| Contributors |
|
xvii | |
|
Chapter 1 Nanoadsorbents for scavenging emerging contaminants from wastewater |
|
|
1 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
1.2 Emerging contaminants |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.3 Occurrence of emerging contaminants in aquatic systems |
|
|
3 | (4) |
|
1.4 Exposure pathways of emerging contaminants in the environment |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
1.5 Treatment technologies for removal of ECs |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
1.6 Conventional treatment methods |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.9 Classification of nanoadsorbents |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
1.10 Methods for preparation of nanoadsorbents |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
1.11 Properties of nanoadsorbents |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
1.12 Mechanisms of nanoadsorption |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
1.13 The rc-n interaction |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
1.14 Electrostatic interaction |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
1.15 Hydrophobic interaction |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
1.17 Factors affecting adsorption process |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (7) |
|
|
|
16 | (7) |
|
Chapter 2 Treatment aspect of an emerging pollutant from Pharmaceutical industries using advanced oxidation process: past, current, and future trends |
|
|
23 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23 | (2) |
|
2.2 Treatment technologies |
|
|
25 | (4) |
|
2.3 Advanced oxidation process |
|
|
29 | (11) |
|
|
|
40 | (5) |
|
|
|
41 | (4) |
|
Chapter 3 Membrane bioreactor (MBR) as an advanced wastewater treatment technology for removal of synthetic microplastics |
|
|
45 | (16) |
|
|
|
Rojalin Priyadarshini Singh |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45 | (2) |
|
3.2 Microplastic generation and pollution |
|
|
47 | (2) |
|
3.3 Effect of Synthetic microplastic pollution |
|
|
49 | (3) |
|
3.4 Technical implementation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) for elimination micro plastic pollutants |
|
|
52 | (9) |
|
|
|
54 | (7) |
|
Chapter 4 Strategies to cope with the emerging waste water contaminants through adsorption regimes |
|
|
61 | (46) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
61 | (2) |
|
4.2 Uptake of pollutants from water via adsorption |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
4.3 Adsorbents and there use in purification of waters |
|
|
63 | (2) |
|
4.4 Various emerging pollutants and their effects |
|
|
65 | (4) |
|
4.5 Adsorption strategies for removal of emerging pollutants from waste waters |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
4.6 Adsorption of pollutants using hydrothermal carbonization: an environment safe procedure using carbon adsorbents |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
4.7 Use of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) in adsorption |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
4.8 Metals and metal ions adsorption by HTCs |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
4.9 Adsorption of metal(s) from mixture of metals |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
4.10 Use of cost-effective adsorbent for adsorption of heavy metals |
|
|
74 | (4) |
|
4.11 Use of cost-effective adsorbent for adsorption of heavy metals |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
4.12 Uptake of metals using low-cost adsorbent materials |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
4.13 Use of agricultural residues as adsorbents |
|
|
78 | (6) |
|
4.14 Uses of industrial wastes as adsorbents |
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
4.15 Adsorption/biosorption of antibiotics from waste water |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
4.16 Elimination of heavy metals via adsorption/biosorption |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
4.17 Heavy metals uptake using activated sludge and sludge-derived materials |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
4.18 Uptake of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (2) |
|
|
|
93 | (14) |
|
|
|
94 | (13) |
|
Chapter 5 Performances of membrane bioreactor technology for treating domestic wastewater operated at different sludge retention time |
|
|
107 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
5.2 Materials and methods |
|
|
111 | (2) |
|
5.3 Results and discussion |
|
|
113 | (2) |
|
5.4 Influence of SRT on sludge particle size distribution |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
|
|
118 | (5) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
Chapter 6 Advances in nanotechnologies of waste water treatment: strategies and emerging opportunities |
|
|
123 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
6.2 Metallic nanoparticles |
|
|
124 | (2) |
|
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
|
|
131 | (1) |
|
|
|
132 | (7) |
|
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
|
