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xii | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
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PART I BACKGROUND ON IMMIGRATION |
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1 | (86) |
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1 Why study the economics of immigration? |
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3 | (26) |
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5 | (3) |
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Immigration is controversial |
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8 | (1) |
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Immigration versus international trade |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Economics of immigration terminology |
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10 | (2) |
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A basic model of immigration |
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12 | (3) |
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A global overview of immigration |
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15 | (3) |
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An overview of U.S. immigration |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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What this book does not cover |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (6) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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Consumer and producer surplus |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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2 Patterns of international migration |
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29 | (23) |
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Where are immigrants from? |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (5) |
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Immigrant destinations within countries |
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31 | (3) |
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Measuring immigrant concentration and dispersion |
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34 | (2) |
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Immigration to poor countries |
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36 | (1) |
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Do immigrants stay? Return and repeat migration |
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36 | (3) |
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39 | (1) |
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The role of immigration policy |
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39 | (2) |
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Refugees and asylum seekers |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (4) |
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47 | (5) |
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3 Determinants of immigration |
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52 | (35) |
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52 | (4) |
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56 | (6) |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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The role of immigration policy |
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62 | (1) |
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The gravity model of migration |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (10) |
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The role of economic conditions in the origin |
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64 | (3) |
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The role of economic conditions in the destination |
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67 | (2) |
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The role of migration costs |
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69 | (2) |
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The role of migrant networks |
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71 | (1) |
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The role of immigration policy |
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72 | (1) |
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Evidence for specific groups of immigrants |
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73 | (1) |
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Determinants of immigrant destinations within countries |
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74 | (1) |
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Determinants of return migration |
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75 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (7) |
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85 | (2) |
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PART II IMMIGRANT SELECTION AND ASSIMILATION |
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87 | (94) |
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4 Selection in immigration |
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89 | (35) |
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90 | (7) |
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The direction of selection |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Implications for the returns to migration |
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97 | (2) |
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Empirical evidence on selection |
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99 | (10) |
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Measuring the return to skill |
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99 | (1) |
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Global patterns of selection |
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100 | (4) |
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Effects of migration costs and other factors |
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104 | (1) |
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Effects of immigration policy |
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105 | (3) |
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Selection among Mexico-U.S. immigrants |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Selection in return migration |
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110 | (7) |
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The Roy model and return migration |
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111 | (5) |
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Empirical evidence on selection in return migration |
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116 | (1) |
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Final thoughts on selection |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (2) |
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124 | (31) |
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Labor market assimilation |
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125 | (13) |
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Cohort differences in assimilation |
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128 | (6) |
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Gender issues in immigrants' labor market assimilation |
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134 | (1) |
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Accounting for return migration |
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135 | (1) |
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Immigrant types and assimilation |
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135 | (3) |
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Participation in public assistance programs |
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138 | (1) |
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Location choice and enclaves |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (3) |
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Final thoughts on assimilation |
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149 | (6) |
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155 | (26) |
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Measuring intergenerational mobility |
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156 | (2) |
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Intergenerational transmission and intergenerational elasticities |
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156 | (2) |
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Intergenerational mobility among immigrants in the labor market |
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158 | (6) |
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Transition matrices in Switzerland |
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160 | (1) |
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Intergenerational transmission |
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161 | (3) |
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Issues in measuring intergenerational mobility among immigrants |
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164 | (1) |
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Intergenerational mobility in education |
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165 | (4) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (2) |
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Final thoughts on the second generation |
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174 | (7) |
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PART III LABOR MARKET EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION |
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181 | (66) |
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7 Labor market effects of immigration: theory |
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183 | (25) |
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184 | (4) |
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Immigration model with costs |
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188 | (1) |
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Upward-sloping labor supply when immigrants and natives are perfect substitutes |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (2) |
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Upward-sloping labor supply when immigrants and natives are complements |
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193 | (1) |
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Unskilled and skilled labor |
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194 | (3) |
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Elasticity of substitution between different types of workers |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (2) |
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Open versus closed economy |
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200 | (1) |
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Final thoughts on theoretical labor market effects |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (5) |
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203 | (1) |
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Natives and immigrants as perfect substitutes |
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203 | (1) |
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Natives and immigrants as imperfect substitutes |
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204 | (1) |
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Unskilled and skilled labor |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Elasticity of substitution between different types of workers |
