E-raamat: Diagnostic Pathology: Kidney Diseases E-Book

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
4 Introduction to Renal Pathology Robert B. Colvin, MD 24 Normal Kidney
Structure Neeraja Kambham, MD and Anthony Chang, MD 36 Normal Kidney
Development Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 46 Kidney Biopsy Reports Surya V. Seshan,
MD, Anthony Chang, MD, and Lynn D. Cornell, MD 48 Needle Biopsy: Evaluation
for Adequacy Lynn D. Cornell, MD 52 Harmonized Nephropathology Terminology
and Reporting Mark Haas, MD, PhD 54 Consensus Definitions of Light and
Electron Microscopy Lesions Mark Haas, MD, PhD 58 Common Artifacts and
Pitfalls Lynn D. Cornell, MD

SECTION 2: GLOMERULAR DISEASES PODOCYTOPATHIES
66 Minimal Change Disease (Diffuse Podocytopathy) A. Brad Farris, III, MD,
MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 74 Classification of Focal Segmental
Glomerulosclerosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 78
Etiologic Classification of Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Robert B.
Colvin, MD 80 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis, Primary A. Brad Farris,
III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 88 Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis,
Adaptive (Secondary) A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD
94 Collapsing Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins,
MD, PhD MEMBRANOUS NEPHROPATHY AND VARIANTS 104 Introduction to Membranous
Nephropathy Robert B. Colvin, MD and Anthony Chang, MD 112 Etiologies of
Membranous Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 114
Membranous Nephropathy Due to PLA2R1 Autoantibodies Anthony Chang, MD and
Sanjeev Sethi, MD 120 Membranous Nephropathy Due to Non-PLA2R1 Autoantibodies
Anthony Chang, MD and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 126 Membranous Nephropathy Associated
With Systemic Disease Anthony Chang, MD 130 Membranous Nephropathy With
Anti-TBM Antibodies Robert B. Colvin, MD 132 Podocyte Infolding
Glomerulopathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh IGA-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES 134
Overview of IgA-Related Glomerular Diseases Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 138 IgA
Nephropathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Ian Roberts,
MBChB, FRCPath 152 IgA Vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein Purpura) Anthony Chang,
MD and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath 158 IgA Acute Glomerulonephritis
Associated With Staphylococcus aureus Robert B. Colvin, MD and Ian Roberts,
MBChB, FRCPath 162 Hepatic Disease With IgA Deposition Robert B. Colvin, MD
SLE AND RELATED AUTOANTIBODYMEDIATED DISEASES 164 Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus Shane Meehan, MB, BCh, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Ingeborg M.
Bajema, MD, PhD 182 Mixed Connective Tissue Disease A. Brad Farris, III, MD,
MBA 184 Idiopathic Nonlupus Full-House Nephropathy Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD,
PhD and Emilie Rijnink, MD, PhD 186 Mixed Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis
A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Charles E. Alpers, MD ANTI-GBM DISEASES 192
Anti-GBM Glomerulonephritis Anthony Chang, MD 200 Atypical Anti-GBM Disease
Lynn D. Cornell, MD COMPLEMENT-RELATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIDES 204
Classification of MPGN and Complement-Related Diseases Jean Hou, MD, Robert
B. Colvin, MD, and Mark Haas, MD, PhD 210 Dense Deposit Disease Jean Hou, MD,
Mark Haas, MD, PhD, and A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 218 C3
Glomerulonephritis Jean Hou, MD, Lynn D. Cornell, MD, and Mark Haas, MD, PhD
226 C1q Nephropathy Neeraja Kambham, MD 232 C4 Glomerulopathy Sanjeev Sethi,
MD and Lynn D. Cornell, MD 234 Immune Complex Membranoproliferative
Glomerulonephritis Jean Hou, MD, A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA, and Mark Haas,
MD, PhD MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN GLOMERULAR DISEASES 242 Introduction to
Diseases With Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits Robert B. Colvin, MD 246
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 254
Proliferative Glomerulonephritis With Monoclonal IgG Deposits Lynn D.
Cornell, MD 258 Membranous Nephropathy With Masked IgG-Kappa Deposits
Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 262 Type I
Cryoglobulinemic Glomerulonephritis Evan Farkash, MD, PhD and Robert B.
Colvin, MD 266 Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Anthony Chang, MD 268
Crystalglobulin Glomerulonephritis Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 270 Light Chain
Crystalline Podocytopathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD AMYLOIDOSIS 272 Amyloidosis
Classification A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 278 AL/AH
Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 284 AA
Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 288 AFib
Amyloidosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 290 AGel
Amyloidosis Sanjeev Sethi, MD 292 ALECT2 Amyloidosis Christopher P. Larsen,
MD, Sanjeev Sethi, MD, and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 294 AApoAI Amyloidosis A.
Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 295 AApoAII Amyloidosis
Robert B. Colvin, MD and Sanjeev Sethi, MD 296 AApoAIV Amyloidosis Sanjeev
