| Preface |
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xi | |
| Author |
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xiii | |
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Chapter 1 Homeostasis of Dopamine |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (5) |
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1.2.1 Tyrosine hydroxylase |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.3.2 Catechol-O-methyltransferase |
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9 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases |
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10 | (2) |
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1.4 Membrane And Vesicular Transporters |
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12 | (7) |
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1.4.1 Transporters of monoamine neurotransmitters |
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12 | (2) |
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1.4.2 The dopamine transporter |
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14 | (1) |
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1.4.3 Pharmacology of DAT |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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1.4.5 Vesicular monoamine transporters |
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16 | (2) |
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1.4.6 Organic cation transporters and plasma membrane monoamine transporters |
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18 | (1) |
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1.5 Storage, Release, And Reuptake |
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19 | (5) |
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1.5.1 Functional coupling between DA synthesis and storage |
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19 | (1) |
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1.5.2 Characteristics of synaptic vs. secretory vesicles |
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20 | (2) |
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1.5.3 Mechanism of exocytosis |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Dopamine Receptors, Signaling Pathways, and Drugs |
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27 | (28) |
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27 | (1) |
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2.2 Dopamine Receptors: Structure-Function Relationship |
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28 | (14) |
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2.2.1 Overview of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Structural and functional classification of the GPCRs |
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29 | (1) |
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2.2.3 Coupling of the GPCRs to G proteins |
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30 | (3) |
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2.2.4 General characteristics and regulation of the DARs |
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33 | (3) |
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2.2.5 Specific properties and brain distribution of D1-like receptors |
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36 | (2) |
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2.2.6 Specific properties and brain distribution of D2-like receptors |
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38 | (2) |
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2.2.7 DAR oligomerization, desensitization, and constitutive activity |
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40 | (2) |
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2.3 Canonical Versus Noncanonical Signaling By Dar Subtypes |
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42 | (4) |
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2.3.1 The consequences of DAR coupling to G proteins |
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42 | (1) |
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2.3.2 The adenylate cyclase/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway |
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43 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Cross-talk of multiple signaling pathways |
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44 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Role of the cGMP pathway |
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45 | (1) |
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2.4 Dar Agonists And Antagonists |
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46 | (4) |
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2.4.1 Overview of DAR-selective ligands |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Atypical antipsychotics |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.5 Peripheral dopaminergic altering drugs |
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49 | (1) |
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2.5 Dopamine Receptor Knockout Mice |
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50 | (1) |
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2.5.1 Phenotypes of individual DAR-KO mice |
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50 | (1) |
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2.5.2 D2R deletion and pituitary functions |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Distribution and Characteristics of Brain Dopamine |
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55 | (26) |
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55 | (1) |
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3.2 Noradrenergic And Adrenergic Neurons |
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56 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Historical perspectives |
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56 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Distribution and major functions of the brain noradrenergic neurons |
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58 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Distribution and major functions of the brain adrenergic neurons |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (5) |
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3.3.1 Classification of the brain dopaminergic neurons |
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60 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Mesocortical, mesolimbic, and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways |
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61 | (2) |
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3.3.3 Retinal, olfactory, and pineal dopaminergic neurons |
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63 | (2) |
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3.4 The Hypothalamus: Structure And Functions |
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65 | (6) |
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3.4.1 Anatomy of the hypothalamus |
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65 | (1) |
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3.4.2 The hypothalamic nuclei: Locations and major neuroendocrine functions |
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66 | (4) |
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3.4.3 Catecholaminergic innervation of the hypothalamus |
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70 | (1) |
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3.5 The Hypothalamo-Pituitary Complex: Neural And Vascular Connections |
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71 | (7) |
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3.5.1 Functional anatomy of the hypothalamo-pituitary complex |
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71 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Embryonic development and gross anatomy of the pituitary gland |
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72 | (1) |
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3.5.3 The hypothalamo-pituitary complex: Neural connections and DA concentrations |
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73 | (2) |
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3.5.4 The hypothalamo-pituitary complex: Vascular connections and DA levels in portal blood |
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75 | (3) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Endocrine Functions of Brain Dopamine |
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81 | (38) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (8) |