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206 | (2) |
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8 Labor market effects of immigration: evidence |
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208 | (39) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (17) |
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Approach #1; Spatial correlations |
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211 | (4) |
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Approach #2: Natural experiments |
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215 | (5) |
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220 | (3) |
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Approach #4: Structural models |
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223 | (3) |
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Concluding remarks regarding wage effects |
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226 | (1) |
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Other channels of labor market adjustment |
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227 | (3) |
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227 | (1) |
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Complementarities among highly educated workers |
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228 | (1) |
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Changes in input and output mix |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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Effects on previous immigrants |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (7) |
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237 | (10) |
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Basic regression analysis and common biases |
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238 | (4) |
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Identification strategies |
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242 | (5) |
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PART IV OTHER EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION |
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247 | (92) |
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9 Effects on other markets in the destination |
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249 | (26) |
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249 | (4) |
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Prices of goods and services |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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Physical capital investment |
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259 | (1) |
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Technology, innovation and self-employment |
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260 | (3) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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266 | (4) |
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267 | (3) |
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270 | (4) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (27) |
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Measuring the fiscal impact |
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276 | (6) |
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Fiscal costs and benefits |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (3) |
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280 | (2) |
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Estimates of the fiscal impact of immigration: United States |
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282 | (7) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (3) |
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Estimates of the fiscal impact of immigration: OECD countries |
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289 | (2) |
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U.S. immigrants' participation in government-funded programs |
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291 | (5) |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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Final thoughts on fiscal effects |
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296 | (6) |
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11 Effects on source countries |
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302 | (37) |
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Labor market consequences of emigration for the source country |
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302 | (2) |
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Emigration and human capital: brain drain or brain gain? |
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304 | (12) |
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The extent of high-skilled emigration |
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307 | (2) |
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Models of brain drain and brain gain |
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309 | (3) |
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Channels of brain drain and brain gain |
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312 | (3) |
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315 | (1) |
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Policy issues and responses to high-skilled emigration |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (8) |
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321 | (2) |
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Remittances in the labor market model |
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323 | (1) |
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Evidence on the impact of remittances |
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324 | (2) |
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Remittances and economic growth |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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Remittances and development |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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Impacts on political, economic and social institutions |
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327 | (3) |
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Impact on political institutions |
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327 | (1) |
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Impact on economic institutions |
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328 | (1) |
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Impact on social institutions |
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329 | (1) |
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Final thoughts on source countries |
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330 | (9) |
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PART V FRONTIERS IN IMMIGRATION RESEARCH |
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339 | (30) |
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12 Frontiers in the economics of immigration |
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341 | (28) |
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341 | (1) |
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Voting, electoral outcomes and attitudes toward immigration |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (6) |
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349 | (2) |
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351 | (5) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (3) |
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Final thoughts on frontiers |
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361 | (8) |
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PART VI IMMIGRATION POLICY |
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369 | (65) |
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13 U.S. immigration policy |
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371 | (30) |
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The evolution of U.S. immigration policy |
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373 | (7) |
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Shifiing from national origins to preference categories |
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375 | (2) |
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Addressing unauthorized immigration |
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377 | (3) |
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Current immigration policy |
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380 | (15) |
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Legal permanent resident visas |
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380 | (4) |
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384 | (1) |
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Unauthorized immigration and enforcement |
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385 | (4) |
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U.S. refugee Iasylee policy |
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389 | (2) |
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391 | (2) |
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Failed attempts at federal immigration policy reform |
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393 | (1) |
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Immigration initiatives in the Trump era |
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394 | (1) |
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Final thoughts on U.S. immigration policy |
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395 | (6) |
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14 Immigration policy around the world |
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401 | (33) |
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Brief recap of U.S. immigration policy |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (8) |
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403 | (2) |
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405 | (2) |
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Other point-based systems |
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407 | (2) |
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Drawbacks of a point system |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (3) |
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413 | (4) |
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416 | (1) |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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Refugee and asylee policies |
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417 | (9) |
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421 | (3) |
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Labor market outcomes of refugees |
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424 | (2) |
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426 | (1) |
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Policies regarding immigrants after arrival |
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427 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (1) |
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Active labor market programs |
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428 | (1) |
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Anti-discrimination policies |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (5) |
Author index |
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434 | (7) |
Subject index |
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441 | |