Sethi, MD 297 AApoCII Amyloidosis Sanjeev Sethi, MD 298 ATTR Amyloidosis A.
Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Sanjeev Sethi, MD IDIOPATHIC FIBRILLARY
GLOMERULOPATHIES 300 Diseases With Organized Deposits Robert B. Colvin, MD
304 Fibrillary Glomerulopathy Anthony Chang, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander,
MD 310 Immunotactoid Glomerulopathy Anthony Chang, MD and Charles E. Alpers,
MD 314 Fibronectin Glomerulopathy Neeraja Kambham, MD DIABETIC AND RELATED
RENAL DISEASES 318 Diabetic Nephropathy Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ian Roberts,
MBChB, FRCPath 328 Metabolic Syndrome/Obesity-Related Glomerular Disease
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 332 Idiopathic Nodular Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris,
III, MD, MBA and Ian Roberts, MBChB, FRCPath INFECTION-RELATED GLOMERULAR
DISEASES 336 Overview of Infection-Related Glomerular Disease Shane Meehan,
MB, BCh 340 Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis A. Brad Farris, III,
MD, MBA 348 Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis, Nonstreptococcal A. Brad
Farris, III, MD, MBA 354 Glomerulonephritis of Chronic Infection, Including
Shunt Nephritis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 356 Endocarditis A. Brad Farris,
III, MD, MBA and Christie L. Boils, MD 360 Syphilis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 362
Lyme Disease Neeraja Kambham, MD 364 COVID-19 Nephropathies Lynn D. Cornell,
MD, Mariam Priya Alexander, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD 372 Hepatitis B
Virus Anthony Chang, MD 376 Hepatitis C Virus Anthony Chang, MD and Charles
E. Alpers, MD 382 HIV-Associated Nephropathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 388
Miscellaneous HIV-Associated Renal Diseases A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 394
Schistosomiasis Neeraja Kambham, MD 396 Filariasis Christie L. Boils, MD 397
Leishmaniasis Kerstin Amann, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD DRUG-INDUCED
GLOMERULAR DISEASES 398 Drug-Induced Minimal Change Disease Anthony Chang, MD
and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 400 Bisphosphonate-Induced Collapsing
Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 401
Chloroquine Toxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 402 Antihepatitis C Virus Drugs
Ivy A. Rosales, MD 406 Anti-EGFR Drugs Kammi J. Henriksen, MD GENETIC
GLOMERULAR DISEASES 408 Classification of Glomerular Genetic Diseases Sanjay
Jain, MD, PhD 410 Genetic Causes of Nephrotic Syndrome Joseph P. Gaut, MD,
PhD GENETIC DISEASES OF GBM COLLAGEN 414 Alport Syndrome Joseph P. Gaut, MD,
PhD, Helen Liapis, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD 426 Thin Basement Membrane
Disease Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD GENETIC PODOCYTE
DISEASES 428 Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome of Finnish Type Joseph P. Gaut,
MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 432 Pierson Syndrome Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph
P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and Helen Liapis, MD 434 Galloway-Mowat Syndrome Carrie L.
Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 436 Denys-Drash Syndrome Kammi J.
Henriksen, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 440 Frasier Syndrome Carrie L.
Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 442 Podocin Deficiency Joseph P. Gaut,
MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 444 ?-Actinin-4 Deficiency Joseph P. Gaut, MD,
PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 446 Autosomal Dominant FSGS Due to INF2 Mutations
Robert B. Colvin, MD 448 APOL1-Related Glomerular Disease Christopher P.
Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza, MD, PhD 452 Schimke Immunoosseous Dysplasia
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh GENETIC STORAGE AND LIPID DISEASES 454 Fabry Disease
Robert B. Colvin, MD and Laura Barisoni, MD 462 Alagille Syndrome Anthony
Chang, MD 464 Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency Carrie L.
Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 468 APOE Lipoprotein Glomerulopathy
Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 470 Type III
Hyperlipoproteinemia Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and Helen
Liapis, MD 472 I-Cell Disease (Mucolipidosis II) Carrie L. Phillips, MD and
Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 474 Gaucher Glomerulopathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA
OTHER GENETIC GLOMERULAR DISEASES 476 Type III Collagen Glomerulopathy Nidia
Messias, MD, L. Nicholas Cossey, MD, and Helen Liapis, MD 480 Nail-Patella
Syndrome Nidia Messias, MD and Helen Liapis, MD 482 Glomerulopathy of
Hereditary Multiple Exostoses Robert B. Colvin, MD and Ian Roberts, MBChB,
FRCPath MISCELLANEOUS GLOMERULAR DISEASES 484 Cryofibrinogenic Glomerulopathy
Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 488 IgM Nephropathy
Neeraja Kambham, MD 490 Kidney Disease Associated With COVID-19 Immunization
Astrid Weins, MD, PhD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 494 Renal Disease in
Rheumatoid Arthritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 500 Hemophagocytic Glomerulopathy
Lynn D. Cornell, MD 504 Coenzyme-Q Nephropathies Laura Barisoni, MD 506
Hepatic Glomerulosclerosis Robert B. Colvin, MD 507 Intravascular Large
B-Cell Lymphoma Anthony Chang, MD