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4.2.1 Circadian rhythms and their impact on health and disease |
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82 | (2) |
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4.2.2 The neurocircuitry that controls circadian rhythms and the role of dopamine |
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84 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Dopamine and retinal rhythmicity |
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84 | (1) |
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4.2.4 Dopamine and the suprachiasmatic nucleus |
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85 | (1) |
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4.2.5 Effects of DA on the pineal: Regulation of melatonin synthesis and release |
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86 | (2) |
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4.2.6 Effects of dopamine on the circadian rhythms of circulating hormones |
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88 | (2) |
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4.3 The Neuroendocrine Stress Response |
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90 | (8) |
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4.3.1 Time-related, multi-facetted activation of the stress response |
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90 | (2) |
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4.3.2 Central dopamine and the stress response: Interactions with the HPA axis |
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92 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Circulating dopamine and the stress response |
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94 | (1) |
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4.3.4 Dopamine and the stress response: Interactions with sexually dimorphic hormones |
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95 | (3) |
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4.4 Food Intake And Metabolic Homeostasis |
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98 | (9) |
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4.4.1 Control of body weight and the consequences of dysregulation of food intake |
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98 | (1) |
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4.4.2 The hypothalamus: A major relay station that controls feeding behavior |
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98 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Leptin, a major suppressor of appetite |
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101 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Pancreatic hormones: Insulin and amylin |
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102 | (2) |
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4.4.5 Gastrointestinal hormones involved in the regulation of food intake |
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104 | (1) |
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4.4.6 Involvement of dopamine in the control of feeding behavior |
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105 | (2) |
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4.5 Neuroendocrine Regulation Of Reproduction And Sexual/Maternal Behavior |
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107 | (8) |
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4.5.1 Synthesis of GnRH, origin and migration of GnRH neurons, and genetic dysfunctions |
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108 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Kisspeptins, GnRH pulsatility, and the role of dopamine |
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108 | (2) |
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4.5.3 Reproductive functions of PRL and reciprocal interactions with dopamine |
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110 | (2) |
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4.5.4 Hyperprolactinemia and the suppression of GnRH release |
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112 | (1) |
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4.5.5 Regulation of sexual and maternal behavior |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Regulation of the Pituitary Gland by Dopamine |
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119 | (40) |
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119 | (1) |
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5.2 Neural Lobe Hormones: Vasopressin And Oxytocin |
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119 | (8) |
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5.2.1 Ontogeny and composition of the posterior pituitary (neurointermediate lobe) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.2.2 Synthesis, transport, and processing of the neurohypophysial hormones |
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121 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Vasopressin: Receptors, functions, and regulation |
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123 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Oxytocin: Receptors, physiology, and regulation |
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124 | (2) |
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5.2.5 Effects of dopamine on the neurohypophysial hormones |
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126 | (1) |
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5.3 Intermediate Lobe Hormones: β-Endorphin And α-MSH |
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127 | (2) |
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5.3.1 Structure, innervation and regulation of the intermediate lobe |
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127 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Synthesis and processing of POMC and its derivatives |
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128 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Regulation of intermediate lobe hormones by dopamine |
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128 | (1) |
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5.4 Composition And Ontogeny Of The Anterior Pituitary |
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129 | (4) |
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5.4.1 Anterior pituitary structure, cell types, and dopamine receptors |
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129 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Ontogeny of anterior pituitary cell lineage |
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131 | (2) |
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5.5 Somatolactogenic Hormones: PRL And GH |
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133 | (8) |
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5.5.1 Structure and properties of somatotrophs and lactotrophs |
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134 | (1) |
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5.5.2 PRL: Structure, synthesis, regulation, and functions |
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134 | (4) |
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5.5.3 GH: Structure, synthesis, and regulation |
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138 | (3) |
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5.6 Reproductive Hormones: Lhandfsh |
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141 | (6) |
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5.6.1 The gonadotrophs: Structure, properties, and secretory products |
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142 | (1) |
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5.6.2 GnRH and the GnRH receptor |
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143 | (1) |
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5.6.3 FSH: Structure, synthesis, regulation and functions |
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144 | (1) |
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5.6.4 LH: Structure, synthesis, regulation, and functions |
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145 | (1) |
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5.6.5 Regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitaty-gonadal axis by dopamine |
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146 | (1) |
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5.7 Stress And Metabolic Hormones: ACTH And TSH |
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147 | (7) |
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5.7.1 Corticotrophs and ACTH |
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148 | (1) |
