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E-raamat: Drugs in Sport

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  • Formaat: 472 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000529524
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Drugs in SportSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: 472 pages
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • Keel: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000529524
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"Drugs in Sport is the most comprehensive and accurate text on the emotive, complex and critical subject of performance enhancement and doping within sport. Thoroughly updated in light of the latest World Anti-Doping Code and taking into account the latest regulations, procedures and landmark cases, this 8th edition explores the science behind drug-use in sport, as well as its ethical, social, political and administrative context. Introducing an increased focus on athletes with specific needs and on corrupt doping practices, the book covers key topics including: - an evaluation of the prevalence of doping in sport - the latest doping control regulations stipulated by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) - the science and side effects of each major class of drug used in sport - cutting-edge issues such as drug use by transgender athletes - medical and anti-doping considerations for athletes with an impairment - governance and corruption in sport including institutionalised doping - issues surrounding sportnutrition and supplement use in sport - medical and pharmaceutical services at major sporting events Accessibly written, and supported throughout with illustrative case studies and data, Drugs in Sport provides a crucial and objective resource for students and researchers, athletes, sports scientists, coaches and athlete-support staff, journalists, sports administrators and policymakers, alike"--

Drugs in Sport is the most comprehensive and accurate text on the emotive, complex and critical subject of performance enhancement and doping within sport. Thoroughly updated, this edition explores the science behind drug-use in sport, as well as its ethical, social, political and administrative context.

List of figures xiv
List of tables xvi
List of boxes xix
About the contributors xxi
Acronyms and glossary of terms xxiii
Part I The context and regulation of drug use in sport 1(138)
1 Drugs and their use in sport
3(14)
David Mottram
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 What is a drug?
3(6)
1.3 Why might athletes take drugs?
9(3)
1.4 The use of drugs for performance enhancement
12(3)
1.5 Key points
15(1)
References
16(1)
2 The evolution of doping and anti-doping in sport
17(20)
David Mottram
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 The Ancient Olympic and Roman Games
18(1)
2.3 Nineteenth century
19(1)
2.4 Early twentieth century
19(1)
2.5 The 1940s and 1950s
19(1)
2.6 The 1960s
19(2)
2.7 The 1970s
21(1)
2.8 The 1980s
21(1)
2.9 The 1990s
22(1)
2.10 2000 to 2010
23(4)
2.11 2011 to 2020
27(6)
2.12 2021 and onwards
33(1)
2.13 Key points
34(1)
References
34(3)
3 Prevalence of doping in sport
37(35)
Andrea Petroczi
John Gleaves
Olivier De Hon
Dominic Sagoe
Martial Saugy
3.1 Introduction
37(1)
3.2 Definition of "doping" for determining prevalence
38(1)
3.3 Evidence sources
39(1)
3.4 Reviews on doping prevalence
40(5)
3.5 Prevalencefrom doping control tests
45(2)
3.6 Prevalence from ADRVs with direct link to Athlete Biological Passport
47(1)
3.7 Population-level estimation from ABP data
48(1)
3.8 Prevalencefrom ADRVs
49(9)
3.9 Scientific literature
58(2)
3.10 Evidence synthesis
60(2)
3.11 A note on perceived prevalence
62(1)
3.12 Key points
63(2)
References
65(7)
4 Regulation of anti-doping in sport - international and national operational frameworks
72(15)
Neil Chester
Nick Wojek
4.1 Introduction
72(1)
4.2 Why regulate drug use in sport?
72(1)
4.3 The history of the anti-doping movement
73(2)
4.4 Anti-doping structure
75(2)
4.5 The World Anti-Doping Agency
77(1)
4.6 The UNESCO International Convention Against Doping in Sport
77(1)
4.7 The World Anti-Doping Code
78(7)
4.8 Court of Arbitration for Sport
85(1)
4.9 Key points
85(1)
References
85(2)
5 Doping control in sport
87(21)
Neil Chester
Nick Wojek
Yorck Olaf Schumacher
5.1 Introduction
87(1)
5.2 Analytical investigations
88(8)
5.3 Athlete Biological Passport
96(5)
5.4 Non-analytical investigations
101(1)
5.5 Sanctions
102(3)
5.6 Education
105(1)
5.7 Key points
105(1)
References
106(2)
6 The role of Athlete Support Personnel in drug use in sport
108(16)
Neil Chester
Mark Stuart
David Mottram
6.1 Introduction
108(1)
6.2 Influences on an athleteαs sporting career
109(1)
