Klienditugi: 7440010 (E-R 10-18)

E-raamat: Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases: Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements

Edited by Ronald Ross Watson (Professor, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health and School of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA), Edited by Victor R Preedy (Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kings College Hospital, London)

Formaat: EPUB+DRM
Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jan-2019
Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9780128144695

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Ilmumisaeg: 10-Jan-2019
Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
Keel: eng
ISBN-13: 9780128144695

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Dietary Interventions in Gastrointestinal Diseases: Foods, Nutrients and Dietary Supplements provides valuable insights into the agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the gastrointestinal system. It provides nutritional treatment options for those suffering from gastrointestinal diseases including Crohn’s Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Ulcerative Colitis and Allergies, among others. Information is presented on a variety of foods, including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil, thus showing that changes in intake can change antioxidant and disease preventing non-nutrients and affect gastrointestinal health and/or disease promotion.

This book serves as a valuable resource for biomedical researchers who focus on identifying the causes of gastrointestinal diseases and food scientists targeting health-related product development.

Provides information on agents that affect metabolism and other health-related conditions in the gastrointestinal tract
Explores the impact of composition, including differences based on country of origin and processing techniques to highlight compositional differences and their effect on the gastrointestinal tract
Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact gastrointestinal diseases, including reduction of inflammation and improved function of organs

List of Contributors

xiii

Biography

xvii

Acknowledgments

xix

Section I Background and Overview of Diet and GI Tract Health

1 Plant Family, Carvacrol, and Putative Protection in Gastric Cancer

Ayse Gunes Bayir

Huriye Senay Kiziltan

Abdurrahim Kocyigit

1 Plant Family and Phytochemicals

(1)

1.1 General Properties of Dietary Phytochemicals

(1)

1.2 Classification of Phytochemicals

(1)

1.3 Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention

(1)

2 Carvacrol

(5)

2.1 Carvacrol as a Molecule

(1)

2.2 Carvacrol Sources

(1)

2.3 Chemical and Physical Properties of Carvacrol

(1)

2.4 Metabolism and Excretion of Carvacrol

(1)

2.5 Acute Toxicity of Carvacrol

(1)

2.6 Biological Activities of Carvacrol

(4)

3 Dietary Phytochemicals in Gastric Cancer Chemoprevention

(1)

4 Gastric Cancer

(9)

4.1 Anatomy and Physiology

(1)

4.2 Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer

(1)

4.3 Etiology of Gastric Cancer

(1)

4.4 Pathology of Gastric Cancer

(1)

4.5 Types of Gastric Cancer

(1)

4.6 Stages of Gastric Cancer

(1)

4.7 Clinical Symptoms

(1)

4.8 Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer

(1)

4.9 Treatments

(1)

References

(5)

2 The Physics of Fiber in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Laxation, Antidiarrheal, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Johnson W. McRorie Jr.

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Chronic Idiopathic Constipation

(4)

2.1 Most Fibers Have No Laxative Effect, and at Least Four Can Be Constipating

(1)

2.2 Insoluble Fiber/Wheat Bran and Laxation

(1)

2.3 Soluble Gel-Forming Fiber/Psyllium and Laxation

(1)

2.4 Misconceptions About Fiber and Laxation

(1)

2.5 Summary: Fiber and Laxation

(2)

3 Antidiarrheal Effects of Fiber

(2)

3.1 Fermented Fibers/Prebiotics and Treatment/Prevention of Diarrhea

(1)

3.2 Prebiotics: Traveler's Diarrhea, Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea, and Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea

(1)

3.3 Fermented Fibers/Prebiotics and Enteral Nutrition-Induced Diarrhea

(1)

3.4 Mixed Fibers and Enteral Nutrition-Induced Diarrhea

(1)

3.5 Gel-Forming Fibers and Treatment/Prevention of Diarrhea

(1)

4 Fiber and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(2)

4.1 Fermentable Fiber/Prebiotics and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

4.2 Insoluble Wheat Bran and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

4.3 Guar Gum and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

4.4 Calcium Polycarbophil and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

4.5 Psyllium and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

4.6 Summary: Fiber and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

4.7 Recommendation to Begin Fiber Therapy Gradually

(1)

5 Overall Conclusions for Fiber and Laxation, Antidiarrheal, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(5)

References

(5)

3 Dietary Interventions and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Zeinab Mokhtari

Azita Hekmatdoost

1 Introduction

(1)

