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E-raamat: Discovery-Based Learning in the Life Sciences

(Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY)
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  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jun-2015
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118907245
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  • Formaat: EPUB+DRM
  • Ilmumisaeg: 30-Jun-2015
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118907245
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For nearly a decade, scientists, educators, and policy makers have issued a call to college biology professors to transform undergraduate life sciences education. As a gateway science for many undergraduate students, biology courses are crucial to address many of the challenges we face, such as climate change, sustainable food supply and fresh water, and emerging Public health issues.

While canned laboratories and cook book approaches to college science education do teach students to operate equipment, make accurate measurements, and work well with numbers, they do not teach students how to take a scientific approach to an area of interest about the natural world. Science is more than just techniques, measurements, and facts; science is critical thinking and interpretation, which are essential to scientific research.

Discovery-Based Learning in the Life Sciences presents a different way of organizing and developing biology teaching laboratories to promote both deep learning and understanding of core concepts, while still teaching the creative process of science.

In eight chapters, this text guides undergraduate instructors in creating their own discovery-based experiments. The first chapter introduces the text, delving into the necessity of science education reform. The chapters that follow address pedagogical goals and desired outcomes, incorporating discovery-based laboratory experiences, realistic constraints on such laboratory experiments, model scenarios, and alternative ways to enhance student understanding. The book concludes with a reflection on four imperatives in life science research-- climate, food, energy, and health-- and how we can use these laboratory experiments to address them.

Discovery-Based Learning in the Life Sciences is an invaluable guide for undergraduate instructors in the life sciences aiming to revamp their curriculum, inspire their students, and prepare them for careers as educated global citizens.

Provides several concrete and implementable discovery-driven laboratory schemes that faculty can adopt for their own courses

Expands upon how one can go about revising or changing an existing course curriculum to incorporate a discovery-based approach

Explores novel approaches to unify classroom content goals with student experiential approaches to learning the processes of science that are found in the laboratory

Gives examples of successful approaches at both the introductory and the intermediate levels of instruction in the life sciences that can be readily adapted for use in multiple settings

This guide offers undergraduate biology and life sciences instructors an innovative method for designing a program of biology teaching laboratories that teach students not only technical skills, but also provide students with a conceptual and experiential framework for developing scientific curiosity, using the scientific method, designing their own experiments, and interpreting and applying facts and results. Early chapters of the guide explain how to restructure existing introductory and intermediate life sciences courses and provide lesson modules on areas such as the biological arms race, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diseases. Later chapters suggest ways to completely reconfigure introductory courses to emphasize evolution, structure/function relationships, energy transformations, information storage and transfer, and systems. The book includes b&w and color images and photos. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

For nearly a decade, scientists, educators and policy makers have issued a call to college biology professors to transform undergraduate life sciences education. As a gateway science for many undergraduate students, biology courses are crucial to addressing many of the challenges we face, such as climate change, sustainable food supply and fresh water and emerging public health issues.

While canned laboratories and cook-book approaches to college science education do teach students to operate equipment, make accurate measurements and work well with numbers, they do not teach students how to take a scientific approach to an area of interest about the natural world. Science is more than just techniques, measurements and facts; science is critical thinking and interpretation, which are essential to scientific research.

Discovery-Based Learning in the Life Sciences presents a different way of organizing and developing biology teaching laboratories, to promote both deep learning and understanding of core concepts, while still teaching the creative process of science.

In eight chapters, the text guides undergraduate instructors in creating their own discovery-based experiments. The first chapter introduces the text, delving into the necessity of science education reform. The chapters that follow address pedagogical goals and desired outcomes, incorporating discovery-based laboratory experiences, realistic constraints on such lab experiments, model scenarios, and alternate ways to enhance student understanding. The book concludes with a reflection on four imperatives in life science research-- climate, food, energy and health-- and how we can use these laboratory experiments to address them.

Discovery-Based Learning in the Life Sciences is an invaluable guide for undergraduate instructors in the life sciences aiming to revamp their curriculum, inspire their students and prepare them for careers as educated global citizens.
Acknowledgments xiii
1 The New Life Sciences 1(14)
The Challenges We Face in Teaching the New Biology
2(3)
Visions of Change
5(1)
Need for Structural Change
6(2)
Conceptual Organization of Introductory Biology
8(2)
Learning and Mastering
10(3)
Further Reading
13(2)
2 Changing Goals and Outcomes in Introductory Life Science Course Laboratories 15(18)
The Introductory Science Course Experience That We Have
15(1)
How Science is Actually Done
15(3)
Challenges to Successful Science Teaching
18(3)
Pre-College Preparation Disparities
18(1)
Avoiding the Textbook as the Organizer of Your Course
18(2)
Weaning Away from Content-Heavy Lectures
20(1)
The Elements of Successful Science Learning
21(2)
Student Autonomy
21(1)
Relevance
21(1)
Student Investment
21(1)
Sustained Engagement
22(1)
Understanding Through Teaching
23(1)
Two Re-organizational Schemes for an Introductory Biology Course
23(4)
Re-organizational Scheme 1: Putting the Classroom First
23(3)
Re-organizational Scheme 2: Putting the Laboratory First
26(1)
Example Topic: Biological Arms Races (Conceptual Areas: Structure and Function, Information Storage and Transfer, Evolution, Systems)
27(1)
What Do These Scenarios have in Common? What is Going on?
28(2)
Classroom Support for the Laboratory Work
29(1)
Summary
30(1)
Further Reading
31(2)
3 Incorporating Discovery-Based Laboratory Experiences at the Introductory Level 33(30)
The Reality of Introductory Biology Laboratories
37(1)
Converting the Survey Approach to Biology Techniques into Discovery-Based Experiences that Emphasize Concepts
38(3)
Module 1: What are the Effects of Different Aspects of Climate Change or Other Anthropogenic Changes on Plant Primary Productivity?
41(7)
Weeks 1 and 2: Observing Plant Cells and Measuring Plant Primary Productivity -Two Laboratory Weeks
42(2)
Simple Assays of Photosynthesis/Primary Productivity
44(2)
Week 3: Designing Independent Experiments to Explore the Effects of Climate Change on Primary Productivity in Green Plants
46(1)
Week 4 and 5: Student-designed Discovery-based Experiments and Data Analysis
46(1)
Week 6: Field Observations of Plant Communities in Areas Exposed to Fertilizer Run-off or Other Human Activity such as Road Salt Application in the Winter
47(1)
Assessments
47(1)
Module 2: How Does Antibiotic Resistance Develop?
48(6)
Week 1: Observing cell division; Measuring bacterial Growth and Introduction to Sterile Techniques
49(1)
Week 2: Plate Assay or Turbidity Measurements to Examine Antibiotic Resistance, Design of Selection Experiments
50(2)
Weeks 3-5: Independent Experiments Examining Antibiotic Resistance
52(2)
Week 6-7: Continued Experiments if Time Permits
54(1)
Assessments
54(1)
Module 3: Self-Discovery Explorations of Human Diseases Caused by Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
54(6)
Week 1: Student Investigation Specific Aims and Goals -Use of Bioinformatics to Explore Genetic Diseases Associated with SNPs
56(2)
Weeks 2 and 3: SNP Analysis for TASR 38 or cdk3 Using Polymerase Chain Reaction
58(1)
Assessment Ideas
58(2)
Summary
60(1)
Further Reading
60(3)
4 The Constraints and Realities of Discovery-Based Laboratories 63(18)
Instructor Expertise
63(2)
Time
65(5)
Preparation Time
66(1)
Student Time In and Out of the Laboratory
66(2)
Time for Class and Laboratory -the Schedule of Classes
68(1)
Time of Academic Year
69(1)
The Physical Arrangement of the Teaching Laboratory
70(1)
Class Size
71(1)
Number of Laboratory Sections
72(1)
Resources for Discovery-Based Laboratories
72(1)
Organisms
73(3)
Equipment
76(1)
Safety Considerations for Independent Projects
76(1)
Transportation for Field-Based Studies
76(1)
Preparatory Staff
77(1)
Student Interns/TAs
78(1)
Summary
78(1)
Further Reading
78(3)
5 A Model Introductory Biology Course 81(22)
Instructor Group Meetings
81(1)
Shared Course Materials
82(1)
Flexible Design Allows for the Introduction of New Modules
82(1)
Overall Conceptual Organization
83(1)
Laboratory Modules for the First Edition of "Introduction to Biological Investigation"
84(11)
Module 1: Caenorhabditis elegans: From Genes to Behavior
84(5)
