| Executive Summary |
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9 | (2) |
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Chapter 1 The worrisome trends in groundwater irrigation expansion |
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11 | (34) |
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12 | (1) |
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The increasing significance and challenges of groundwater irrigation |
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13 | (3) |
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Groundwater use in agriculture accounts for over half of OECD countries' total groundwater withdrawals, with large differences across countries |
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16 | (8) |
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From groundwater use to groundwater stress |
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24 | (4) |
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Expected effects of climate change: Increased reliance on groundwater, reduced recharge and increased salinity |
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28 | (3) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (12) |
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Annex 1.A1 Agricultural activities supported by groundwater in OECD countries |
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39 | (1) |
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Annex 1.A2 Groundwater use: 2010 estimates and national trends in other OECD countries |
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40 | (2) |
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Annex 1.A3 Explanatory note on Margat and Van der Gun (2013) data |
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42 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Understanding agricultural groundwater systems and challenges |
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45 | (28) |
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46 | (1) |
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A need to move beyond the wide heterogeneity in agricultural groundwater systems |
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47 | (1) |
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Characterising agriculture groundwater systems in OECD countries |
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48 | (7) |
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Key implications of groundwater use in agriculture |
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55 | (8) |
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63 | (2) |
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65 | (8) |
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Annex 2.A1 Existing typologies on groundwater and irrigation systems |
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69 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 What policy instruments help to manage agricultural groundwater use sustainably? |
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73 | (34) |
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74 | (1) |
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Looking for efficient and effective management solutions |
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75 | (1) |
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Scope for public action: Managing long-term depletion and externalities |
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75 | (2) |
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Choice of policy instruments: A wide range of options |
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77 | (2) |
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What factors count in the choice of instruments? |
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79 | (3) |
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Demand-side policy instruments to manage groundwater use |
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82 | (7) |
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Supply-side approaches: Relieving the constraints for users, at a cost |
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89 | (1) |
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Synthesizing lessons from the economics literature: A call for adaptive management policies |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (13) |
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Annex 3.A1 Analytical model |
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99 | (4) |
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Annex 3.A2 Case study: choice of policy instruments for groundwater management |
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103 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 What agricultural groundwater policies exist in OECD countries? |
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107 | (46) |
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108 | (1) |
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An analysis based on findings from a 2014 OECD survey on groundwater management approaches |
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109 | (2) |
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A wide spectrum of agricultural groundwater management approaches |
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111 | (19) |
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Are policy instruments corresponding to specific groundwater characteristics? Findings from a regional analysis |
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130 | (5) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (16) |
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Annex 4.A1 Deriving regional indicators of groundwater characteristics and management |
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145 | (4) |
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Annex 4.A2 Results of the regional indicator analysis |
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149 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Towards adaptive groundwater management in agriculture |
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153 | (18) |
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154 | (1) |
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Drawing recommendations from successes, failures, and lessons learned |
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155 | (7) |
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An increasing need for a more sustainable management of groundwater resources to face a changing climate |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (4) |
| Glossary |
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171 | |
Lisainfo e-raamatute kohta