SECTION 3: VASCULAR DISEASES
510 Overview and Classification of Systemic Vasculitides Surya V. Seshan, MD
and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD ANCA DISEASES 520 ANCA-Related
Glomerulonephritis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 526
Microscopic Polyangiitis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD
534 Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M.
Bajema, MD, PhD 544 Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
(Churg-Strauss) Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD, PhD 550
Drug-Induced ANCA Vasculitis Surya V. Seshan, MD and Ingeborg M. Bajema, MD,
PhD NON-ANCA VASCULITIDES 554 Polyarteritis Nodosa Surya V. Seshan, MD 560
Kawasaki Disease Surya V. Seshan, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 562
Giant Cell Arteritis Surya V. Seshan, MD 566 Takayasu Arteritis Surya V.
Seshan, MD 570 Hypocomplementemic Urticarial Vasculitis (Anti-C1q Vasculitis)
Robert B. Colvin, MD THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES 572 Introduction to
Thrombotic Microangiopathies Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 578
Infection-Related Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A.
Rosales, MD 584 Genetic Thrombotic Microangiopathy Neeraja Kambham, MD and
Ivy A. Rosales, MD 588 Autoimmune Thrombotic Microangiopathy Neeraja Kambham,
MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 592 Drug-Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Neeraja
Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 596 Postpartum Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 600 Scleroderma Renal Disease
Neeraja Kambham, MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 606 Multicentric Castleman Disease
Lynn D. Cornell, MD OTHER DISEASES AFFECTING ENDOTHELIUM 608 Preeclampsia,
Eclampsia, and HELLP Syndrome Anthony Chang, MD 610 Radiation Nephropathy
Anthony Chang, MD 612 Sickle Cell Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 616 Retinal
Vasculopathy and Cerebral Leukodystrophy Robert B. Colvin, MD HYPERTENSIVE
RENAL DISEASES 618 Hypertensive Renovascular Diseases A. Brad Farris, III,
MD, MBA 626 Renal Artery Stenosis A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 630
Fibromuscular Dysplasia A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 636 Neurofibromatosis
Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD THROMBOTIC AND EMBOLIC
DISEASES 640 Renal Vein Thrombosis Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD,
MPH, FRCP(C) 642 Renal Artery Thrombosis Anthony Chang, MD 644 Atheromatous
Emboli Anthony Chang, MD 646 Hydrophilic Polymer Emboli Kammi J. Henriksen,
MD

