Diffuse pollution of water resources has a multi-disciplinary dimension and the measures to prevent and control it are closely inter-related to the development patterns and societal habits of the region. This book aims to bridge the gaps between different specialists working in the field and to present an integrated approach for the solution of diffuse pollution problems. It focuses on cases specific to developing countries and emphasizes the need to pursue environmentally-sustainable development patterns. Basic principles, definitions and approaches are presented, enabling a common language and understanding among professionals in the field. Numerous case studies from the region, mainly related to urban sources of diffuse pollution, are included. They could be regarded as typical for any developing country, suggesting tools and methods to assess and evaluate the extent of diffuse pollution problems. The book is valuable as a supplementary text for undergraduate and postgraduate students whose studies include a component of water resources and environmental engineering and management, including degree courses in Environmental, Civil and Chemical Engineering, Soil Science, Environmental Sciences and Public Health related sciences. It is also a valuable guide for professionals and managers working in the field of Water Resources and Environmental protection.
Preface, List of most common abbreviations, Book overview, List of
contributing authors, CHAPTER 1 DIFFUSE POLLUTION PRINCIPLES, DEFINITIONS
AND REGULATORY ASPECTS, 1.1 Classification of pollution according to
pollution pathways, 1.1.1 Point sources of pollution, 1.1.2 Non-point sources
of pollution, 1.2 Classification according to pollution behavior, 1.3
Classification of pollution according to pollution characteristics, 2
POLLUTANT CONSTITUENTS, 2.1 Physical characteristics, 2.2 Chemical
characteristics, 2.2.1 Inorganic constituents specific ions and gases,
2.2.2 Inorganic constituents nutrients, 2.2.3 Inorganic constituents
metals, 2.2.4 Organic constituents, 2.3 Biological characteristics, 3 DIFFUSE
POLLUTION-GENERATION AND SOURCES, 3.1 Atmospheric depositions, 3.2 Sources of
diffuse pollution in urban areas, 3.2.1 Urban drainage, 3.2.2 Other sources
in urban areas, 3.3 Sources of diffuse pollution in rural areas, 3.4
Pollution concentrations and runoff events, 4 METHODS OF SURFACE RUNOFF
DETERMINATION, 4.1 Rainfall excess and surface runoff, 4.2 Determining
rainfall excess, 4.3 Determining surface runoff, 4.3.1 The rational method,
4.3.2 The unit hydrograph method, 4.4 Rainfall-runoff models, 5 REGULATORY
APPROACHES AND INSTRUMENTS, 5.1 Basic definitions and concepts, 5.2 Basic
approaches, 5.2.1 The Uniform Effluent Standards approach, 5.2.2 The
Receiving Water Quality Objective approach, 5.2.3 The Waste Assimilative
Capacity Concept, 5.3 Setting regulatory instruments, 5.4 Specific aspects of
diffuse pollution regulation, REFERENCES, CHAPTER 2 MONITORING, ABATEMENT AND
MANAGEMENT OF DIFFUSE POLLUTION, 1 IDENTIFYING DIFFUSE POLLUTION, 2
MONITORING AND CONTROL OF WATER QUALITY, 2.1 The closed-loop approach to the
monitoring process, 2.2 Formulation of objectives and goals, 2.3 The network
design, 2.4 The choice of media, parameters and monitoring frequency, 2.5 The
sampling process, 2.6 Methods of testing, 2.7 Quality assurance and
evaluation, 2.8 Data h
Roumiana Hranova has a wide experience of water and wastewater treatment in both Bulgaria and in southern Africa. She is currently Senior Lecturere at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Botswana.
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