133 | (6) |
|
Chapter 7 Water and wastewater treatment through ozone-based technologies |
|
|
139 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
7.2 Global water scenario |
|
|
141 | (3) |
|
7.3 Strategies for solving the water shortage issues |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
7.4 Why ozone-based technologies used for water and wastewater treatment? |
|
|
144 | (4) |
|
7.5 Worldwide status, history, and background of 03 based technology for drinking water and wastewater treatment |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
7.6 Use of ozone-based technology for disinfection |
|
|
150 | (5) |
|
7.7 Treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater through ozone-based technology |
|
|
155 | (4) |
|
7.8 Removal of physical pollutants (odor and taste) through ozone-based technologies |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
7.9 Removal of various chemical pollutants (COD, BOD and coloring agents) from wastewater through ozone-based technologies |
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
7.10 Factors affecting the ozonation process |
|
|
162 | (5) |
|
7.11 Conclusion and Future prospects |
|
|
167 | (6) |
|
|
|
167 | (6) |
|
Chapter 8 Constructed wetland: a promising technology for the treatment of hazardous textile dyes and effluent |
|
|
173 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
173 | (2) |
|
8.2 Classification of dyes |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
8.3 Impact of dye toxicity on environment |
|
|
175 | (5) |
|
8.4 Impact of dye toxicity on living beings |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
8.5 Dye remediation strategies |
|
|
181 | (2) |
|
8.6 Constructed wetlands: a step towards technology transfer |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
8.7 Classification of constructed wetlands |
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
8.8 Recent developments in textile wastewater treatments using constructed wetlands |
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
8.9 Conclusion and future prospective |
|
|
189 | (10) |
|
|
|
191 | (8) |
|
Chapter 9 Biogenic nanomaterials: synthesis, characteristics, and recent trends in combating hazardous pollutants (an arising scientific horizon) |
|
|
199 | (48) |
|
|
|
|
|
199 | (4) |
|
9.2 History of nanotechnology and conventional synthetic routes of nanomaterials |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
9.3 Nanobiotechnology: an arising scientific horizon |
|
|
205 | (28) |
|
9.4 Advantages, limitations, drawbacks, and future perspectives of nanobiotechnology |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
|
234 | (13) |
|
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
|
|
237 | (10) |
|
Chapter 10 Removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical wastewater through application of bionanotechnology |
|
|
247 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
10.2 Overview of contaminants in pharmaceutical wastewater |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
10.3 Applications of nanomaterials for the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants |
|
|
250 | (7) |
|
|
|
257 | (8) |
|
|
|
258 | (7) |
|
Chapter 11 Recent advances in pesticides removal using agroindustry based biochar |
|
|
265 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
265 | (2) |
|
|
|
267 | (1) |
|
11.3 Characteristics of biochar |
|
|
267 | (2) |
|
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
11.5 Hazards of pesticides to environment and health |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
11.6 Recent development in pesticides sorption on biochar |
|
|
270 | (13) |
|
11.7 Conclusion and future perspective |
|
|
283 | (8) |
|
|
|
284 | (7) |
|
Chapter 12 Removal of emerging contaminants through bionanotechnology-Elsevier |
|
|
291 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
12.2 Characteristics of municipal wastewater |
|
|
292 | (4) |
|
12.3 Wastewater treatment |
|
|
296 | (3) |
|
12.4 Post-treatment options |
|
|
299 | (6) |
|
12.5 Comparison of various biological treatment processes |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
12.6 Sand filter for the Post treatment |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
|
307 | (4) |
|
|
|
307 | (4) |
|
Chapter 13 Detection and removal of pathogenic bacteria from wastewater using various nanoparticles |
|
|
311 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.1 Presence of different contaminants in wastewater |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
13.2 Pathogenic bacterial component in wastewater |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
13.3 Detection of pathogenic bacteria using different nanoparticles |
|
|
315 | (3) |
|
|
|
318 | (5) |
|
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (5) |
|
Chapter 14 Application of Ti02 photocatalysts hybridized with carbonaceous for degradation of pharmaceuticals |
|
|
323 | (26) |
|
Victor Ruan Silva Nascimento |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Luiz Fernando Romanholo Ferreira |
|
|
|
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