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5.7.2 Major disorders associated with dysfunctions oftheHPAaxis |
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149 | (2) |
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5.7.3 Involvement of dopamine in the regulation oftheHPAaxis |
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151 | (1) |
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5.7.4 Thyrotrophs and TSH |
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151 | (2) |
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5.7.5 Disorders of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis |
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153 | (1) |
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5.7.6 Involvement of dopamine in the regulation of the HPT axis |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Attributes of Peripheral Dopamine and Dopamine Receptors |
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159 | (24) |
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159 | (1) |
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6.2 Sources Of Circulating Dopamine |
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159 | (4) |
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6.2.1 Biosynthesis, storage, release, and metabolism of peripheral catecholamines |
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159 | (1) |
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6.2.2 The origin of circulating dopamine |
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160 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Special characteristics of peripheral dopamine |
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162 | (1) |
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6.3 Unique Characteristics Of Dopamine Sulfate |
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163 | (3) |
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6.3.1 Sulfoconjugation of peripheral dopamine |
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163 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Functions of DA-S and the role of arylsulfatase A |
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164 | (2) |
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6.4 Dopamine Receptors In The Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, And Renal Systems |
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166 | (3) |
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6.4.1 The cardiovascular and renal systems |
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166 | (1) |
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6.4.2 The respiratory system |
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167 | (2) |
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6.5 Dopamine Receptors In The Digestive System And In Organs That Regulate Metabolism |
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169 | (3) |
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6.5.1 The digestive system |
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169 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Metabolic regulation |
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171 | (1) |
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6.6 Dopamine Receptors In Hematopoietic And Immune Systems |
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172 | (2) |
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6.6.1 Dopamine receptors in lymphoid organs |
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172 | (1) |
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6.6.2 Dopamine receptors in peripheral blood lymphocytes |
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173 | (1) |
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6.7 Dopamine Receptors In Skin And Bones |
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174 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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6.7.2 Dopamine receptors in different skin components |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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6.7.4 Dopamine receptors in bone cells |
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175 | (1) |
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6.8 Dopamine Receptors In Male And Female Reproductive Systems |
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176 | (2) |
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6.8.1 Overall features of the reproductive system |
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176 | (1) |
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6.8.2 The male lower reproductive system |
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176 | (1) |
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6.8.3 The female reproductive system |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (4) |
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Chapter 7 Renal, Cardiovascular, and Pulmonary Functions of Dopamine |
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183 | (30) |
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183 | (1) |
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7.2 Renal Fluid Hemodynamics And Hypertension |
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183 | (9) |
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7.2.1 Kidney development and gross anatomy |
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183 | (2) |
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7.2.2 The nephron: Structure-function relationship |
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185 | (1) |
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7.2.3 Urine formation and composition |
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186 | (1) |
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7.2.4 Endocrine regulation of blood pressure by the kidney |
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187 | (2) |
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7.2.5 Dopamine: Roles in essential hypertension and renal hemodynamics |
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189 | (3) |
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7.3 Renal Natriuresis, Oxidative Stress, And Diabetic Nephropathy |
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192 | (5) |
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7.3.1 Central role of the kidney in keeping electrolyte balance and osmolarity |
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192 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Endocrine regulation of natriuresis by the kidney |
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193 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Involvement of dopamine with natriuresis |
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194 | (1) |
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7.3.4 Renal dopamine and oxidative stress |
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195 | (1) |
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7.3.5 Dopamine and diabetic nephropathy |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
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7.4.1 Homeostasis of dopamine in the myocardium |
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197 | (1) |
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7.4.2 Actions of DA on the heart under pathophysiological conditions |
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198 | (1) |
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7.5 Blood Pressure Regulation In Various Vascular Beds |
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199 | (3) |
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7.5.1 Effects of DA on various circulation systems |
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199 | (2) |
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7.5.2 Dopamine and angiogenesis |
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201 | (1) |
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7.6 Respiration And Oxygen-Sensing |
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202 | (3) |
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7.6.1 Dopamine homeostasis in the upper respiratory tract |
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203 | (1) |
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7.6.2 Dopamine involvement in upper airway pathophysiology |
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204 | (1) |
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7.6.3 Dopamine and carotid body functions |
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204 | (1) |
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7.7 Pulmonary Ventilation And Pathophysiology |