1.1 Clinical Manifestations and Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(1)

2 Nutritional Issues/Common Problems in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(1)

2.1 Vitamin D Deficiency in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(1)

2.2 Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(1)

3 Nutritional Assessment

(1)

4 Nutritional Interventions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(1)

5 Some Popular Dietary Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(3)

5.1 Enteral Nutrition in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

(2)

5.2 Dietary Recommendations in Practice

(1)

6 Conclusions

(5)

References

(5)

4 The Gastrointestinal System and Obesity

Gerardo Calderon

Andres Acosta

1 Introduction

(1)

1.1 Obesity: Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology

(1)

2 Gastrointestinal Regulation of Food Intake

(6)

2.1 The Gastrointestinal Tract in Regulation of Food Intake and Regulation of Energy Balance

(4)

3 Complication of Obesity in Gastrointestinal Tract

(5)

3.1 Oral Disease

(2)

3.2 Esophagus

(1)

3.3 Stomach

(1)

3.4 Small Intestine

(1)

3.5 Colon

(1)

3.6 Anorectal

(1)

3.7 Pancreas

(1)

3.8 Liver Disease

(1)

4 Treatment of Obesity Focused in the Gastrointestinal Tract

(3)

4.1 Diets

(1)

4.2 Drugs

(1)

4.3 Bariatric Procedures

(1)

5 Conclusions

(6)

Disclosures

(1)

References

(6)

5 Constipation: A Symptom of Chronic Food Intolerance?

I. Kearsey

Y.I. Yik

B.R. Southwell

J.M. Hutson

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Chronic Constipation

(2)

2.1 Definition

(1)

2.2 Epidemiology

(1)

2.3 Etiology

(1)

2.4 Clinical Assessment

(1)

2.5 Current Management Practices

(1)

3 Emerging Views of Pediatric Chronic Constipation

(3)

3.1 The Nuclear Colonic Transit Study

(2)

3.2 Colonic Dysmotility Subtypes

(1)

3.3 Slow-Transit Constipation

(1)

3.4 Rapid-Transit Constipation

(1)

4 Adverse Food Reactions and Chronic Constipation

(3)

4.1 Adverse Food Reactions

(1)

4.2 Adverse Food Reactions (AFR's) and Chronic Constipation

(1)

4.3 Exclusion Diet as a Management Strategy for Chronic Constipation

(1)

5 Conclusion

(2)

References

(2)

6 Food, Nutrients, and Dietary Supplements in Management of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction, Formerly Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Amol Sharma

Jigar Bhagatwala

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Reflux Hypersensitivity and Functional Heartburn

(1)

3 Functional Dyspepsia

(1)

4 Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Functional Constipation

(2)

5 Summary

(3)

References

(2)

7 Vitamin D and Quality of Life of Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Amir Abbasnezhad

Razieh Choghakhori

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Health-Related Quality of Life of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients

(2)

3 Functions of Vitamin D

(1)

4 Vitamin D Deficiency in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(1)

5 Vitamin D and Quality of Life in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

(2)

6 Discussion

(1)

7 Conclusions 86 List of Abbreviations 86 References

(5)

Section II Nutrition and GI Tract

8 Sealing the Leaky Gut Represents a Beneficial Mechanism of Zinc Intervention for Alcoholic Liver Disease

Wei Zhong

Zhanxiang Zhou

1 Introduction

(1)

2 Gut Barrier Dysfunction in the Development of Alcoholic Liver Disease

(2)

2.1 Alcohol-Induced Cut Hyperpermeability

(1)

2.2 Bacterial Translocation and Hepatic Signaling in Alcoholic Liver Disease

(1)

3 Zinc Metabolism and Function

(1)

3.1 Physiological Functions of Zinc

(1)

3.2 Regulation of Zinc Homeostasis

(1)

4 Zinc Deficiency in Alcoholic Liver Disease

(3)

4.1 Occurrence of Zinc Deficiency in Alcoholic Liver Disease

(1)

4.2 Mechanisms of Alcohol-Induced Zinc Deficiency

(1)

4.3 Effects of Zinc Deficiency on the Liver

(1)

4.4 Effects of Zinc Deficiency on the Gut Barrier

(1)

5 Zinc Intervention for Alcoholic Liver Disease

(2)

5.1 Dietary Zinc Supplementation Prevents Alcohol-Induced Endotoxemia and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction

(1)

5.2 Dietary Zinc Supplementation Restores the Function of Intestinal HNF-4α

100

(1)