SECTION 4: TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES
650 Overview and Classification of Tubulointerstitial Diseases Robert B.
Colvin, MD 652 Differential Diagnosis of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Lynn D.
Cornell, MD 658 Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis Ivy A. Rosales, MD 662
Guide to Crystal Nephropathies L. Nicholas Cossey, MD ISCHEMIC INJURIES 668
Acute Tubular Injury Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 674 Renal Cortical Necrosis Shane
Meehan, MB, BCh 676 Sepsis/Shock Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD IMMUNOLOGIC TUBULAR
DISEASES 678 IgG4-Related Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 688 Sjögren Syndrome
Josephine M. Ambruzs, MD, MPH 692 Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis A.
Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 696 Sarcoidosis Josephine M. Ambruzs, MD, MPH 700
Antibrush Border Autoantibody Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Ivy A. Rosales, MD
and Robert B. Colvin, MD 702 Anti-TBM Disease Robert B. Colvin, MD 704
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With IgM(+) Plasma Cells Lynn D. Cornell, MD
MONOCLONAL IMMUNOGLOBULIN TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 706 Light Chain Cast
Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD and Kammi J. Henriksen, MD 712 Light Chain
Proximal Tubulopathy With Crystals Lynn D. Cornell, MD 716 Light Chain
Proximal Tubulopathy Without Crystals Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany
Caza, MD, PhD 720 Crystal-Storing Histiocytosis Mariam Priya Alexander, MD
DRUG-INDUCED TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 724 Drug-Induced Acute Interstitial
Nephritis Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Robert B. Colvin, MD 730 Drugs That Cause
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Robert B. Colvin, MD and Lynn D. Cornell, MD 732
Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Kidney Diseases Ivy A. Rosales, MD 736 Papillary
Necrosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 740 Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity Shane Meehan, MB,
BCh 742 Osmotic Tubulopathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD
746 Antiviral Drug Nephrotoxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 752 Acute Phosphate
Nephropathy Lynn D. Cornell, MD 754 Lithium-Induced Renal Disease Anthony
Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 756 Calcineurin Inhibitor
Toxicity Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 762 mTOR Inhibitor Toxicity Lynn D. Cornell,
MD 764 Vancomycin-Induced Cast Nephropathy Kammi J. Henriksen, MD 766
Anticoagulant-Related Nephropathy Christopher P. Larsen, MD and Tiffany Caza,
MD, PhD 768 Illicit Drugs and Opioids Kammi J. Henriksen, MD TOXIC
TUBULOPATHIES 770 Myoglobinuria/Rhabdomyolysis/Hemoglobinuria Neeraja
Kambham, MD 772 Bile Cast Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 774 Lead and Other
Heavy Metal Toxins Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 778 Ethylene Glycol Toxicity Shane
Meehan, MB, BCh 780 Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 782
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 784 Argyria Robert B.
Colvin, MD AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TUBULOINTERSTITIAL KIDNEY DISEASES 786
MUC1-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Joseph P.
Gaut, MD, PhD and Helen Liapis, MD 788 UMOD-Related Autosomal Dominant
Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 790 REN-Related
Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 792
HNF1B-Related Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease Robert B.
Colvin, MD and Marie Claire Gubler, MD GENETIC CRYSTAL DEPOSITION DISEASES
794 Uric Acid Nephropathy/Gout Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 798 Primary
Hyperoxaluria Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 800 2,8-Dihydroxyadeninuria Lynn D.
Cornell, MD 802 Cystinosis Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD, and
Helen Liapis, MD GENETIC TRANSPORT DISEASES 804 Bartter Syndrome Shane
Meehan, MB, BCh 806 Dent Disease Lynn D. Cornell, MD 808 Oculocerebrorenal
Syndrome of Lowe Josephine M. Ambruzs, MD, MPH OTHER GENETIC TUBULAR DISEASES
810 Mitochondriopathies Surya V. Seshan, MD 814 Systemic Karyomegaly Robert
B. Colvin, MD 816 Methylmalonic Acidemia Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Linda
Hasadsri, MD, PhD MISCELLANEOUS TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISEASES 820
Nephrocalcinosis Lynn D. Cornell, MD 822 Lysozyme Nephropathy Tiffany Caza,
MD, PhD and Christopher P. Larsen, MD 824 Secondary Oxalosis Lynn D. Cornell,
MD 826 Chronic Interstitial Nephritis in Agricultural Communities Lynn D.
Cornell, MD 828 Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Lynn D. Cornell, MD

