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E-raamat: Diameter: New Generation AAA Protocol - Design, Practice, and Applications

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  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Mar-2019
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118875858
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Diameter: New Generation AAA Protocol - Design, Practice, and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: PDF+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 13-Mar-2019
  • Kirjastus: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118875858
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Presents the principles, design, development and applications of the Diameter protocol suite

The Diameter protocol was born in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and designed to be a general-purpose Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) protocol applicable to many network environments. This book is for everyone who wants to understand the Diameter protocol and its applications. This book explains the place Diameter holds in global telecommunication networks and teaches system architects and designers how to incorporate Diameter into their network environments. 

Diameter: New Generation AAA Protocol - Design, Practice and Applications begins by describing the foundation of Diameter step-by-step, starting with building blocks of the protocol, and progressing from a simple two-party exchange to a multi-party exchange involving complex routing. It discusses the motivation for using Diameter, talks about its predecessor, RADIUS, and introduces the open source Diameter implementation, freeDiameter. The book expands beyond protocol basics to cover end-to-end communication, security functionality, and real-world applications, extending to the backend infrastructure of mobile telecommunications. In addition, an advanced chapter teaches readers how to develop Diameter extensions for their own AAA applications. 





Written by an experienced author team who are members of the group that standardized Diameter in the IETF and are at the forefront of this cutting-edge technology Presents the still-developing topic of Diameter from both introductory and advanced levels Makes available for download a virtual machine containing the open source implementation: https://diameter-book.info Provides hands-on experience via freeDiameter examples and exercises throughout the book