5.3 Dietary Zinc Supplementation Reduces Endotoxin Levels in the Intestinal Lumen

100

(1)

6 Conclusion

100

(7)

References

101

(6)

9 Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Children With Crohn's Disease: A Focused Nutritional Intervention

Andrew S. Day

1 Introduction

107

(1)

2 Crohn's Disease

107

(1)

3 Nutritional Impact of Chron's Disease in Children

108

(1)

4 Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

109

(2)

4.1 Typical Exclusive Enteral Nutrition Protocol

109

(1)

4.2 Exclusive Enteral Nutrition and Induction of Remission

109

(1)

4.3 Other Benefits of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

109

(1)

4.4 Adverse Effects of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

110

(1)

4.5 EEN for Complicated CD

110

(1)

4.6 Maintenance EN to Maintain Remission/Prevent Relapse

110

(1)

5 Mechanisms of Action of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

111

(1)

5.1 Putative Mechanisms of Action of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition

111

(1)

5.2 Exclusive Enteral Nutrition and the Intestinal Microbiota

111

(1)

5.3 EEN Has Direct Antiinflammatory Effects and Enhances Barrier Function in Epithelial Cells

111

(1)

6 Conclusions

112

(5)

References

113

(4)

10 Gut Microbes in Liver Diseases: Dietary Intervention for Promoting Hepatic Health

Aryashree Arunima

Jugal Kishore Das

Mrutyunjay Suar

1 Introduction

117

(1)

2 Gut Microbiota

117

(2)

2.1 Gut Homeostasis

118

(1)

2.2 Gut Dysbiosis

118

(1)

3 Gut Microbiota and Liver

119

(2)

3.1 Liver as Vascular Sentinel of the Immune System

119

(1)

3.2 Gut-Liver Axis

120

(1)

3.3 Factors Affecting the Gut Microbiota in Liver Disease

120

(1)

4 Liver Diseases and Role of Gut Microbiota

121

(2)

4.1 Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

121

(1)

4.2 Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

122

(1)

4.3 Hepatic Fibrogenesis

122

(1)

4.4 Hepatic Encephalopathy

122

(1)

4.5 Viral Hepatitis

122

(1)

4.6 Hepatocellular Carcinoma

123

(1)

4.7 Liver Cirrhosis

123

(1)

4.8 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

123

(1)

5 Dietary Intervention Strategies for Liver Diseases

123

(3)

5.1 Probiotic Therapy

124

(1)

5.2 Probiotic-Based Intervention for Promoting Hepatic Health

124

(1)

5.3 Prebiotics

125

(1)

6 Future Prospects

126

(9)

List of Abbreviations

126

(9)

Acknowledgments

127

(1)

References

127

(8)

Section III Probiotics, Prebiotics, Symbiotics in Intestinal Functions

11 Feasible Options to Control Colonization of Enteric Pathogens With Designed Synbiotics

Mengfei Peng

Puja Patel

Vinod Nagarajan

Cassandra Bernhardt

Michael Carrion

Debabrata Biswas

1 Introduction

135

(1)

2 Probiotics and Its Role in the Prevention of Enteric Pathogen Colonization

136

(2)

2.1 Environment of the Gut Flora

136

(1)

2.2 Interaction Between Probiotics and Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

137

(1)

2.3 Strengthening of the Epithelial Barrier

138

(1)

2.4 Application of Probiotics in Prevention of Enteric Bacterial Infections

138

(1)

3 Probiotics and Its Antimicrobial Role in Reduction of Enteric Bacterial Pathogen Growth

138

(2)

3.1 Probiotics Producing Antimicrobial Substances

139

(1)

3.2 Antimicrobial Action by Probiotics

139

(1)

3.3 Antimicrobial Activity of Probiotics in Food Products

140

(1)

4 Combined Effect of Pre- and Probiotic and Its Limitation

140

(3)

4.1 The Combined Effects in Form of Synbiotics

141

(1)

4.2 Mechanisms of Synbiotics in Preventing Enteric Diseases

141

(1)

4.3 The Double Inhibitory Actions by Synbiotics

142

(1)

4.4 Limitations of Synbiotics Application

142

(1)

5 Feasible Alternative to Overcome the Limitation of Symbiotic

143

(1)

5.1 Alternative Functional Ingredients to Probiotics

143

(1)

5.2 Limitation in Prebiotics and Potential Solutions

144

(1)

5.3 Antimicrobials' Potential in Combinational Alternatives

144

(1)