6.3 Who are Athlete Support Personnel?
109(1)
6.4 The role of Athlete Support Personnel with regard to drug use in sport
110(4)
6.5 Anti-doping regulations relating to Athlete Support Personnel
114(5)
6.6 Education for Athlete Support Personnel
119(1)
6.7 Key points
120(1)
References
120(4)
7 Medical and pharmacy services for international games
124(15)
Mark Stuart
7.1 Introduction
124(1)
7.2 Medical services at sporting venues
125(1)
7.3 The games polyclinic
125(1)
7.4 Polyclinic services
126(2)
7.5 Role of healthcare professionals in anti-doping
128(1)
7.6 Medical workforce and training
128(1)
7.7 Medicines governance
129(1)
7.8 Prescribing prohibited substances to athletes
129(1)
7.9 Selection of medicines for athlete treatment at games
130(2)
7.10 Patterns of drug use
132(2)
7.11 Importation of drugs for team use
134(1)
7.12 Anti-doping support for local healthcare services
135(1)
7.13 Key points
136(1)
Bibliography
136(3)
Part II Substances and methods used and misused in sport 139(242)
8 Anabolic agents
141(23)
Neil Chester
8.1 Introduction
141(1)
8.2 Anabolic androgenic steroids
142(3)
8.3 Pharmacology of anabolic androgenic steroids
145(1)
8.4 Clinical uses of anabolic androgenic steroids
146(1)
8.5 Anabolic androgenic steroids as performance- and image-enhancing agents
147(1)
8.6 Adverse effects following anabolic androgenic steroid use
148(2)
8.7 Use of anabolic androgenic steroids in sport
150(2)
8.8 Prevalence of anabolic androgenic steroid use in sport
152(2)
8.9 Designer steroids
154(1)
8.10 Prohormones
154(1)
8.11 Detection of anabolic androgenic steroids
155(1)
8.12 Selective androgen receptor modulators
156(1)
8.13 Beta-2 agonists
156(1)
8.14 Tibolone
157(1)
8.15 Ecdysterone
157(1)
8.16 Key points
158(1)
References
158(6)
9 Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics
164(22)
David Mottram
Neil Chester
9.1 Introduction
164(1)
9.2 What are peptide hormones and growth factors?
164(4)
9.3 Clinical uses of peptide hormones and growth factors
168(2)
9.4 The use and misuse of erythropoietins and agents affecting erythropoiesis in sport
170(2)
9.5 The use and misuse of peptide hormones and their releasing factors in sport
172(4)
9.6 The use and misuse of growth factors and growth factor modulators in sport
176(1)
9.7 The prevalence of peptide hormones and growth factors in sport
177(3)
9.8 Key points
180(1)
References
180(6)
10 Beta-2 agonists
186(16)
Neil Chester
David Mottram
10.1 Introduction
186(1)
10.2 What are beta-2 agonists?
186(1)
10.3 Clinical uses of beta-2 agonists
187(4)
10.4 The use and misuse of beta-2 agonists in sport
191(6)
10.5 Key points
197(1)
References
198(4)
11 Hormone and metabolic modulators
202(14)
Neil Chester
11.1 Introduction
202(1)
11.2 Hormone and metabolic modulators and the WADA Prohibited List
202(3)
11.3 Aromatase inhibitors
205(1)
11.4 Anti-oestrogenic substances: anti-oestrogens and selective oestrogen receptor modulators
206(1)
11.5 Agents preventing activin receptor IIB activation
207(2)
11.6 Metabolic modulators
209(3)
11.7 Key points
212(1)
References
213(3)
12 Diuretics and masking agents
216(10)
David Mottram
12.1 Introduction
216(1)
