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E-raamat: Digging into Software Knowledge Generation in Cultural Heritage: Modeling Assistance Strategies for Large Archaeological Data Sets

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This book focuses on innovative strategies to manage and build software systems for generating new knowledge from large archaeological data sets

The book also reports on two case studies carried out in real-world scenarios within the Cultural Heritage setting. The book presents an original conceptual framework for developing software solutions to assist the knowledge generation process in connection with large archaeological data sets and related cultural heritage information a context in which the inputs are mainly textual sources written in freestyle, i.e. without a predetermined, standard structure.

Following an in-depth exploration of recent works on the knowledge generation process in the above-mentioned context and IT-based options for facilitating it, the book proposes specific new techniques capable of capturing the structure and semantics implicit in such textual sources, and argues for using this information in the knowledge generation process.





The main result is the development of a conceptual framework that can accommodate textual sources and integrate the information included in them into a software engineering framework. The said framework is meant to assist cultural heritage professionals in general, and archaeologists in particular, in both knowledge extraction and the subsequent decision-making process.
Part I Understanding Software Engineering and Archaeology Co-research
1 Introduction
3(6)
Software Engineering and Archaeology, So Far Away?
3(1)
Illustrating Knowledge Generation Based on Archaeological Data
4(2)
Terminology Adoption
6(1)
Book Outline
7(2)
2 Prior Research Design
9(6)
Initial Questions and Goals
9(1)
"Design Science Methodology" in Practice
10(5)
Part II Software Knowledge Generation Foundations
3 Existing Techniques and Tools
15(18)
Introduction
15(1)
Tools for Detecting Conceptual Necessities
16(2)
Conceptual Modeling as Knowledge Representation Technique
16(2)
Tools for Detecting Process Necessities
18(12)
Methods for Extracting and Characterizing Cognitive Processes in Knowledge Generation
19(11)
Tools for Detecting Interaction and Presentation Necessities
30(3)
Determining the Suitability of Interaction and Software Presentation Mechanisms
30(3)
4 Dealing with Archaeological Particularities
33(36)
Introduction
33(1)
Archaeological Consolidated Knowledge Particularities
34(21)
A Methodological Proposal for Integrating Discourse Analysis in Software Engineering
34(21)
Archaeological Cognitive Processes Particularities
55(8)
A Characterization of Cognitive Processes in Archaeology
55(4)
How to Validate Empirically Cognitive Processes in Software Assistance Contexts
59(4)
Archaeological Data Sets Visualization Particularities
63(3)
Approach for Studies of Information Visualization Techniques in Archaeology
63(3)
Conclusions
66(3)
5 Prior Empirical Results
69(40)
Introduction
69(1)
The Design of the Empirical Studies
70(2)
Empirical Studies
72(34)
Tools for Archaeological Process Necessities: Results
72(15)
Tools for Archaeological Interaction and Presentation Necessities: Results
87(19)
Conclusions
106(3)
Part III Software Assistance Strategies for Archaeological Data
6 Framework Overview
109(4)
Introduction
109(1)
Modeling Software Assistance Strategies: Subject Matter, Cognitive Processes and Presentation and Interaction Mechanisms
110(3)
The General Structure
110(3)
7 Archaeological Subject Matter
113(10)
Conceptual Modeling for Archaeological Data Sets
113(1)
CHARM (Cultural Heritage Abstract Reference Model)
113(7)
The Characteristics of CHARM
114(2)
CHARM's Extension Mechanisms
116(2)
Other Structural Aspects in CHARM
118(2)
Our Proposal: CHARM as the Basis for the Knowledge Generation
120(2)
The Use of the Package Mechanism
121(1)
The Use of the Cluster Mechanism
121(1)
Conclusions
122(1)
8 Cognitive Processes
123(4)
Introduction
123(1)
Expressing Archaeological Cognitive Processes
123(2)
Conclusions
125(2)
9 Presentation and Interaction Mechanisms
127(44)
Introduction
127(1)
Formal Representation in Software Presentation and Interaction for Data Analysis
128(2)
Some Challenges in Archaeological Data Analysis
130(1)
Design Patterns for Archaeological Data Analysis
131(12)
Level 1 Data-Analysis Interaction Unit
132(1)
Level 2 Structure IU
133(1)
Level 2 Value-Combination IU
134(1)
Level 2 Conglomerate IU
134(1)
Level 2 Trend IU
135(1)
Level 2 Timeline IU
136(1)
Level 2 Geographic Area IU
136(1)
Level 2 Sequential IU
137(1)
Level 3 Row Aggregation Pattern
137(1)
Level 3 Column Aggregation Pattern
138(1)
Level 3 Set Pattern
138(1)
Level 3 Additional Information Pattern
138(1)
Level 3 First Focus Pattern
139(1)
Level 3 Colour Assignment Pattern
139(1)
Level 3 Size Assignment Pattern
140(1)
Level 3 Scale Relation Pattern
140(1)
Level 3 Fuzzy Control Pattern
141(2)
Applying Design Patterns in Archaeology
143(25)
Structure IU
144(3)
Value-Combination IU
147(4)
Conglomerate IU
151(3)
Trend IU
154(3)
Timeline IU
157(3)
Geographic Area IU
160(2)
Sequential IU
162(6)
Conclusions
168(3)
10 Integration, Interoperability and Consistency Between Framework Models
171(14)
Introduction
171(1)
Existing Works on Expressing Connections Between Models
172(2)
Our Approach Based on Interoperability
174(3)
The Integration Metamodel
177(2)
Interoperability Guidelines
179(2)
Conclusions
181(4)
Part IV Archaeological Applications in Practice
11 Analytical Validation: A Romea as a Case Study
185(30)
Introduction
185(1)
A Romea as a Case Study: A General Overview
186(1)
Description of the Site and the Associated Archaeological Research
187(3)
A Romea: Subject Model
190(13)
A Romea: Cognitive Processes Model
203(1)
A Romea: Presentation and Interaction Model
204(2)
A Romea: Integration, Interoperability and Consistency Between Models
206(2)
Obtaining Information on Integration
208(3)
Implementing Interoperability
211(2)
Conclusions
213(2)
12 Empirical Validation
215(78)
Introduction
215(1)
Prototyping Process and Prototype Characteristics
216(3)
A Romea Prototype Database Implementation
219(5)
The Subject Model
224(13)
Validation Methodology
237(49)
The Validation Process
237(49)
Conclusions
286(7)
Part V Final Considerations
13 Discussion
293(8)
Introduction
293(1)
Answering the Initial Questions
293(4)
First Secondary Question Archaeological Knowledge Generation Problems
294(1)
Second Secondary Question Archaeological Cognitive Processes
295(1)
Third Secondary Question Information Visualization Techniques for Large Archaeological Data Sets
296(1)
Final Discussion
296(1)
A Critical Analysis
297(4)
14 Conclusions
301(6)
Summary
301(2)
Looking Beyond: The Future of Software-Assisted Knowledge Generation Based on Archaeological Data
303(4)
References 307