6 Conclusion

144

(7)

Acknowledgments

145

(1)

References

145

(6)

12 The Role of Prebiotics in Disease Prevention and Health Promotion

Rabin Gyawali

Nwadiuto Nwamaioha

Rita Fiagbor

Tahi Zimmerman

Robert H. Newman

Salam A. Ibrahim

1 Concept of Prebiotics

151

(1)

2 Modulation of Gut Microbiota

152

(1)

3 Prebiotics Effects in Human Health

153

(5)

3.1 Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

153

(1)

3.2 Colon Cancer

154

(1)

3.3 Inflammatory Bowel Disease

155

(1)

3.4 Cardiovascular Disease

156

(1)

3.5 Type II Diabetes and Glycemic Control

157

(1)

3.6 Weight Management

157

(1)

3.7 Immune Function

158

(1)

4 Synbiotic Approach

158

(3)

5 Insight Into Prebiotics Effect on the Growth of Harmful Bacteria

161

(2)

6 Conclusions and Future Directions

163

(6)

Acknowledgments

163

(1)

References

163

(6)

13 Probiotics From Food Products and Gastrointestinal Health

Murat Dogan

Ismail Hakki Tekiner

Hilal Demirkesen Bicak

1 Introduction

169

(1)

2 Probiotic Concept

169

(1)

3 Mechanisms of Action of Probiotics

170

(1)

3.1 Antimicrobial Effects

170

(1)

3.2 Enhancement of Mucosal Barrier Integrity

171

(1)

3.3 Immune Modulation

171

(1)

4 Dietary Interventions of Probiotics in Gastrointestinal Disorders

171

(1)

5 Probiotic Functional Foods, Status, and Claims

172

(1)

6 Conclusions

173

(6)

List of Abbreviations

173

(1)

References

174

(5)

14 Prebiotics for Gastrointestinal Infections and Acute Diarrhea

Ignasi Azagra-Boronat

Maria Jose Rodriguez-Lagunas

Margarida Castell

Francisco J. Perez-Cano

1 Introduction

179

(1)

2 Gastrointestinal Infections

179

(2)

3 Prebiotics: Types and Mechanisms of Action

181

(2)

3.1 Definition and Types of Prebiotics

181

(1)

3.2 Mechanisms of Action in the Protection of Gastrointestinal Infections

181

(1)

3.3 Microbiota-Dependent Mechanisms

181

(2)

3.4 Microbiota-Independent Mechanisms

183

(1)

4 Prebiotics in Gastrointestinal Diseases

183

(4)

4.1 In Vitro Evidences

183

(1)

4.2 Evidences in Animal Models of Infection

183

(3)

4.3 Prebiotics in Human Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract

186

(1)

5 Conclusions

187

(6)

List of Abbreviations

187

(1)

References

188

(5)

15 Probiotics and Applications to Constipation

Elena Scarpato

Vincenzo Coppola

Annamaria Staiano

1 The Role of Microbiota in Gut Motility

193

(1)

2 Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Health

193

(1)

3 Microbiota Alterations in Functional Constipation

194

(1)

4 Probiotics in the Management of Functional Constipation

194

(1)

5 Conclusions

195

(2)

References

195

(2)

16 New Functional Properties of Fermented Rice Bran in Food Processing and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Model Mice

Takashi Kuda

1 Introduction

197

(1)

2 Preparation of Fermented Rice Bran for Ammonia Reduction in Shark Meat

198

(1)

3 Effect of Fermented Rice Bran on Ammonia Content and Preference Ranking in Shark and Other Fish Meat

199

(1)

4 Dietary and Lifestyle Disease Indices and Cecal Microbiota in High-Fat Diet, Dietary Fiber-Free Diet, or DSS-Induced IBD Models in Closed Colony Mice

199

(1)

5 Protective Effects of FRB in DSS-Induced IBD Model ICR Mice

200

(4)

5.1 Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties

201

(1)

5.2 Immune Promotion and Antiinflammation Activity in Murine Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells

201

(2)

5.3 Protective Effects of FRB-AES in DSS-Induced IBD Model ICR Mice

203

(1)

6 Conclusion

204

(5)

Acknowledgments

204

(1)

References

204

(2)

Further Reading

206

(3)

Section IV Microbes and GI Tract

17 Zataria multiflora and Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

T. Shomali

1 Introduction

209

(1)

2 Beneficial Effects of ZM on Different Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases

210

(3)

2.1 Stomatitis and Intraoral Ulcers

210

(1)