Module 2: Cyanogenic Clover: Genetic Variation and Natural Selection
89(4)
Module 3: Biodiversity and Soil Microbial Ecology
93(2)
Additional Laboratory Modules
95(4)
Module 4: Personal Genomics: Understanding Individual Genetic Variation
96(1)
Module 5: Behavioral Variations Within a Species
97(2)
Assessment of Learning of Core Concepts and Skills
99(2)
Student Evaluation of the Course
99(1)
Faculty Concerns and Discomforts
100(1)
Further Reading
101(2)
6 Two Model Scenarios for an Intermediate-Level Life Science Course 103(12)
Model 1: Exploration of Gerontogenes and Behavior
105(2)
Assessment of Skills and Student Learning
107(1)
Model 2: How do Common Lawn Chemicals Affect the Behavior and the Nervous System of C. elegans?
107(6)
Summary of the Format
110(1)
Assessment of Student Learning
110(1)
Goal 1: Achieve a Solid Foundation in the Experimental Approaches to a Variety of Current Research Questions in Neuroscience and Behavior
111(1)
Goal 2: Achieve a Sophisticated Ability to Read and Interpret the Primary Experimental Literature
111(1)
Goal 3: Formulate a Hypothesis, Design and Conduct a Multilevel Experimental Project Over Several Weeks to Discover New Information About the Relationship Between Genes and Behavior
111(1)
Goal 4: Perform and Understand Appropriate Statistical Analysis of Behavioral Data, Gain Confidence in the Use and Limitations of Model Organisms, Computational and Bioinformatics Approaches to Examining Complex Relationships Between Genes and Behavior
112(1)
Goal 5: Become Facile in the "Language" of Neuroscience and Behavior, with a Thorough Mastery of our Chosen Subtopics, as Well as a Keen Ability to Speak and Write on the Discipline
112(1)
Further Reading
113(2)
7 Assessments and Why They Are Important 115(16)
What is Assessment?
115(1)
Student Learning Assessments
116(4)
Course-Based Assessments
120(6)
Example 1: Assessment of Discovery-Based Introductory Biology Course
122(2)
Example 2: Assessment of a Redesigned Introductory Cell Biology Course Using Pretesting and Post-Testing
124(2)
Instructor Quality Assessments
126(1)
Interpreting the Data
127(1)
What to do with the Data?
128(1)
Further Reading
129(2)
8 Fully Incorporating Vision and Change 131(18)
The Anthropocene and the Importance of Biology Literacy
131(1)
Limited Resources Constrain the Discovery Laboratory for All
132(1)
Alternative Approaches
133(1)
Envisioning Introductory Biology for the Science-Literate Citizen
134(1)
Introductory Life Sciences: The Discovery-Based Classroom
135(2)
Organizing the Discovery-Based Classroom: An Introductory Life Science Course for All Students
137(6)
Unit One: Food and Energy
137(3)
Unit Two: Climate Change and Other Human Impacts
140(2)
Unit Three: Health and Disease
142(1)
Summary of This
Chapter
143(1)
Combining Science Literacy Training with Science Career Training
144(1)
Concluding Thoughts
145(1)
Further Reading
146(3)
Appendix A: Laboratory Instructions for Behavioral Experiments Using Caenorhabditis elegans 149(8)
Learning Goals and Expectations
150(7)
Part 1: Initial Behavioral Observations of Wild-Type and Mutant Worms
150(1)
Workshop 1A: Mechanosensory Behavior Experiments and Statistical Analysis
150(3)
Workshop 1B: Chemosensory Behavioral Experiment and Statistical Analysis
153(4)
Appendix B: Instructions for Microscopy Workshop 157(4)
Assignment for Workshop 2
158(3)
Procedure for Preparing Wet Mounts of C. elegans
158(3)
Index 161
Kathleen Raley-Susman is Professor of Biology on the Jacob P. Giraud Jr. Endowed Chair of Natural History at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, NY, where she teaches introductory biology courses as well as courses in biopsychology and neuroscience and behavior. She earned her PhD from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Dr. Susman also serves as a manuscript reviewer for the Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal of Neurophysiology, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism, Brain Research, and Neuroscience. While she has not published a book on her own, she has contributited chapters to edited volumes and has published extensively in a wide array of journals, including the Journal of Visualized Experiments, Neurotoxicology, and Cell Biology Education: Life Sciences Education (the latter of which appeared on the cover of the journal issue).