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205 | (3) |
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7.7.1 De novo dopamine synthesis in the lung |
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206 | (1) |
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7.7.2 Actions of dopamine in the lung |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Digestive and Metabolic Actions of Dopamine |
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213 | (28) |
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213 | (1) |
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8.2 Gastrointestinal System: Motility |
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214 | (5) |
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8.2.1 Pharynx and esophagus |
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214 | (2) |
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8.2.2 Stomach and duodenum |
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216 | (2) |
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8.2.3 Small and large intestine |
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218 | (1) |
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8.3 Gastrointestinal System: Digestive Functions |
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219 | (7) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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8.3.3 Accessory digestive organs: Exocrine pancreas and gall bladder |
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222 | (1) |
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8.3.4 Small and large intestines |
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223 | (1) |
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8.3.5 Enteric dopaminergic system and the gut microbiome |
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224 | (2) |
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8.4 Organs That Regulate Metabolism: Pancreas, Adipose Tissue, And Liver |
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226 | (7) |
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8.4.1 Endocrine pancreas and glucose metabolism |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (3) |
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231 | (2) |
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8.5 Diabetes, Obesity, And Adverse Effects Of Antipsychotic Drugs |
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233 | (2) |
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8.5.1 Dopamine, diabetes, and obesity |
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233 | (1) |
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8.5.2 Adverse effects of antipsychotic medication on body weight and metabolic syndrome |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (5) |
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Chapter 9 Dopamine in the Immune and Hematopoietic Systems |
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241 | (30) |
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241 | (1) |
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9.2 Cells Derived From The Lymphoid Lineage |
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241 | (5) |
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9.2.1 T cells, B cells, and NK cells |
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243 | (1) |
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9.2.2 The dopaminergic system in lymphocytes and NK cells |
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244 | (2) |
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9.3 Cells Derived From The Myeloid Lineage |
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246 | (4) |
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9.3.1 The dopaminergic system in erythrocytes and platelets |
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246 | (2) |
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9.3.2 The dopaminergic system in various leucocyte subtypes |
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248 | (2) |
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9.4 Autoimmune Diseases And Neuropsychiatry Disorders |
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250 | (8) |
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9.4.1 Dopamine and autoimmune diseases |
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251 | (3) |
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9.4.2 Dopamine, immune system, and neurological disorders |
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254 | (3) |
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9.4.3 Dopamine, immune system, and psychiatric disorders |
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257 | (1) |
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9.5 Endothelial Cells, Angiogenesis, And Coagulation |
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258 | (6) |
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9.5.1 Endothelial cells and dopamine |
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258 | (1) |
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9.5.2 Angiogenesis and dopamine |
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259 | (3) |
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9.5.3 Blood clotting and the coagulation cascade |
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262 | (2) |
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9.6 Inflammation And Allergic Reactions |
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264 | (2) |
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9.6.1 Inflammation and dopamine |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (4) |
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Chapter 10 Regulation of Reproduction by Dopamine |
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271 | (46) |
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271 | (1) |
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10.2 Sex Determination And Sexual Differentiation Of The Brain |
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271 | (8) |
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10.2.1 Genetic and hormonal components of sexual determination and differentiation |
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271 | (3) |
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10.2.2 Temporal and spatial developmental stages of sexual differentiation in the brain |
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274 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Interference of the sexual differentiation program by endocrine disruptors |
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275 | (2) |
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10.2.4 Association of dopamine with sexual differentiation in the brain |
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277 | (1) |
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10.2.5 Gender identity and sexual preference |
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278 | (1) |
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10.3 Hypothalamo-Pituitary Regulation Of Reproduction In Both Sexes |
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279 | (4) |
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10.3.1 Common features of the central control of reproduction |
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279 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Involvement of dopamine in hypothalamic control of reproduction and sex behavior |
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280 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Involvement of dopamine in the control of reproduction by the pituitary |
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281 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Dopamine indirectly regulates reproductive functions through the control of prolactin |
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281 | (2) |
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10.4 Male Reproduction: Testes And The Genital Tract |
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283 | (5) |
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10.4.1 The male gonads: Spermatogenesis |
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284 | (1) |
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10.4.2 The male gonads: Steroidogenesis and protein hormone production |
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285 | (1) |
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10.4.3 Involvement of dopamine with testicular functions |
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286 | (1) |