SECTION 5: KIDNEY INFECTIONS BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
834 Acute Pyelonephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 842 Chronic Pyelonephritis
Neeraja Kambham, MD 846 Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis Neeraja Kambham,
MD and Ivy A. Rosales, MD 850 Malakoplakia Neeraja Kambham, MD 854
Tuberculosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 856 BCG Granulomatous Interstitial Nephritis
Neeraja Kambham, MD 858 Leprosy Neeraja Kambham, MD 859 Megalocytic
Interstitial Nephritis Neeraja Kambham, MD 860 Nocardiosis Neeraja Kambham,
MD 862 Leptospirosis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 864 Whipple Disease Carrie L.
Phillips, MD FUNGAL, RICKETTSIAL, AND PARASITIC INFECTIONS 866 Mucormycosis
Anthony Chang, MD 868 Candidiasis Anthony Chang, MD 869 Histoplasmosis
Anthony Chang, MD 870 Coccidioidomycosis Anthony Chang, MD 871 Blastomycosis
Anthony Chang, MD 872 Paracoccidioidomycosis Anthony Chang, MD 873
Aspergillosis Anthony Chang, MD 874 Cryptococcosis Anthony Chang, MD 875
Microsporidiosis Robert B. Colvin, MD 876 Rickettsial Infections Shane
Meehan, MB, BCh 878 Toxoplasmosis Neeraja Kambham, MD 880 Hydatidosis Carrie
L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD VIRAL INFECTIONS 882 Polyomavirus
Nephritis Anthony Chang, MD and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 890 Cytomegalovirus
Infection Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 892 Adenovirus
Infection Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 894 Epstein-Barr Virus
Nephritis Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 896 Herpes Simplex
Acute Nephritis Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 898 Hantavirus
Nephropathy A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA

SECTION 6: DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES
902 Overview of Congenital Anomalies of Kidney and Urinary Tract Sanjay Jain,
MD, PhD 906 Dysplasia/Hypoplasia/Agenesis Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 912
Oligomeganephronia Robert B. Colvin, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C)
914 Ectopia, Malrotation, Duplication, Fusion, Supernumerary Kidney Sanjay
Jain, MD, PhD 918 Ask-Upmark Kidney Lynn D. Cornell, MD 920 Renal Tubular
Dysgenesis Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD

SECTION 7: CYSTIC DISEASES
926 Overview of Cystic Diseases Nidia Messias, MD, Joseph P. Gaut, MD, PhD,
and Helen Liapis, MD CILIOPATHIES 932 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Disease Anthony Chang, MD, Robert B. Colvin, MD, and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH,
FRCP(C) 938 Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease Carrie L. Phillips,
MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 944 Nephronophthisis and Related Ciliopathies
Kerstin Amann, MD, Helen Liapis, MD, and Robert B. Colvin, MD OTHER GENETIC
CYSTIC DISEASES 950 von Hippel-Lindau Disease Carrie L. Phillips, MD and
Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 956 Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Christie L. Boils, MD
962 Zellweger Syndrome Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD
MISCELLANEOUS CYSTIC DISEASES 964 Medullary Sponge Kidney Lynn D. Cornell, MD
966 Mixed Epithelial and Stromal Tumor Family Carrie L. Phillips, MD and
Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 972 Pediatric Cystic Nephroma Angelica R. Putnam, MD
and Carrie L. Phillips, MD 976 Acquired Cystic Disease Carrie L. Phillips, MD
and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 980 Simple and Miscellaneous Cysts Anthony Chang,
MD 982 Renal Lymphangioma/Lymphangiectasia Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen
M. Bonsib, MD

SECTION 8: COLLECTING SYSTEM DISEASES
988 Introduction to Impediments to Urine Flow Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 992 Reflux
Nephropathy Sanjay Jain, MD, PhD 996 Obstructive Uropathy Sanjay Jain, MD,
PhD 1000 Nephrolithiasis Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 1006 Loin Pain Hematuria
Syndrome Carrie L. Phillips, MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD

SECTION 9: RENAL ALLOGRAFT DISEASES
1010 Pathologic Classification of Renal Allograft Diseases Robert B. Colvin,
MD INTRODUCTION 1012 Evaluation of Allograft Kidneys Lynn D. Cornell, MD and
Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1018 Evaluation of Donor Kidneys Lynn D. Cornell, MD
and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD REJECTION 1024 Acute T-Cell-Mediated Rejection Lynn
D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1034 Chronic T-Cell-Mediated Rejection
Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1038 Hyperacute Rejection Lynn D.
Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1042 Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1050 Chronic Antibody-Mediated
Rejection Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Michael Mengel, MD 1062 Transcript Analysis
of Renal Transplant Biopsies Michael Mengel, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD
RECURRENT AND DE NOVO DISEASES 1066 Diseases That Recur in Allografts Anthony
Chang, MD, Lynn D. Cornell, MD, and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 1072 De Novo Focal
Segmental Glomerulosclerosis Anthony Chang, MD and Astrid Weins, MD, PhD 1074
De Novo Membranous Nephropathy Anthony Chang, MD 1078 Anti-GBM Disease in
Alport Syndrome Anthony Chang, MD and R. Neal Smith, MD, PhD 1080 Chimerism
Transition Syndrome A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1082 Late Posttransplant
Histology Lynn D. Cornell, MD OTHER ALLOGRAFT DISEASES 1084 Acute Allograft
Ischemia A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1088 Size Mismatch Allograft Injury
Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C) 1090 Lymphocele A. Brad
Farris, III, MD, MBA 1091 Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis A. Brad Farris,
III, MD, MBA 1092 Transplant Renal Artery or Vein Thrombosis A. Brad Farris,
III, MD, MBA 1094 Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Diseases A. Brad Farris,
III, MD, MBA 1104 BK Polyomavirus Neoplasia Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1106
Protocol Biopsies Lynn D. Cornell, MD and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1110
Tolerance Robert B. Colvin, MD 1114 Kidney Xenografts Ivy A. Rosales, MD
KIDNEY PATHOLOGY IN RECIPIENTS OF OTHER TRANSPLANTS 1118 Kidney Diseases in
Nonrenal Transplant Recipients Robert B. Colvin, MD 1122 Graft-vs.-Host
Glomerulopathies Anthony Chang, MD and Yael K. Heher, MD, MPH, FRCP(C)

SECTION 10: KIDNEY EXAMINATION
1126 Examination of End-Stage Kidneys Shane Meehan, MB, BCh 1132 Examination
of Tumor Nephrectomy Specimens for Nonneoplastic Diseases Kammi J. Henriksen,
MD and Stephen M. Bonsib, MD 1136 Evaluation of Transplant Nephrectomies
Shane Meehan, MB, BCh and Evan Farkash, MD, PhD 1140 Evaluation of Autopsy
Kidneys Kammi J. Henriksen, MD and Mariam Priya Alexander, MD

SECTION 11: TECHNIQUES
1146 Basic Concepts for Computational Image Analysis Laura Barisoni, MD and
Andrew Janowczyk, PhD 1150 Artificial Intelligence and Digital Pathology
Analysis of Kidneys A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1154 Evaluation of Fibrosis
A. Brad Farris, III, MD, MBA 1158 Immunofluorescence on Paraffin Tissue
Sections Nidia Messias, MD 1162 EM Processing From Paraffin Tissue A. Brad
Farris, III, MD, MBA 1164 Detection of Autoantigens in Membranous Nephropathy
Christopher P. Larsen, MD and A. Bernard Collins, BS 1168 Alport Collagen IV
Immunofluorescence A. Bernard Collins, BS, Christopher P. Larsen, MD, and
Robert B. Colvin, MD 1170 C4d Immunohistochemistry/Immunofluorescence Robert
B. Colvin, MD and A. Bernard Collins, BS 1174 Polyomavirus Detection in
Tissue Robert B. Colvin, MD 1176 Mass Spectrometry Sanjeev Sethi, MD and
Mariam Priya Alexander, MD 1178 Diagnostic Genetics of Kidney Diseases Sanjay
Jain, MD, PhD and Yasar Caliskan, MD

Robert B. Colvin is a Benjamin Castleman Distinguished Professor of Pathology at the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, and is Pathologist-in-Chief, Emeritus at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts Dr. Anthony C. Chang is an active pediatric cardiologist and currently serves as Chief Intelligence and Innovation Officer at Rady Children's Health. A pioneer in healthcare AI, he founded the American Board of AI in Medicine (ABAIM) and chairs the Alliance of Centers of AI in Medicine (ACAIM). Lynn D. Cornell, M.D., is a medical renal pathologist with special interests in IgG4-related disease and renal transplant pathology. She established the Renal Pathology Fellowship at Mayo Clinic, of which she is program director, where she mentors fellows and other trainees in renal pathology research. She also created and maintains a database of renal biopsy cases at Mayo Clinic, which has furthered clinical research efforts of all of Mayo's renal pathology and nephrology staff and trainees.