
3.5.4 Telecommunications Equipment Energy Efficiency Rating (TEEER)
135(6)
External Power Adapters
141(1)
Set-Top Boxes
141(1)
Example: High-Definition, Cable Set-Top Box with DVR
142(2)
3.5.5 Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)
144(1)
3.5.6 Standardization Efforts
145(1)
3.6 Metrics on Carbon Footprints
146(2)
3.7 Other Metrics
148(13)
Appendix 3A Common Information Systems Assets
148(7)
Appendix 3B Conversion of Units
155(1)
Appendix 3C Example Carbon Footprint Calculations
156(1)
Electricity Use (kilowatt-hours)
156(1)
Coal-Fired Power Plant for A Year
156(1)
Gallons of Gasoline Consumed
157(1)
Passenger Vehicles per Year
157(1)
Therms of Natural Gas
157(1)
Barrels of Oil Consumed
158(1)
Home Electricity Use
158(1)
Home Energy Use
158(1)
Propane Cylinders Used for Home Barbeques
159(1)
One Google Search
159(1)
References
159(2)
4 Power Management Basics
161(24)
4.1 Current Types
162(1)
4.2 Power Measurements
163(7)
4.2.1 Single-Phase Loads: Smaller AC Operations/Nodes
167(1)
4.2.2 Balanced Three-Phase Loads
168(1)
4.2.3 Expressing Loads in Kilowatts (kW)
169(1)
4.2.4 Example
170(1)
4.3 Backup Power Systems
170(15)
Appendix 4A Three-Phase Power
177(2)
Three-Phase Y Configurations
179(1)
Three-Phase A Configurations
180(2)
References
182(3)
5 HVAC and CRAC Basics
185(26)
5.1 General Overview of an Air-Conditioning System
185(19)
5.1.1 DX Unitary Systems: HVAC Systems
192(1)
5.1.2 Chilled-Water Applied Systems: HVAC Systems
193(7)
5.1.3 Psychrometry
200(2)
5.1.4 Chiller Issues
202(2)
5.2 General Overview of a Computer Room Air-Conditioning System
204(7)
References
209(2)
6 Regulatory and Best Practices Background
211(46)
6.1 Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (ATIS)
211(3)
6.2 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
214(4)
6.3 Energy Consumption Rating Initiative (ECR)
218(3)
6.4 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
221(8)
6.4.1 Overview
221(1)
6.4.2 Initiatives
222(1)
6.4.2.1 Energy Conservation
222(2)
6.4.2.2 Green Buildings
224(1)
6.4.2.3 Green House Gases
225(1)
6.4.2.4 Green Information Technology
225(4)
6.5 European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC)
229(2)
6.6 European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association (ETNO)
231(3)
6.7 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
234(2)
6.8 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
236(1)
6.9 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
237(4)
6.10 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
241(2)
6.11 The Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of Japan and Other Initiatives
243(2)
6.12 Network Equipment Building System (NEBS)
245(2)
6.13 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
247(3)
6.14 Others (Short List)
250(7)
References
254(3)
7 Approaches for Green Networks and Data Centers: Environmentals
257(52)
7.1 Data Center Strategies
260(27)
7.1.1 Data Center Cooling Strategies
262(1)
7.1.1.1 Data Center Best Practices
263(4)
7.1.2 Improved Power Distribution
267(5)
7.1.3 Overall Best Practices
272(6)
7.1.4 Case Study Examples
278(1)
7.1.4.1 Case Study 1: Lucasfilm
278(1)
7.1.4.2 Case Study 2: Sybase
279(2)
7.1.4.3 Case Study 3: Verizon
281(2)
7.1.5 Blade Technology Issues
283(2)
7.1.6 Other IT Greening Techniques
285(1)
7.1.6.1 Data Center Power Management Systems
285(1)
7.1.6.2 Collocated Facilities for Data Centers
286(1)
7.1.6.3 Outside Air Cooling
286(1)
7.1.6.4 Geometric Symmetry/Asymmetry
286(1)
7.1.6.5 Cold Computing
287(1)
7.2 Network Strategies
287(15)
7.2.1 Retire and Replace Obsolescent Equipment
288(1)
7.2.2 Wireless Networks
289(1)
7.2.3 Redundancy
289(1)
7.2.4 Access Networks
290(4)
7.2.5 Satellite Operators
294(2)
7.2.6 Short List of Other Possible Initiatives
296(6)
7.3 Enterprise Equipment
302(1)
7.4 Home Networking and Communications Equipment
303(6)
References
306(3)
8 Approaches for Green Networks and Data Centers: Visualization, Web Services, Cloud/Network Computing, Hosting, and Packetization
309(62)
8.1 Press-Time Snapshot of Cloud/Grid/Network Computing
312(16)
8.2 Cloud/Grid/Network Computing Technology
328(18)
8.3 Potential Applications and Financial Benefits of Cloud/Grid Computing
346(2)
8.4 Cloud/Grid Types, Topologies, and Components
348(5)
8.5 Comparison with Other Approaches
353(2)
8.6 Enterprise-Level Virtualization
355(6)
8.7 Service-Oriented Network (SON) Concepts
361(6)
8.8 Conclusion
367(4)
References
367(4)
Glossary 371(42)
References 413(2)
Index 415
Director, Terrestrial Systems Engineering, SES Engineering