Diameter: New Generation AAA Protocol - Design, Practice and Applications will appeal to system architects and system designers, programmers, standardization experts new to Diameter, students and researchers interested in technology that is deployed by many network operators. 
Disclaimer xiii
About the Authors xv
Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgement xxiii
List of Abbreviations
xxv
1 Introduction
1(8)
1.1 What is AAA?
1(1)
1.2 Open Standards and the IETF
2(1)
1.3 What is Diameter?
3(3)
1.3.1 Diameter versus RADIUS
4(1)
1.3.2 Diameter Improvements
5(1)
1.4 What is freeDiameter?
6(1)
References
6(3)
2 Fundamental Diameter Concepts and Building Blocks
9(20)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Diameter Nodes
9(1)
2.3 Diameter Protocol Structure
10(1)
2.4 Diameter Applications
10(1)
2.5 Connections
11(1)
2.5.1 Transport Layer
11(1)
2.5.2 Peer-to-Peer Messaging Layer
12(1)
2.5.3 Setting up a Connection between freeDiameter Peers
12(1)
2.6 Diameter Message Overview
12(8)
2.6.1 The Command Code Format
13(2)
2.6.2 Message Structure
15(1)
2.6.3 Attribute-Value Pairs
16(1)
2.6.3.1 Format
16(4)
2.6.4 Derived AVP Data Formats
20(1)
2.7 Diameter Sessions
20(1)
2.8 Transaction Results
21(4)
2.8.1 Successful Transactions
21(1)
2.8.2 Protocol Errors
21(1)
2.8.3 Transient Failures
22(1)
2.8.4 Permanent Failures
23(2)
2.9 Diameter Agents
25(2)
2.9.1 Saving State
25(1)
2.9.2 Redirect Agents
25(1)
2.9.3 Relay Agents
25(2)
2.9.4 Proxy Agents
27(1)
2.9.5 Translation Agents
27(1)
References
27(2)
3 Communication between Neighboring Peers
29(32)
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Peer Connections and Diameter Sessions
29(1)
3.3 The Diameterldentity
29(2)
3.4 Peer Discovery
31(5)
3.4.1 Static Discovery
31(1)
3.4.1.1 Static Discovery in freeDiameter
31(1)
3.4.2 Dynamic Discovery
32(3)
3.4.2.1 Dynamic Discovery and DiameterURI
35(1)
3.4.2.2 DNS Further Reading
36(1)
3.5 Connection Establishment
36(1)
3.5.1 The Election Process: Handling Simultaneous Connection Attempts
37(1)
3.6 Capabilities Exchange
37(5)
3.6.1 freeDiameter example
38(1)
3.6.2 The Capabilities Exchange Request
39(1)
3.6.3 Capabilities Exchange Answer
40(1)
3.6.4 Hop-by-Hop Identifiers
41(1)
3.7 The Peer Table
42(1)
3.8 Peer Connection Maintenance
43(6)
3.8.1 Transport Failure, Failover, and Failback Procedures
45(4)
3.8.2 Peer State Machine
49(1)
3.9 Advanced Transport and Peer Topics
49(10)
3.9.1 TCP Multi-homing
50(1)
3.9.2 SCTP Multi-homing
51(2)
3.9.2.1 Multi-homing in freeDiameter
53(3)
3.9.3 Avoiding Head-of-Line Blocking
56(1)
3.9.4 Multiple Connection Instances
56(3)
References
59(2)
4 Diameter End-to-End Communication
61(20)
4.1 Introduction
61(1)
4.2 The Routing Table
61(2)
4.3 Diameter Request Routing
63(4)
4.3.1 AVPs to Route Request Messages
64(1)
4.3.1.1 Destination-Realm AVP
64(1)
4.3.1.2 Destination-Host AVP
64(1)
4.3.1.3 Auth-Application-Id and Acct-Application-Id AVPs
64(2)
4.3.1.4 User-Name AVP
65(1)
4.3.2 Routing AVPs
66(1)
4.3.2.1 Route-Record AVP
66(1)
4.3.2.2 Proxy-Info AVP
66(1)
4.4 Request Routing Error Handling
67(1)
4.4.1 Detecting Duplicated Messages
67(1)
4.4.2 Error Codes
67(1)
4.5 Answer Message Routing
68(1)
4.5.1 Relaying and Proxying Answer Messages
69(1)
4.6 Intra-Realm versus Inter-Realm Communication
69(1)
4.7 Diameter Routing and Inter-Connection Networks
70(5)
4.7.1 Inter-Connection Approaches
70(2)
4.7.2 Dynamic Diameter Node Discovery
72(1)
4.7.2.1 Alternative 1
73(1)
4.7.2.2 Alternative 2
73(1)
4.7.2.3 Alternative 3
73(2)
4.8 Diameter Overload Control
75(4)
4.8.1 Overload Reports
77(1)
4.8.2 Overload Control State
77(2)
4.8.3 Overload Abatement Considerations
79(1)
References
79(2)
5 Diameter Security
81(24)
5.1 Introduction
57(25)
5.2 Background
82(5)
5.2.1 Unkeyed Primitives
83(1)
5.2.2 Symmetric Key Primitives
84(1)
5.2.3 Asymmetric Key Primitives
84(2)
5.2.4 Key Length Recommendations
86(1)
5.3 Security Threats
87(3)
5.4 Security Services
90(4)
5.4.1 Diameter Security Model
90(1)
5.4.1.1 Secure Transports
91(1)
5.4.1.2 Authorization
92(1)
5.4.2 Relation to Threats
93(1)
5.4.3 Mitigating Other Threats
93(1)
5.5 PKI Example Configuration in freeDiameter
94(8)
5.5.1 The Configuration File
94(2)
5.5.2 The Certificate
96(1)
5.5.3 Protecting Exchanges via TLS
97(1)
5.5.3.1 Common Name and Hostname Mismatch
98(1)
5.5.3.2 Unprotected Exchanges
99(1)
5.5.3.3 Certificate Revocation
100(2)
5.6 Security Evolution
102(1)
References
102(3)
6 Diameter Applications
105(54)
6.1 Introduction
105(1)
6.2 Base Accounting
105(10)
6.2.1 Actors
106(1)
6.2.2 Accounting Application Setup
106(1)
6.2.3 Accounting Services
107(2)
6.2.4 Accounting Records
109(1)
6.2.5 Correlation of Accounting Records
109(1)
6.2.6 Sending Accounting Information
110(1)
6.2.7 Accounting AVPs
110(2)
6.2.8 freeDiameter Example
112(1)
6.2.9 Fault Resilience
113(1)
6.2.10 Example: 3GPP Rf Interface for Mobile Offline Charging
113(1)
6.2.10.1 Rf Interface Commands
114(1)
6.3 Credit Control
115(7)
6.3.1 Credit-Control-Request Command
116(2)
6.3.2 Credit-Control-Answer Command
118(2)
6.3.3 Failure Handling
120(1)