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10.4.4 The male genital tract |
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287 | (1) |
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10.5 Female Reproduction: Ovaries And Genital Tract |
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288 | (10) |
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10.5.1 Unique characteristics of female reproduction |
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288 | (1) |
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10.5.2 The female gonads: Oogenesis, folliculogenesis, and ovulation |
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289 | (4) |
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10.5.3 The female gonads: Steroidogenesis |
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293 | (1) |
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10.5.4 Involvement of dopamine with ovarian functions |
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293 | (1) |
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10.5.5 The female genital tract |
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294 | (4) |
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10.6 Fertilization, Pregnancy, And Fetal Development |
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298 | (8) |
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10.6.1 Overview of conception, pregnancy, and embryonic development |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (2) |
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10.6.3 Blastocyst transport and implantation |
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301 | (1) |
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10.6.4 Endocrine functions of the placenta |
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302 | (1) |
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10.6.5 L-Dopa and dopamine levels in different compartments of pregnancy |
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303 | (2) |
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10.6.6 Development of the fetal reproductive organs |
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305 | (1) |
|
10.7 Parturition And Lactation |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
10.7.1 The process of parturition |
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
10.7.2 Hormonal regulation of lactation |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
10.8 Neonatal Development, Puberty, And Aging |
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
10.8.1 The reproductive axis during the neonatal and prepubertal periods |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
10.8.2 Hormonal control of puberty and disorders of puberty |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
10.8.3 Aging of the reproductive system |
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (6) |
|
Chapter 11 Actions of Dopamine on the Skin and the Skeleton |
|
|
317 | (8) |
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
11.2 Skin Structure And Wound Healing |
|
|
318 | (7) |
|
11.2.1 Overview of skin structure |
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
11.2.2 The complexity of wound healing |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Role of dopamine in wound healing |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
11.2.4 Polydopamine nanopolymers used for drug delivery in wound healing |
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
1 1.3 Pigmentation And Melanogenesis |
|
|
325 | (20) |
|
11.3.1 Overview of skin pigmentation and melanogenesis |
|
|
325 | (3) |
|
11.3.2 Selected disorders of pigmentation |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
11.3.3 Role of dopamine in skin pigmentation and its disorders |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
11.4.1 Overview of sweating, apocrine, and eccrine glands |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
11.4.2 Dopamine and sweating |
|
|
330 | (2) |
|
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
11.5.1 Overview of hair growth and its hormonal regulation |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
11.5.2 Role of dopamine in hair growth |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
11.6 The Skeleton And Bone Remodeling |
|
|
334 | (3) |
|
11.6.1 Overview of the skeleton and bone remodeling |
|
|
334 | (2) |
|
11.6.2 Involvement of dopamine in bone homeostasis |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
11.7 Joints, Bones, And Muscles |
|
|
337 | (5) |
|
11.7.1 Overview of joints and muscles |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
11.7.2 Involvement of dopamine in muscle disorders |
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
11.7.3 Involvement of dopamine in bone and synovial joint disorders |
|
|
340 | (2) |
|
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
Chapter 12 Dopamine and Tumorigenesis in Reproductive Tissues |
|
|
345 | (28) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (6) |
|
12.2.1 Prevalence, classification, and molecular characterization of pituitary tumors |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
12.2.2 Prolactinomas and dopamine: Pathogenesis and treatments |
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
12.2.3 Dopamine and other pituitary adenomas subtypes |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (10) |
|
12.3.1 Prevalence, classification, and molecular characterization of breast cancer |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
12.3.2 Chemotherapy and immunotherapy in breast cancer |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
12.3.3 Hormone and targeted therapies in breast cancer |
|
|
355 | (3) |
|
12.3.4 DARPP: A dopamine-regulated phosphatase involved in tumorigenesis |
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
12.3.5 D1R expression and actions in breast cancer |
|
|
359 | (3) |
|
|
|
362 | (3) |
|
12.4.1 Characteristics of ovarian cancer |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
12.4.2 Involvement of dopamine in ovarian cancer |
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
12.5 Endometrial And Cervical Cancer |
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
12.6 Prostate And Testicular Cancer |
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
12.6.1 Characteristics of prostate cancer |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
12.6.2 Role of dopamine in prostate cancer |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (5) |
|
Chapter 13 Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers |
|
|
373 | (30) |
|
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
13.2 Hematological Malignancies |
|
|
373 | (5) |
|
13.2.1 Prevalence and classification of hematological malignancies |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
13.2.2 Attributes and classification of leukemias |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
13.2.3 Involvement of dopamine in leukemias |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
13.2.4 Association of dopamine with lymphomas |
|
|
376 | (2) |
|
13.3 Gastrointestinal-Related Cancers |
|
|
378 | (6) |
|
13.3.1 Dopamine and overall incidence of GI malignancies |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
13.4 Lung, Kidney, And Bladder Cancers |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
13.4.1 Lung cancer and dopamine |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
13.4.2 Kidney and bladder cancer |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (3) |
|
13.5.1 Prevalence and attributes of skin cancer |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
13.5.2 Dopamine and melanoma |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
13.6 Head And Neck Cancer |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
13.6.1 Prevalence and attributes of head and neck cancer |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
13.6.2 Dopamine and DARPP-32 in head and neck and esophageal cancers |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
13.6.3 Role of the cGMP/PDE/PKG pathway in head and neck cancer |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
13.7 Neurological And Neuroendocrine Tumors |
|
|
391 | (6) |
|
13.7.1 Dopamine in brain tumors: Glioblastoma and meningioma |
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
13.7.2 Dopamine and neuroblastoma |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
13.7.3 Prevalence and attributes of neuroendocrine tumors |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
13.7.4 Dopamine in neuroendocrine tumors |
|
|
395 | (2) |
|
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
|
397 | (6) |
| Glossary |
|
403 | (10) |
| Index |
|
413 | |