12.2 What are diuretics?
216(1)
12.3 The use and misuse of diuretics and masking agents in sport
216(7)
12.4 Key points
223(1)
References
224(2)
13 Manipulation of blood and blood components
226(9)
Yorck Olaf Schumacher
13.1 Introduction
226(1)
13.2 Blood transfusions
227(2)
13.3 Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents
229(1)
13.4 New developments in erythropoietic drugs
230(1)
13.5 Blood substitutes
231(2)
13.6 Key points
233(1)
References
233(2)
14 Chemical and physical manipulation
235(10)
David Mottram
14.1 Introduction
235(1)
14.2 WADA regulations with respect to chemical and physical manipulation
235(1)
14.3 Prevalence of chemical and physical manipulation in sport
236(2)
14.4 Techniques for ideating chemical and physical manipulation
238(1)
14.5 Institutionalised manipulation of the doping control process
239(3)
14.6 Key points
242(1)
References
242(3)
15 The potential for gene and cell doping in sport
245(13)
Dominic J. Wells
15.1 Introduction
245(1)
15.2 What are gene and cell therapies?
246(1)
15.3 Clinical uses of gene and cell therapy
246(3)
15.4 The action, uses and adverse effects of gene and cell doping in sport
249(4)
15.5 Key points
253(1)
References
253(5)
16 Stimulants
258(21)
David Mottram
16.1 Introduction
258(1)
16.2 What are stimulants?
258(3)
16.3 Clinical uses of stimulants
261(1)
16.4 The use, misuse and adverse effects of stimulants in sport
262(9)
16.5 WADA regulations for stimulant use in sport
271(4)
16.6 Key points
275(1)
References
275(4)
17 Caffeine
279(19)
Neil Chester
17.1 Introduction
279(1)
17.2 Pharmacology
280(1)
17.3 Mechanisms of action
281(2)
17.4 Performance-enhancing properties
283(4)
17.5 Caffeine combinations
287(1)
17.6 Therapeutic actions
288(1)
17.7 Adverse side-effects
289(1)
17.8 Caffeine use and anti-doping regulations
290(2)
17.9 Key points
292(1)
References
292(6)
18 Cannabinoids
298(11)
David Mottram
18.1 Introduction
298(1)
18.2 What are cannabinoids?
298(2)
18.3 Cannabis use in society
300(1)
18.4 The use and misuse of cannabinoids in sport
301(5)
18.5 Key points
306(1)
References
306(3)
19 Glucocorticoids
309(17)
Nick Wojek
19.1 Introduction
309(1)
19.2 Clinical uses, side-effects and mode of action
310(2)
19.3 Physiological and pharmacological effects relevant to sport performance
312(4)
19.4 Anti-doping regulations
316(3)
19.5 Key points
319(1)
References
320(6)
20 Narcotics
326(7)
David Mottram
20.1 Introduction
326(1)
20.2 What are narcotics?
326(1)
20.3 Clinical uses of narcotics
327(1)
20.4 The use and misuse of narcotics in sport
328(4)
20.5 Key points
332(1)
References
332(1)
21 Non-narcotic analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
333(13)
Nick Wojek
21.1 Introduction
333(1)
21.2 Properties and mode of action
333(2)
21.3 Clinical uses and efficacy
335(2)
21.4 Adverse effects
337(1)
21.5 Prevalence of use and ethical issues of NSAID use within sport
338(2)
21.6 Key points
340(1)
References
341(5)
22 Beta blockers
346(5)
David Mottram
22.1 Introduction
346(1)
22.2 What are beta blockers?
346(1)
22.3 Clinical uses of beta blockers
347(2)
22.4 The use and misuse of beta blockers in sport
349(3)
22.5 Key points
352(1)
References
352
23 Alcohol
351(11)
David Mottram
23.1 Introduction
354(1)