6.3.4 Extensibility
121(1)
6.3.5 Example: 3GPP Ro Interface for Online Charging
121(1)
6.4 Quality of Service
122(8)
6.4.1 Actors
122(1)
6.4.2 Modes of Operation
123(1)
6.4.2.1 Push Mode
123(1)
6.4.2.2 Pull Mode
123(1)
6.4.3 Authorization
124(1)
6.4.3.1 Push Mode Authorization Schemes
124(1)
6.4.3.2 Pull Mode Authorization
124(2)
6.4.4 Establishing and Managing a QoS Application Session
126(1)
6.4.4.1 Establishing a Session
126(3)
6.4.5 Re-Authorizing a Session
129(1)
6.4.5.1 Re-Authorization Initiated by the NE
129(1)
6.4.5.2 Re-Authorization Initiated by the Authorizing Elements
129(1)
6.4.6 Terminating a Session
129(1)
6.4.6.1 Session Terminated by the NE
129(1)
6.4.6.2 Session Terminated by the AE
129(1)
6.5 Interworking RADIUS and Diameter
130(7)
6.6 Soa Interface
137(19)
6.6.1 Evolved Packet Core
137(1)
6.6.2 Soa Overview
138(1)
6.6.2.1 Common AVPs for Soa Commands
139(1)
6.6.3 Authentication
140(1)
6.6.3.1 Authentication-Information-Request Command
140(1)
6.6.3.2 Authentication-Information-Answer Command
141(1)
6.6.4 Location Management
142(1)
6.6.4.1 Update-Location-Request Command
142(2)
6.6.4.2 Cancel-Location-Request Command
144(1)
6.6.4.3 Cancel-Location-Answer Command
145(1)
6.6.4.4 Update-Location-Answer Command
145(1)
6.6.5 Subscriber Data Handling
146(1)
6.6.5.1 Insert-Subscriber-Data-Request Command
146(1)
6.6.5.2 Insert-Subscriber-Data-Answer Command
147(2)
6.6.5.3 Delete-Subscriber-Data-Request Command
149(1)
6.6.5.4 Delete-Subscriber-Data-Answer Message
150(1)
6.6.6 Fault Recovery
150(1)
6.6.6.1 Reset-Request Command
150(1)
6.6.6.2 Reset-Answer Command
151(1)
6.6.7 Notifications
152(1)
6.6.7.1 Notify-Request Command
152(2)
6.6.7.2 Notify-Answer Command
154(1)
6.6.8 Ending Subscriber Sessions
154(1)
6.6.8.1 Purge-UE-Request AVPs
154(1)
6.6.8.2 Purge-UE-Answer Command
155(1)
6.6.9 Extensibility
156(1)
References
156(3)
7 Guidelines for Extending Diameter
159(14)
7.1 Introduction
159(1)
7.2 Registration Policies
160(1)
7.3 Overview of Extension Strategies
161(1)
7.4 Extending Attribute-Value Pairs
162(1)
7.4.1 Extending Existing AVPs
162(1)
7.4.1.1 Creating New AVP Flags
162(1)
7.4.1.2 Adding AVP Extension Points
162(1)
7.4.1.3 Adding New AVP Values
162(1)
7.5 Extending Commands
163(3)
7.5.1 Allocating New Command Flags
163(1)
7.5.2 Adding New AVPs
163(2)
7.5.2.1 Adding New AVPs to Base Commands
165(1)
7.5.3 Creating New Commands
165(1)
7.5.3.1 Routing AVPs
165(1)
7.6 Creating New Applications
166(1)
7.6.1 The Application-Id
166(1)
7.7 Lessons Learned
167(2)
7.8 Vendor-specific Extensions
169(1)
7.8.1 AVPs
169(1)
7.8.2 Command Codes
170(1)
7.8.3 Diameter Applications
170(1)
7.9 Prototyping with freeDiameter
170(1)
References
170(3)
Appendix A freeDiameter Tutorial
173(10)
A.1 Introduction to Virtual Machines
173(1)
A.2 Installing the Virtualization Software
174(1)
A.3 Creating Your Own Environment
174(1)
A.4 Downloading the VM Image
174(1)
A.5 Installing and Starting the Master VM freeDiameter
174(1)
A.6 Creating a Connection Between Two Diameter Peers
175(8)
A.6.1 Building client.example.net
176(1)
A.6.2 Building server.example.net
177(1)
A.6.3 Creating the Diameter Connection
178(5)
Appendix B freeDiameter from Sources
183(18)
B.1 Introduction
183(1)
B.2 Tools and Dependencies
183(2)
B.2.1 Runtime Dependencies
184(1)
B.2.1.1 SCTP
184(1)
B.2.1.2 TLS
184(1)
B.2.1.3 Internationalized Domain Names
185(1)
B.3 Obtaining freeDiameter Source Code
185(1)
B.4 Configuring the Build
186(2)
B.5 Compiling freeDiameter
188(1)
B.6 Installing freeDiameter
189(1)
B.7 freeDiameter Configuration File
189(1)
B.8 Running and Debugging freeDiameter
190(2)
B.9 Extensions for Debug Support
192(7)
B.9.1 Extended Trace
192(1)
B.9.2 Logging Diameter Messages: dbg_msg_dumps.fdx
193(2)
B.9.3 Measuring Processing Time: dbg_msg_timings.fdx
195(1)
B.9.4 Viewing Queue Statistics: dbgjnonitor.fdx
196(1)
B.9.5 Understanding Routing Decisions: dbg_rt.fdx
197(1)
B.9.6 The Interactive Python Shell Extension: dbg_interactive.fdx
198(1)
B.10 Further Reading
199(1)
Reference
199(2)
Appendix C The freeDiameter Framework
201(8)
C.1 Introduction
201(1)
C.2 Framework Modules
201(1)
C.3 freeDiameter API Overview
202(5)
C.3.1 libfdproto.h
203(2)
C.3.2 libjdcore.h
205(2)
C.3.3 extension.h
207(1)
C.4 freeDiameter Architectures
207(1)
Reference
208(1)
Glossary 209(4)
Index 213
HANNES TSCHOFENIG is employed by Arm Ltd. where his focus is on improving the security of Internet of Things device. While working for Nokia Siemens Networks he co-chaired the IETF Diameter Maintenance and Extensions (DIME) working group.

SÉBASTIEN DECUGIS is a former Senior Visiting Researcher at Keio University in Japan, and developer of the freeDiameter implementation.

JEAN MAHONEY has more than a decade's worth of experience with IETF specifications and the servers and clients built on top of them. Jean is currently the co-chair of the IETF SIPCORE working group and Gen-ART Secretary.

JOUNI KORHONEN is Principal R&D Engineer with Nordic Semiconductor, and co-author of Deploying IPv6 in 3GPP Networks.
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