14.3 Advanced oxidative processes (AOP) |
|
|
325 | (4) |
|
14.4 Carbonaceous TiO2 doping |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (4) |
|
14.6 Carbon Nanotubes-TiO2 |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
14.7 Activated carbono-TiO2 |
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
14.8 Concluding remarks and future challenges |
|
|
338 | (11) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (10) |
|
Chapter 15 Moving bed biofilm reactor- (MBBR-) based advanced wastewater treatment technology for the removal of emerging contaminants |
|
|
349 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
15.2 Overview of the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
15.3 Operating benchmarks of the MBBR |
|
|
352 | (5) |
|
15.4 Effect of operating parameters |
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
15.5 Mathematical models used in kinetics evaluation oftheMBBRs |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
15.6 Recent applications of MBBRs in the wastewater treatment |
|
|
362 | (2) |
|
|
|
364 | (7) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
365 | (4) |
|
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 An application of bionanotechnology in removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical waste |
|
|
371 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
16.2 Methods for treatment of pharmaceutical waste water |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
16.3 Different nanomaterials and treatment of pharmaceutical waste water |
|
|
373 | (7) |
|
|
|
380 | (5) |
|
|
|
381 | (4) |
|
Chapter 17 Removal of emerging contaminants in water Treatment by an application of nanofiltration and reverse psmosis |
|
|
385 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
385 | (3) |
|
17.2 Factors affecting performance of nanofiltration |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
17.3 Nanofiltration with modifications and applications |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
17.4 Advantages and limitations of nanofiltration |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
17.5 Factors affecting reverse osmosis |
|
|
392 | (3) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
17.7 Advantages and limitations of reverse osmosis |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
|
396 | (5) |
|
|
|
397 | (4) |
|
Chapter 18 Membrane bioreactor as an advanced wastewater treatment technology |
|
|
401 | (34) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
18.2 Membrane classification |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
18.3 Types of membrane bioreactor arrangements |
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
18.4 Role of membrane bioreactors |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
18.5 Classification of membrane fouling |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
18.6 Membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
18.7 Factors affecting membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor |
|
|
409 | (3) |
|
18.8 Membrane fouling control |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
18.9 Membrane bioreactor model description and assessment |
|
|
414 | (7) |
|
18.10 Membrane fouling models |
|
|
421 | (3) |
|
18.11 Advantages and drawbacks oHnembrane bioreactor technology |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
18.12 Summary and conclusion |
|
|
424 | (11) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Ethics approval and consent to participate |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (4) |
|
|
|
429 | (6) |
|
Chapter 19 Removal of pesticides from water and wastewater by solar-driven photocatalysis |
|
|
435 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
19.2 Photocatalysts and photocatalysis |
|
|
436 | (6) |
|
19.3 Pesticides and toxicities |
|
|
442 | (4) |
|
19.4 Wastewater treatment |
|
|
446 | (8) |
|
|
|
454 | (5) |
|
|
|
454 | (5) |
|
Chapter 20 Recent applications, reaction mechanism, and future perspective of hybrid ozonation process for water and wastewater treatment |
|
|
459 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
20.2 Combined ozonation for enhanced treatment of water |
|
|
461 | (6) |
|
|
|
467 | (7) |
|
20.4 Application of ozonation process for the degradation of toxic organic pollutants |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
20.5 Shortcomings of hybrid ozonation processes |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
20.6 Benefits of hybrid ozonation processes |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
20.7 Conclusions and future perspective |
|
|
476 | (9) |
|
|
|
477 | (8) |
|
Chapter 21 Removal of emerging contaminants from pharmaceutical waste through application of bio nanotechnology |
|
|
485 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
21.2 Challenges in current wastewater treatment technologies |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
21.3 Enzyme immobilized nanomaterials for removal of emerging contaminants |
|
|
487 | (3) |
|
21.4 Biogenic nanoparticles for removal of emerging contaminants |