2.2 Gastric or Duodenal Ulcers

210

(1)

2.3 Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

210

(1)

2.4 Intestinal Infections

211

(1)

2.5 Colon Cancer Chemopreventive Effect

211

(1)

2.6 Hepatoprotective Effects

211

(1)

2.7 Road Mapping for Future Studies and Conclusion

211

(1)

References

212

(1)

18 Influence of a Cocoa-Enriched Diet on the Intestinal Immune System and Microbiota

Mariona Camps-Bossacoma

Malen Massot-Cladera

Francisco J. Perez-Cano

Margarida Castell

1 Introduction

213

(1)

2 Cocoa Composition

213

(1)

3 Cocoa and Gut Microbiota

214

(3)

3.1 Role of Cocoa Flavonoids on Cocoa Microbiota Influence

215

(1)

3.2 Cocoa Fiber and Microbiota

216

(1)

3.3 Cocoa Theobromine and Microbiota

216

(1)

4 Cocoa and the Intestinal Immune System

217

(2)

4.1 Cocoa and the Intestinal Epithelium

217

(1)

4.2 Cocoa and the Intestinal immunoglobulin A

217

(1)

4.3 Cocoa and Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Populations

218

(1)

5 Cocoa in Gastrointestinal Disease and Food Hypersensitivity

219

(2)

5.1 Influence of Cocoa intake in Intestinal Inflammation

219

(1)

5.2 Food Allergy

220

(1)

6 Conclusions

221

(8)

List of Abbreviations

222

(7)

References

222

(7)

Section V Foods and Macro Dietary Materials in GI Function

19 High-Fiber Diets in Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases

Ana Leticia Malheiros Silveira

Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira

Mauro Martins Teixeira

1 Basic Concepts: Dietary Fiber

229

(1)

2 Gastrointestinal Tract and Microbiota Interaction

230

(1)

3 Stomach and Gastritis

231

(1)

3.1 High-Fiber Diet in Gastritis

231

(1)

4 Inflammatory Bowel Disease

232

(6)

4.1 Microbiota and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

232

(1)

4.2 Dietary Fiber in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

233

(5)

5 Mucositis

238

(1)

5.1 Microbiota and Mucositis

239

(1)

5.2 Dietary Fiber in Mucositis

239

(1)

6 Conclusion

239

(6)

References

240

(5)

20 Dietary Interventions in Fatty Liver

Zahra Yari

Azita Hekmatdoost

1 Introduction

245

(1)

2 Soy

245

(1)

3 Egg

246

(1)

4 Nuts

246

(1)

5 Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics

246

(1)

6 Seal Oil (N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids)

247

(1)

7 Flaxseed

248

(1)

8 Curcumin

248

(1)

9 Resveratrol

248

(1)

10 Pomegranate

249

(1)

11 Onion

249

(1)

12 Conclusion

250

(7)

References

250

(7)

21 Rice Bran Usage in Diarrhea

Shaohua Lei

Lijuan Yuan

1 Overall Health Benefits of Rice Bran Dietary Supplement

257

(1)

2 Dietary Rice Bran Supplementation in Reducing Diarrhea

257

(2)

2.1 Diarrhea in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

257

(1)

2.2 Human Rotavirus-Induced Diarrhea

258

(1)

2.3 Human Noroviruses-Induced Diarrhea

259

(1)

3 Mechanisms for Rice Bran Usage in Reducing Diarrhea

259

(2)

3.1 Antimicrobial and Antiviral Activities

260

(1)

3.2 Prebiotic and Microbiota Modulatory Properties

260

(1)

3.3 Effects on Intestinal Immunity and Overall Health

260

(1)

4 Future Perspective

261

(4)

References

261

(4)

22 Milk Bacteria and Gastrointestinal Tract: Microbial Composition of Milk

Aseel T. Issa

Reza Tahergorabi

1 Introduction

265

(1)

2 Sources of Milk Organisms

265

(1)

3 Contamination in the Mammary Glands

265

(1)

4 Contamination Sources in the External Environment

265

(1)

5 Contamination From Handling and Storage Equipment

266

(1)

6 Microbial Composition of Milk From Different Sources

266

(2)

6.1 Cow Milk

266

(1)

6.2 Goat Milk

267

(1)

6.3 Sheep Milk

267

(1)

6.4 Buffalo Milk

267

(1)

6.5 Other Types of Milk

267

(1)