23.2 What is alcohol?
354(2)
23.3 Adverse effects of alcohol
356(1)
23.4 The use and misuse of alcohol in sport
357(3)
23.5 Key points
360(1)
References
360(2)
24 Sports nutrition, supplements and herbal preparations
362(19)
Neil Chester
24.1 Introduction
362(1)
24.2 Sports nutrition
363(1)
24.3 What are sports supplements?
363(1)
24.4 Why do athletes use supplements?
364(1)
24.5 The prevalence of supplement use
364(1)
24.6 The risks associated with supplement use
365(4)
24.7 Herbal supplementation
369(5)
24.8 Safeguarding athletes against inadvertent doping through supplement use
374(2)
24.9 Key points
376(1)
References
376(5)
Part III Evolving issues concerning drug use in sport 381
25 Drug use in society and the potential impact on the anti-doping movement
383(14)
Neil Chester
Jim McVeigh
25.1 Introduction
383(1)
25.2 Recreational psychoactive drug use
384(1)
25.3 Performance- and image-enhancing drug use
385(3)
25.4 Performance-enhancing drug use in recreational/non-elite athletes
388(1)
25.5 Human enhancement technology
388(2)
25.6 The normalisation of drug use in society and impact on the anti-doping movement
390(2)
25.7 Key points
392(1)
References
393(4)
26 Inadvertent use of prohibited substances in sport
397(16)
David Mottram
Neil Chester
26.1 Introduction
397(1)
26.2 Why athletes may take prohibited substances inadvertently
397(1)
26.3 Risk levels for the inadvertent use of prohibited substance in sport
398(8)
26.4 WADA rules and regulations regarding inadvertent use of prohibited substances
406(2)
26.5 The Role of Athlete Support Personnel (ASP) in preventing inadvertent use of prohibited substances
408(2)
26.6 Athlete responsibilities in preventing inadvertent use of prohibited substances
410(1)
26.7 Key points
410(1)
References
410(3)
27 Hormonal treatments for transgender athletes and athletes with a difference of sex development
413(15)
Stephane Bermon
Alma Kajeniene
27.1 Introduction
413(1)
27.2 Hormonal treatments in transgender athletes
414(5)
27.3 Transgender athletes: eligibility regulations and anti-doping rules
419(3)
27.4 Athletes with a difference of sex development
422(3)
27.5 Key points
425(1)
References
426(2)
28 Medical and anti-doping considerations for athletes with disability
428(14)
Cheri Blauwet
Alexandra Gundersen
28.1 Introduction
428(2)
28.2 Musculoskeletal injury
430(1)
28.3 Medical illness
431(2)
28.4 Concussion
433(1)
28.5 Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S)
434(1)
28.6 Cardiac considerations
435(1)
28.7 Doping and other concerning practices in Para sport
436(2)
28.8 Conclusion
438(1)
References
439(3)
29 Governance and corruption in sport with respect to doping
442
Niel King
29.1 Introduction
442(1)
29.2 The evolution of anti-doping policy: an overview
443(1)
29.3 The anti-doping governance infrastructure
444(2)
29.4 Case study: Doping in Russia and the McLaren Reports
446(1)
29.5 Building an effective governance infrastructure and anti-doping policy
447(6)
29.6 Discussion: At a crossroads - doping as a test case for sport governance
453(1)
29.7 Key points
454(1)
References
454
Index 45
David Mottram is Emeritus Professor of Pharmacy at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. He was a member of the organising committee for pharmacy services for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and part of the medical services team at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. David is currently providing education and training programmes on drug use in sport and on doping control for the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the International Testing Agency (ITA).

Neil Chester is Senior Lecturer in Sport and Exercise Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University, UK. His teaching commitments are in exercise physiology with a particular focus in sports nutrition, supplementation, drug use and anti-doping in addition to research ethics and ethics in sport and professional practice. Neil works closely with UK Anti-Doping in a research, consultancy and testing capacity and is a member of the British Association for Sport and Exercise Sciences Integrity Advisory Group and Clean Sport Interest Group.
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