The book describes in twelve chapters the modern tools available for the detection and prevention of leaks from dams and reservoirs, including water chemistry, isotope analyses, artificial tracers, permeability tests, geophysical methods and techniques for the localization of water flows both inside the reservoir and boreholes. Numerous case studies are presented corresponding to studies of more than thirty dams performed by researchers in eighteen different countries.
Arvustused
"A valuable contribution to seepage studies". Journal of Hydraulic Engineering , ASCE, December 2003.
PREFACE 1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.1 Introduction: Understanding leakage
and seepage in relation to dam safety 1.2 Leakage and seepage 1.3 Mechanisms
of failure 1.4 Nature and objectives of the studies on dam leakage 1.5 Risk
analysis 1.6 Typical features of geological formations 1.7 Available
techniques 2 WATER BALANCE, LEAKAGE LAWAND PIEZOMETRY 2.1 Water balance of a
reservoir 2.2 Effects related to the water level at the reservoir 2.3
Piezometric studies 3 PERMEABILITY TESTS IN BOREHOLES 3.1 Generalities 3.2
Gilg-Gavard tests 3.3 Lugeon test 3.4 Lefranc test 3.5 Method based upon the
induction of a vertical ascending flow through pumping 3.6 Test for the
determination of the effective porosity 3.7 Estimation of the
transmissibility from the level recovery after pumping 4 GEOPHYSICAL
TECHNIQUES 4.1 Generalities 4.2 Surface prospecting geological methods 4.3
Geophysical well-logging 5 NATURAL TRACERS OFWATER: (A) TEMPERATURE,
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Water
temperature 5.3 Electrical conductivity 5.4 Chemical composition of water 6
NATURAL TRACERS OFWATER: (B) STABLE ISOTOPES, TRITIUM AND CARBON ISOTOPES 6.1
Basic concepts 6.2 Stable isotopes of water 6.3 Tritium 6.4 Carbon-13 6.5
Carbon-14 7 ARTIFICIAL TRACERS 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Suspended solids 7.3
Ionic tracers 7.4 Gaseous fluoro-compounds 7.5 Fluorescent tracers 7.6
Artificial radioactive tracers 8 LOCALISATION AND MEASUREMENT OF FLOWS IN
BOREHOLES 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Appropriate tracers 8.3 Filtration velocity
8.4 Point dilution technique for the measurement of horizontal groundwater
flow 8.5 Method based on the labelling of the entire water column 8.6
Measurement of vertical flows 9 INTERCONNECTION EXPERIMENTS 9.1 Introduction
9.2 Theoretical considerations 9.2.4 The longitudinal dispersion coefficient
242 9.3 Guidelines for conducting interconnection experiments 9.4 Case
studies 10 TESTS INSIDE THE RESERVOIR 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Use of float
drogues 10.3 Tracing of the reservoir water 10.4 Free migration of the tracer
cloud 10.5 Method of filter tubes 10.6 Labelling of the infiltration zone
(adsorbed tracer) 10.7 Direct measurement of infiltration 11 GENERAL STRATEGY
OF STUDIES 11.2 Preconstruction studies 11.3 Studies during the first filling
of a reservoir 11.4 Leakage investigation after its appearance 11.5 Relation
of reservoir with local aquifers 12 CASE STUDIES 12.1 Introduction 12.2
Arquillo de San Blas dam, Spain 12.3 Lake Managua, Nicaragua 12.4 Sabaneta
reservoir, Dominican Republic 12.5 Lake Laja, Chile 12.6 The Colbún
reservoir, Chile.
Antonio Plata Bedmar, Head, Isotope Hydrology Section, CEDEX, CETA, Madrid, Spain and Former Technical Officer at the IAEA, Vienna, Austria. Luis Araguas, Consultant, Isotope Hydrology Section, CEDEX, CETA, Madrid, Spain and Former Technical Officer at the IAEA, Vienna, Austria.
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta