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E-raamat: Doing Surveys Online

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  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Nov-2015
  • Kirjastus: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781473947696
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Doing Surveys OnlineSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 280 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 02-Nov-2015
  • Kirjastus: Sage Publications Ltd
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781473947696
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Vera Toepoel’s practical, how-to guide to doing surveys online takes you through the entire process of using surveys, from systematically recruiting respondents, to designing the internet survey, to processing the survey data and writing it up.

This book helps students and researchers in identifying possible strategies to make the best use of online surveys, providing pro’s and con’s, and do’s and don’ts for each strategy. It also explores the latest opportunities and developments that have arisen in the field of online surveys, including using social networks, and provides expert guidance and examples of best practice throughout.

Suitable for those starting a research project or conducting a survey in a professional capacity, this book is the ideal go-to reference for anyone using internet surveys, be it a beginner or a more experienced survey researcher.



By suggesting the pros and cons and do's and don'ts for each strategy, as well as covering all recent opportunities and developments in the field, this book helps readers to ensure they are getting the most out of the surveying they are doing online.

Arvustused

Doing Surveys Online is an authoritative yet easily accessible primer covering all aspects of how to conduct good, rigorous web-based surveys.  In it, Vera Toepoel clearly and concisely summarizes the state of the art using the most up-to-date and authoritative research sources. This book should be required reading for anyone contemplating conducting an online survey. -- Ron Fricker Vera Toepoel indeed achieves her aim to provide a single resource for conducting online surveys with this book. The result is an excellent, comprehensive and thoughtful research handbook. It will make a good reference point for any survey methods course, and the training of research students, and active researchers who aspire to employ online surveys.



  -- Maria Pampaka This book covers all the steps needed to conduct surveys with a focus on the online mode. With didactically well-prepared features, the volume is a valuable source for university students and teachers alike, as well as a handy and usable toolbox for beginning practitioners. A comprehensive and comprehensible read. -- Lars Kaczmirek

List of tables xv
List of figures xvii
Preface xx
Acknowledgements xxi
1 Introduction to Online Surveys 1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Online surveys for quantitative and qualitative research
2(2)
1.2.1 Quantitative online research
2(1)
1.2.2 Qualitative online research
3(1)
1.3 Different types of Web surveys
4(3)
1.3.1 Non-probability Web surveys
4(1)
1.3.2 Probability-based Web surveys
5(2)
1.4 Total survey error
7(3)
1.4.1 Measurement error
8(1)
1.4.2 Non-response error
9(1)
1.4.3 Coverage error
9(1)
1.4.4 Sampling error
10(1)
1.5 Dimension differences between modes
10(2)
1.5.1 Degree of interviewer involvement
11(1)
1.5.2 Degree of interaction with the respondent
11(1)
1.5.3 Degree of privacy
11(1)
1.5.4 Channels of communication
12(1)
1.5.5 The use of technology
12(1)
1.6 Internet penetration over time and place
12(3)
1.7 Web surveys on mobile devices
15(1)
Summary
16(1)
Key terms
16(1)
Exercises
17(2)
2 Developing the Survey: Questions and Answers 19(20)
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Psychology of asking questions
21(3)
2.3 From research objectives to constructs to questions
24(6)
2.3.1 Research objectives
24(1)
2.3.2 Constructs
25(1)
2.3.3 Questions
25(5)
2.4 Answer options
30(3)
2.4.1 Open-ended
30(1)
2.4.2 Closed-ended ordered
30(2)
2.4.3 Closed-ended unordered
32(1)
2.5 Ordering of the questions
33(1)
2.6 Introduction to the questionnaire and thank you message
34(2)
2.7 Pretesting the questionnaire
36(1)
Summary
36(1)
Key terms
36(1)
Exercises
37(2)
3 Ethical Considerations 39(14)
3.1 Introduction
40(1)
3.2 Ethical obligations to the respondents
41(2)
3.2.1 Confidentiality, anonymity and privacy
41(1)
3.2.2 Informed consent
42(1)
3.2.3 Deception
42(1)
3.2.4 Debriefing
43(1)
3.3 Ethical issues involving the reporting of the results
43(2)
3.3.1 Data falsification or fabrication
44(1)
3.3.2 Plagiarism
44(1)
3.3.3 Redundant publication
44(1)
3.4 Ethics and the Internet
45(5)
3.4.1 Internet tracking
45(1)
3.4.2 Obtaining informed consent in Web surveys
46(1)
3.4.3 Debriefing in Web surveys
46(1)
3.4.4 Threatened confidentiality
47(1)
3.4.5 Collection of paradata
47(1)
3.4.6 Issues arising from identification problems: Protection of children
48(1)
3.4.7 Multiple submissions
49(1)
Summary
50(1)
Key terms
50(1)
Exercises
51(2)
4 Sampling 53(15)
4.1 Introduction
54(1)
4.2 Population
55(1)
4.3 Sampling frame
55(1)
4.4 Quality of the list
56(1)
4.5 Types of samples
57(3)
4.5.1 Probability samples
58(1)
4.5.2 Non-probability samples
59(1)
4.6 Determining sample size
60(6)
4.6.1 Probability level
61(1)
4.6.2 Variance
61(1)
4.6.3 Confidence interval
61(1)
4.6.4 Power
62(3)
4.6.5 Sample size for non-probability samples
65(1)
4.6.6 Drawing a sample
65(1)
Summary
66(1)
Key terms
66(1)
Exercises
66(2)
5 Using a Panel in Your Research 68(19)
5.1 Introduction
69(1)
5.2 Probability versus non-probability-based panels
70(4)
5.3 Recruitment
74(4)
5.3.1 Offline recruitment: Face-to-face, telephone or paper-and-pencil
74(1)
5.3.2 Online recruitment
75(1)
5.3.3 Optimal strategy for recruitment
76(2)
5.4 Designing the panel invitation
78(3)
5.4.1 Sender
78(1)
5.4.2 Text
79(2)
5.5 Panel management system
81(1)
5.6 Household or individual panel
81(3)
5.6.1 Dependence of observations within households
82(1)
5.6.2 Household composition changes over time
82(1)
5.6.3 Multilevel models for household panel data
83(1)
Summary
84(1)
Key terms
85(1)
Exercises
85(2)
6 Comparative Survey Research 87(20)
6.1 Introduction
88(1)
6.2 Cross-national and cross-cultural surveys
88(3)
6.2.1 Reasons for cross-national and cross-cultural surveys
89(1)
6.2.2 Cross-national and cross-cultural design
89(1)
6.2.3 Consequences of cross-national or cross-cultural designs
90(1)
6.3 Longitudinal surveys
91(3)
6.3.1 Reasons for longitudinal surveys
91(1)
6.3.2 Design of longitudinal surveys
91(1)
6.3.3 Consequences of longitudinal surveys
92(2)
6.4 Mixed-mode surveys
94(6)
6.4.1 Reasons for using mixed-mode surveys
94(1)
6.4.2 Mixed-mode designs
95(3)
6.4.3 Consequences of using mixed-mode designs
98(2)
6.5 Mixed-device surveys
100(3)
6.5.1 Reasons for mixed-device surveys
100(1)
6.5.2 Design of mixed-device surveys
101(1)
6.5.3 Consequences of mixed-device surveys
102(1)
Summary
103(1)
Key terms
104(1)
Exercises
104(3)
7 Incentives for Respondents 107(11)
7.1 Introduction
108(1)
7.2 Why incentives should work
108(1)
7.3 Types of incentives
109(3)
7.4 Amount of incentives
112(1)
7.5 Survey mode and longitudinal effects
113(1)
Summary
114(1)
Key terms
114(1)
Exercises
115(3)
8 Selecting Survey Software 118(18)
8.1 Introduction
119(1)
8.2 Types of software
119(4)
8.2.1 Web survey software
119(2)
