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E-raamat: Doping, Performance-Enhancing Drugs, and Hormones in Sport: Mechanisms of Action and Methods of Detection

(Schools of Public Health and Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA)
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Doping, Performance-Enhancing Drugs, and Hormones in Sport: Mechanisms of Action and Methods of DetectionSuurem pilt
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Doping, Performance Enhancing Drugs, and Hormones in Sport: Mechanisms of Action and Methods of Detection is the latest title in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series. The book examines the biochemistry and bioanalytical aspects of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) and other questionable procedures used by athletes to enhance performance. It informs the specialist of emerging knowledge and techniques and allows the non-specialist to grasp the underlying science and current practice of the discipline relatively quickly.

Unlike most books on the subject, which are monumental, difficult to wade through and appropriate only for specialists, this short format volume will give you a grasp of the scientific concepts of how performance enhancers work, how they are used and how they are detected and masked from detection. The book provides background on prevalence, types of agents, their actual or supposed benefits and their negative effects on health.

The technical aspects of detection (the athlete catch) are discussed, followed by a discussion of why detection is a problematic and still-evolving science. To ease comprehension, each chapter is organized in a uniform way with five sections: (1) standard medical uses, (2) why they are used by athletes, (3) biological mechanism of action, (4) what research says about efficacy in improving performance and (5) major health side effects from use and abuse in sport.

  • Features clear, concise and compelling prose appropriate for a broad spectrum of readers—language that is neither simplistic to scientists nor too sophisticated for a large, diverse global audience
  • Embeds key points in each chapter to fix the matter in the reader’s mind
  • Offers one-page close-ups in each chapter illustrating key topics to catch, engage, entertain and create a novel synthesis of thought
  • Presents the scientific concepts of how performance enhancers work, how they are used and how they are detected and masked from detection

Muu info

An overview of the biochemistry and bioanalytical aspects of performance-enhancing drugs and other questionable procedures used by athletes to enhance performance
List of Contributors
xi
Foreword xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
Chapter 1 Overview: Doping in Sport
1(12)
History and Current State of the Problem
1(1)
Prevalence by Sport, Country, Level of Competition
2(1)
World Anti-Doping Agency and Legal Problems
3(3)
Ethical Issues of Usage, Sportsmanship, Character
6(2)
Are There Situations in Which Athletes Can Use PEDs?---Therapeutic Use Exemption
8(1)
Conclusion
9(2)
References
11(2)
Chapter 2 Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
13(12)
Treatment of Endocrine Disruptions
13(1)
The Athletic Drive to Increase Muscle Mass
14(2)
Intracellular Biochemical and Nuclear Actions
16(2)
Early Paradoxes and Later Confirmations in Research Findings
18(1)
Effects of Abuse, Reversible, and Nonreversible
19(2)
Other Anabolic Substances
21(1)
Conclusion
21(1)
References
22(3)
Chapter 3 Stimulants
25(12)
Losing Weight, Staying Awake, Gaining Focus
25(1)
Staying Athletically Lean and on Task
26(2)
Neurochemistry
28(2)
Performance Enhancement Evidence
30(2)
Speeding and Crashing
32(1)
Conclusion
32(2)
References
34(3)
Chapter 4 Glucocorticoids
37(12)
Antiinflammatory and Pulmonary Actions
37(2)
Helping Athletes Recover Faster, Breathe Better, and Burn More Fat
39(1)
Endocrine and Immune Actions
39(4)
Do They Work? Yes, No, and Maybe
43(1)
Pseudo-Cushing's Syndrome and Mineralocorticoid Actions
44(1)
Conclusion
45(2)
References
47(2)
Chapter 5 Peptide---Protein Hormones
49(16)
Offsetting Endocrine Defects and Dysfunctions
49(3)
Increasing Muscle Mass and Enhancing Oxygen Delivery
52(1)
Ramping up Hormone Actions Within Cells
53(3)
It Works, Within Limits
56(3)
Acromegaly, Blood Hyperviscosity, and Death
59(1)
Conclusion
59(3)
References
62(3)
Chapter 6 Beta-2 Agonists
65(12)
Asthma Prevention and Treatment
65(2)
Breathing More and Building Muscle in Sport
67(1)
Adrenergic and Anabolic Actions and Reactions
68(3)
Asthmatics, Yes or Maybe! Everyone Else?
71(1)
Tachycardia, Arrhythmias, Syncope
72(1)
Conclusion
72(3)
References
75(2)
Chapter 7 Hormone and Metabolic Modulators
77(14)
Androgen and Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease
77(2)
The Balance Between Gender-Based Hormones
79(2)
Selective Receptor Modulation Drugs---How They Work
81(2)
Contradictions and Ambiguous Evidence
83(2)
Thrombosis, Embolisms, Hot Flashes, and Hyperandrogenism
85(1)
Conclusion
86(1)
References
87(4)
Chapter 8 Narcotics
91(12)
In the Arms of Morpheus
91(1)
The Athletic Need to Push Through the Pain
92(2)
The Opioid System and Pain
94(2)
Substances That Work Too Well
96(1)
Addiction, Addiction, and Addiction
97(1)
Conclusion
98(2)
References
100(3)
Chapter 9 Beta Blockers
103(10)
Cardiovascular Modulation and Health
103(2)
Staying Calm, Cool, and Collected on the Battlefield of Sport
105(1)
Blocking the Actions of Neurotransmitters and Hormones
106(1)
Strong Evidence of Performance Enhancement
107(1)
From Lethargy to Impotence: Undesirable Effects
108(1)
Conclusion
109(1)
References
110(3)
Chapter 10 Athlete Testing, Analytical Procedures, and Adverse Analytical Findings
113(16)
WADA Testing Procedures
113(2)
Biospecimen Analysis Techniques
115(3)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Bioanalytical Procedures
118(1)
Ways in Which Athletes Avoid Detection
119(2)
What Happens When an Athlete Gets a Positive Test Result?
121(3)
Conclusion
124(2)
References
126(3)
Chapter 11 The Future of Performance Enhancement in Sport
129(12)
Can Prevention and Detection Deter Doping?
130(1)
Education of Athletes: Is That Enough?
130(1)
Staying Ahead of the Doping Athlete: Is It Possible?
131(1)
Genetic Doping: Is It the Future?
132(1)
Should Doping be Legalized and Regulated?
133(1)
Binary Gender Constructs and the Future
134(1)
What's Next?
135(2)
Conclusion
137(2)
References
139(2)
Index 141
Dr. Anthony C. Hackney is a Professor of Exercise Physiology and Nutrition at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research group studies how stress affects the hormonal responses of the endocrine system. In particular, his focus is on the dysfunctions and dysregulations that develop from stress exposures which can ultimately compromise physiological responses and adaptations. Dr. Hackney is an editor and author of the successful books Endocrinology of Physical Activity and Sport and Sex Hormones, Exercise and Women, as well as author of the Elsevier book Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice. He has published over 200 peer-reviewed research papers and book chapters, given over 150 national and international scientific conference presentations, and has had current and previous research projects funded by the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, USAID, and the National Academy of Sciences. He is an Editorial Board member for five exercise science, sports medicine, and physiology journals; has done visiting professorships in Uruguay, Kosovo, Norway, New Zealand, Germany, and Estonia; and is on the Board of Directors of the Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, UNC-CH. A recipient of three Fulbright Scholar awards, he was named Fellow, American Academy of Kinesiology (2010), Montoye Research Scholar, the American College of Sports Medicine (2015), Fellow, Huffines Institute for Sports Medicine (2015), and Kean-Pogue Senior Research Scholar, University of North Carolina (2016), among other honors and awards.
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