|
|
490 | (5) |
|
21.5 Other technologies for removal of emerging contaminants |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
21.7 Conclusions and future prospects |
|
|
497 | (4) |
|
|
|
497 | (4) |
|
Chapter 22 Antimicrobial activities of different nanoparticles concerning to wastewater treatment |
|
|
501 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.1 Silver nanoparticles |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
22.3 Zinc oxide nanoparticle |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
22.5 Iron oxide nanoparticles |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
22.6 Magnesium oxide nanomaterials |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
22.7 Titanium dioxide nanoparticles |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
22.9 Nanomaterials enabled with antimicrobial peptides |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (7) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
510 | (5) |
|
Chapter 23 Application of nanomaterial in wastewater treatment: recent advances and future perspective |
|
|
515 | (28) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
515 | (6) |
|
|
|
521 | (4) |
|
|
|
525 | (5) |
|
|
|
530 | (4) |
|
|
|
534 | (3) |
|
|
|
537 | (6) |
|
|
|
537 | (6) |
|
Chapter 24 Photocatalytic removal of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater treatments: a review |
|
|
543 | (30) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
24.2 Photocatalysis mechanisms |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
24.3 Impact of operating and process parameters |
|
|
546 | (6) |
|
24.4 Common photocatalysts |
|
|
552 | (6) |
|
24.5 Strategies for improving photocatalysis |
|
|
558 | (5) |
|
24.6 Wastewater treatment applications |
|
|
563 | (3) |
|
24.7 Conclusions and future challenges |
|
|
566 | (7) |
|
|
|
567 | (6) |
|
Chapter 25 Biologically synthesized nanoparticles for dye removal |
|
|
573 | (32) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
25.2 Bacteriogenic nanoparticles |
|
|
574 | (7) |
|
25.3 Mycogenic nanoparticles |
|
|
581 | (5) |
|
25.4 Phycogenic nanoparticles |
|
|
586 | (4) |
|
25.5 Phytogenic nanoparticles |
|
|
590 | (8) |
|
25.6 Conclusions and future perspectives |
|
|
598 | (7) |
|
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
|
|
599 | (6) |
|
Chapter 26 Removal of emerging contaminants in water treatment by nanofiltration and reverse osmosis |
|
|
605 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
26.2 Emerging contaminants in water |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
26.3 Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration |
|
|
608 | (3) |
|
26.4 Solute denial mechanism by the nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membrane |
|
|
611 | (5) |
|
|
|
616 | (7) |
|
26.6 Applications of nanofiltration membranes (Zhao et al., 2005) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
26.7 Advantages and disadvantages |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
26.8 Future perspectives of nanofiltration |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (5) |
|
|
|
625 | (4) |
|
Chapter 27 Hybrid bioreactor in combination with ozone-based technologies for industrial wastewater treatment |
|
|
629 | (22) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
27.2 Characteristics of industrial wastewater |
|
|
630 | (4) |
|
27.3 Selection of an optimal treatment strategy |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
27.4 Hybrid bioreactor combined with ozone-based technology |
|
|
635 | (9) |
|
27.5 Benefits of hybrid processes in combination with ozonation |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
27.6 Limitations of hybrid processes with ozone-based technology |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
|
645 | (6) |
|
|
|
645 | (6) |
|
Chapter 28 Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in aiding water purification from emerging and ionic contaminants |
|
|
651 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
651 | (2) |
|
28.2 Different synthesis methods for preparation of metal organic frameworks |
|
|
653 | (3) |
|
28.3 Applications of metal organic frameworks for water treatment |
|
|
656 | (5) |
|
28.4 Limitations of using metal organic frameworks and alternative strategy |
|
|
661 | (2) |
|
|
|
663 | (6) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (5) |
|
Chapter 29 Removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater through bionanotechnology |
|
|
669 | (20) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
29.2 Definition of emerging contaminants |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
29.3 Sources of emerging contaminants |
|
|
670 | (3) |
|
29.4 Environmental/health issues and regulations related to emerging contaminants |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
29.5 Conventional treatment technologies |
|
|
674 | (2) |
|
29.6 Bionanotechnology for the removal of emerging contaminants |
|
|
676 | (6) |
|
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
|
682 | (7) |
|
|
|
683 | (6) |
| Index |
|
689 | |