8.2.2 Do-it-yourself
121(1)
8.2.3 Software without hosting
122(1)
8.2.4 Form-creation websites
122(1)
8.3 Price
123(7)
8.3.1 Low-budget
125(2)
8.3.2 Mid-range budget
127(2)
8.3.3 Big-budget software
129(1)
8.4 Analysis
130(2)
8.4.1 Data format
130(1)
8.4.2 Basic analyses
131(1)
8.4.3 Full-featured analyses
131(1)
8.5 Integration
132(1)
8.5.1 Mail surveys
132(1)
8.5.2 Telephone surveys
132(1)
8.6 Other features to consider
133(1)
8.6.1 Language support
133(1)
8.6.2 Personal templates
133(1)
8.6.3 Additional contacts
133(1)
8.6.4 Accessibility options
133(1)
Summary
134(1)
Key terms
134(1)
Exercises
134(2)
9 Programming the Survey 136(24)
9.1 Introduction
137(1)
9.2 Survey layout
137(1)
9.3 Access control
138(1)
9.4 Scrolling versus paging design
138(3)
9.5 Welcome screen and thank you message
141(1)
9.6 Answer formats
142(7)
9.6.1 Radio buttons
142(2)
9.6.2 Checkboxes
144(1)
9.6.3 Dropdown menus
145(1)
9.6.4 Slider bars and visual analogue scales
146(1)
9.6.5 Text fields
147(1)
9.6.6 Grids or matrixes
148(1)
9.6.7 Labelling of scalar questions
148(1)
9.7 Visual design things you need to know
149(1)
9.8 Question and instruction text
150(1)
9.9 Routing
151(1)
9.10 Empty answers
152(1)
9.11 Going back in the survey
152(1)
9.12 Error messages
153(1)
9.13 Don't know and won't tell
153(1)
9.14 Interactive features
153(1)
9.15 Progress indicator
154(1)
9.16 Randomizations
155(1)
9.17 Fills
155(1)
9.18 Numbering
155(1)
9.19 Dependent interviewing
155(1)
9.20 Paradata
156(1)
9.21 Pretesting
157(1)
Summary
157(1)
Key terms
157(1)
Exercises
158(2)
10 Fieldwork 160(15)
10.1 Introduction
161(1)
10.2 Planning
161(1)
10.3 Offline draft of the questionnaire
162(1)
10.4 Programming
162(1)
10.5 Pretesting
162(1)
10.6 Respondent recruitment
163(4)
10.6.1 Invitation
164(1)
10.6.2 Sender
164(1)
10.6.3 Subject
165(1)
10.6.4 Body of text
165(2)
10.7 Fieldwork period
167(2)
10.8 Response rates
169(2)
10.9 Cleaning data
171(1)
10.10 Analysing and writing a report
172(1)
Summary
173(1)
Key terms
173(1)
Exercises
173(2)
11 Processing and Cleaning the Data 175(17)
11.1 Introduction
176(1)
11.2 Processing
176(1)
11.3 Data cleaning
177(10)
11.3.1 Screening
177(4)
11.3.2 Diagnostics: Strange patterns
181(3)
11.3.3 Treatment
184(3)
11.4 Codebook
187(3)
Summary
190(1)
Key terms
191(1)
Exercises
191(1)
12 Weighting Survey Data 192(14)
12.1 Introduction
194(1)
12.2 What is weighting?
194(6)
12.2.1 Post-stratification weighting
195(4)
12.2.2 Propensity score adjustment
199(1)
12.3 Reasons for weighting
200(1)
12.4 Selection of auxiliary information (weighting variables)
201(3)
12.4.1 Sociodemographic variables
202(1)
12.4.2 Webographic or psychographic variables
203(1)
12.5 Reference survey
204(1)
Summary
204(1)
Key terms
205(1)
Exercises
205(1)
13 Reporting Survey Results 206(24)
13.1 Introduction
207(1)
13.2 The written survey report
207(6)
13.2.1 Title page
208(1)
13.2.2 Abstract
208(1)
13.2.3 Introduction
209(1)
13.2.4 Methods
209(1)
13.2.5 Results
210(2)
13.2.6 Discussion and conclusion
212(1)
13.2.7 List of references
212(1)
13.2.8 Appendix
212(1)
13.2.9 Other sections and general recommendations
212(1)
13.3 Oral presentations using PowerPoint
213(3)
13.3.1 Structure of the presentation
213(1)
13.3.2 Preparing slides
213(3)
13.4 Poster exhibits
216(1)
13.5 Visual tools
217(11)
13.5.1 Nominal data
217(5)
13.5.2 Ordinal data
222(1)
13.5.3 Continuous data
223(4)
13.5.4 Formatting tables
227(1)
Summary
228(1)
Key terms
228(1)
Exercises
228(2)
14 Making Data Available to Others 230(10)
14.1 Introduction: Why open data?
230(2)
14.2 Copyright and ownership of data
232(1)
14.3 Preparing data
232(4)
14.3.1 Which information should be saved?
232(4)
14.4 Publishing data
236(3)
Summary
239(1)
Key terms
239(1)
Exercises
239(1)
15 The Future of Web Surveys 240(13)
15.1 Introduction
241(1)
15.2 The use of new devices
241(4)
15.2.1 Completing surveys on multiple devices
243(1)
15.2.2 Usability of new devices for survey completion
243(1)
15.2.3 Mobile phone: A synthesis of all other survey modes?
244(1)
15.3 Rethink the concept of a survey
245(1)
15.4 Use of existing data
246(3)
15.4.1 Big data
246(3)
15.4.2 Secondary data
249(1)
15.5 New technologies and privacy
249(2)
Summary
251(1)
Key terms
251(1)
Exercises
251(2)
Index 253
Vera Toepoel is assistant professor at the Department of Methods and Statistics at Utrecht University. She obtained her PhD on Online Questionnaire Design from Tilburg University, the Netherlands. She teaches courses on methods & statistics and survey research in particular on all levels. Furthermore, she is the author of the book Doing Surveys Online published by Sage.
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