7 Important Microorganisms Found in Raw Milk

268

(2)

7.1 Lactococcus

268

(1)

7.2 Bifidobacterium

269

(1)

7.3 Lactobacillus

269

(1)

7.4 Streptococcus

269

(1)

7.5 Propionibacterium

269

(1)

7.6 Leuconostoc

269

(1)

7.7 Enterococcus

269

(1)

7.8 Gram-Positive Subpopulations

270

(1)

7.9 Gram-Negative Subpopulations

270

(1)

7.10 Fungal Populations

270

(1)

7.11 Psychrotrophic

270

(1)

8 Impact of Storage Conditions and Treatments

270

(2)

8.1 Cold Storage

270

(1)

8.2 Pasteurization

271

(1)

8.3 Bacteriophage

271

(1)

9 Biopreservative Potential of Raw Milk Microorganisms

272

(1)

10 Human Health Association

272

(1)

11 Pathogenic Bacteria Found in Milk

272

(1)

11.1 Listeria monocytogenes

272

(1)

11.2 Staphylococcus aureus

272

(1)

11.3 Escherichia coli

272

(1)

11.4 Salmonella

273

(1)

11.5 Coxiella burnetii

273

(1)

11.6 Mycobacterium bovis

273

(1)

11.7 Brucella

273

(1)

11.8 Filamentous fungi

273

(1)

12 Health-Promoting Bacteria

273

(1)

13 Conclusion

273

(4)

Acknowledgments

274

(1)

References

274

(3)

23 Polyphenols in the Prevention of Ulcerative Colitis: A Revisit

Elroy Saldanha

Arpit Saxena

Kamaljit Kaur

Faizan Kalekhan

Ponemone Venkatesh

Raja Fayad

Suresh Rao

Thomas George

Manjeshwar Shrinath Baliga

1 Introduction

277

(1)

2 Curcumin, the Active Component of Turmeric

277

(1)

3 Resveratrol

278

(1)

4 Quercetin

279

(1)

5 Kaempferol

279

(1)

6 Ellagic Acid

279

(1)

7 Rutoside or Rutin

280

(1)

8 Green Tea Polyphenols in Colitis

280

(2)

9 Grape Seed Polyphenols

282

(1)

10 Silymarin

282

(1)

11 Polyphenols of Apple

282

(2)

12 Cocoa

284

(1)

13 Conclusions

284

(1)

List of Abbreviations

284

(1)

References

285

(4)

Index

289

Ronald Ross Watson, PhD, is Professor of Health Promotion Sciences at the University of Arizona, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health. Dr. Watson began his research in public health at the Harvard School of Public Health as a Fellow in 1971 doing field work on vaccines in Saudi Arabia. He has done clinical studies in Colombia, Iran, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United States which provides a broad international view of public health. He has served in the military reserve hospital for 17 years with extensive training in medical responses to disasters as the chief biochemistry officer of a general hospital, retiring as a Lt. Colonel. He is a distinguished member of several national and international nutrition, immunology, and cancer societies. Dr. Watsons career has involved studying many lifestyle aspects for their uses in health promotion. He has edited over 100 biomedical reference books and 450 papers and chapters. His teaching and research focuses on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs of abuse in heart function and disease in mouse models. Victor R. Preedy BSc, PhD, DSc, FRSB, FRSPH, FRSC, FRCPath graduated with an Honours Degree in Biology and Physiology with Pharmacology. After gaining his University of London PhD, he received his Membership of the Royal College of Pathologists. He was later awarded his second doctorate (DSc), for his contribution to protein metabolism in health and disease. He is Professor of Clinical Biochemistry (Hon) at Kings College Hospital and Emeritus Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry at Kings College London. He has Honorary Professorships at the University of Hull, and the University of Suffolk. Professor Preedy was the Founding Director and then long-term Director of the Genomics Centre at Kings College London from 2006 to 2020. Professor Preedy has been awarded fellowships of the Royal Society of Biology, the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal Society for the Promotion of Health, the Royal Institute of Public Health, the Royal Society for Public Health, the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Royal Society of Medicine. He carried out research when attached to the National Heart Hospital (part of Imperial College London), The School of Pharmacy (now part of University College London) and the MRC Centre at Northwick Park Hospital. He has collaborated with international research groups in Finland, Japan, Australia, USA, and Germany. To his credit, Professor Preedy has published over 750 articles, which includes peer-reviewed manuscripts based on original research, abstracts and symposium presentations, reviews and edited books.

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